From August 24 to 28, 1973, the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing.
Due to the occurrence of the "September 13" incident, the meeting time was one year earlier than the original scheduled time.
The meeting just ended, Chairman Mao and Deng Xiaoping chatted. Suddenly, Chairman Mao asked Deng Xiaoping: "What will China look like after I die?"
This question came very suddenly. Deng Xiaoping thought for a while and replied: "It may repeat the mistakes of warlords fighting and chaos in the world."
Chairman Mao nodded with a smile and then asked, "If this situation really happens, how can we solve it?"
. In the face of the Chairman's second question, Deng Xiaoping did not answer, but just smiled and changed the teacup in front of him and the teacup in front of Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao smiled knowingly after seeing it, and said with a smile: "Okay, the heroes have the same views."
What is the special meaning of Deng Xiaoping’s tea cup? Why did Chairman Mao say that "heroes have similar views"? Before the end of the honeymoon period of China and the Soviet Union, China, which were both socialist camps, had good relations with the Soviet Union, and China affectionately called the Soviet Union the "big brother".
But perhaps confirming that sentence, there are no eternal friends, only eternal interests.
Starting from the late 1950s, the "honeymoon period" between China and the Soviet Union ended.
With the rapid development of China, it has had an increasingly powerful impact on international politics. However, for the "big brother", the "little brother" has almost equalled with him, so naturally feel that it threatens their international status.
For various reasons, the Soviet Union, which had always been in an opposition to Western countries, began to ease its relations with Western countries under the leadership of Khrushchev.
Information shows that before the Warsaw National Political Consultative Conference was held in 1958, the Soviet Union decided to disarmament of 419,000 troops, and withdrew troops from Romania , and also signed a non-aggression treaty with NATO .
New China was just established and was subjected to various hostility and exclusion from NATO members. At this time, the Soviet Union, which was originally a socialist country and should jointly fight against NATO, was easing its relations with Western countries, which had to arouse our vigilance.
Chiang Kai-shek After fleeing to Taiwan, he received support from the United States, so he began to "fake the power of the tiger" and constantly provoke the mainland. In order to defend national sovereignty, China decided to shell Kinmen. It successfully attacked Chiang Kai-shek and the arrogance of American imperialism.
Coincidentally, before shelling Kinmen, Khrushchev had just visited China, and the Soviet Union had a relatively close relationship with China before, and was also a socialist country. Therefore, some Western countries believe that China's shelling of Kinmen was negotiated with the Soviet Union.
In fact, there is no room for discussion and negotiation on issues related to national sovereignty. We China has never need to discuss with any country, let alone support or permission from any country. This is our country's own business. After
shelling Kinmen, Khrushchev was very unhappy about it because in his opinion, he finally eased relations with Western countries and China shelled Kinmen, and the target was the United States, the head of NATO , which made his previous efforts was wasted.
Due to these reasons, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union has changed, from the "honeymoon period" to the "cold period".
Subsequently, a series of treacherous practices of the Soviet Union pushed the relations between the two countries into the abyss.
A year later, the Soviet Union recalled Soviet experts in China and ordered these experts to take away important things such as drawings and materials when evacuating. At the same time, they also terminated the supply of important equipment to China, in an attempt to block me technically.
After Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, the Soviet Union did something even more extraordinary.
For such provocation, China has repeatedly solemnly demanded that the Soviet Union stop invading, but the Soviet Union arrogantly believed that Chinese troops dare not take action and turned a deaf ear to China's solemn demands.
Our border defense forces no longer tolerate the increasingly rampant behavior of the Soviet Union, and China's territory could not invade at all, and then launched a self-defense counterattack. Finally, the Soviet troops were expelled from our Zhenbao Island area. This self-defense counterattack not only successfully defended our territory, but also cracked down on the rampant Soviet Union and safeguarded our national dignity.
However, after the Battle of Zhenbao Island, the Soviet Union did not give up and assembled an army of 700,000 people in northern China, and the number subsequently increased to 1.14 million. Such a move is to show off your power at our doorstep and be ready to take action at any time.
In the face of the Soviet Union's various actions, China had to make all preparations to deal with it.
Eight military regions
During this period, the international situation was undercurrent and the Soviet Union was eyeing China. But in addition to "external troubles", there are also "internal troubles".
The occurrence of the domestic "September 13" incident alerted Chairman Mao, so Chairman Mao had a comprehensive consideration of the current problems in the domestic army.
Chairman Mao, who has always adhered to the principle of "no investigation, no right to speak", inspected the military region before the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Research found that the commanders and political commissars of several major military regions in China have not changed for more than ten years. This will create a problem, that is, as time goes by, the commanders and political commissars of the military region have not been transferred for a long time, which can easily allow them to slowly get along and compromise with each other in their daily work.
Originally, in the organization of the army, the political commissar and the army commander were independent and restricted by each other, which could ensure the purity and discipline of the army.
The current situation is obviously contrary to the original intention of establishing the commander and political commissar. As time goes by, the commander and political commissar of the military region have compromised each other.
Chairman Mao decided to take measures to avoid these disadvantages in the current military region.
So what better way?
After making a long-term plan, Chairman Mao had an idea in his mind to switch the commanders and political commissars of several major military regions in China.
This avoids the phenomenon of "mountain" due to the long-term failure to replace the commander and political commissar of the military region.
After having such an idea, Chairman Mao also exchanged views with Deng Xiaoping.
As mentioned above, Deng Xiaoping exchanged the teacup placed in front of him and Chairman Mao's teacup, which means changing the leaders of several major military regions. It turned out that Deng Xiaoping had thought of this solution, so Chairman Mao smiled knowingly and told Deng Xiaoping that "heroes have similar views."
In addition to Deng Xiaoping, Chairman Mao also told Premier Zhou, Ye Jianying and others about his thoughts, and everyone agreed. Although I have an idea, what is more important is implementation. Chairman Mao was already old at this time. The commander of the military region no longer allowed him to do such a big deal.
However, the exchange of commanders of the eight military regions is imminent, so he planned to hand over this important task to Deng Xiaoping.
Strategic solution to solve problems
At the meeting, Chairman Mao said: "We are discussing the issue of the army today. The commanders of major military regions need to be transferred. If one person stays in the same place for a long time, it will be good."
Because except for Deng Xiaoping, Premier Zhou, Ye Jianying and others, other leaders participating in the meeting did not know Chairman Mao's plan to transfer the commanders of the military region in advance. After hearing Chairman Mao's words, the leaders of the audience were stunned.
Before he could respond, Chairman Mao led everyone to sing "Hot to Three Disciplines and Eight Points to Pay attention to ".
The loud singing echoed in the venue, and in a trance, I returned to the Yan'an of that year.
Why, at this meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the Chairman led everyone to sing "Three Disciplines and Eight Points of Attention"?
This is Chairman Mao’s good intention, and the lyrics are very clear.
"The first thing is to follow the command of all actions, and only by being consistent in one's pace can one win." Obeying the command of the Party and being consistent in one's pace is placed in the first of the three major disciplines.
Chairman Mao reminds everyone in this relaxed way that the decision to adjust the military region is an order issued by the Party Central Committee and everyone must obey it.
Then, Chairman Mao pointed at Deng Xiaoping with a smile and said to everyone: "I have found a chief of staff for everyone about this matter."
After the following four days of the Politburo meeting, Chairman Mao was already old, but he was still sitting in the venue and worked tirelessly to hold a meeting with everyone. The most important content is to discuss the issue of the exchange of commanders of major military regions.
How to do the ideological work of these military commanders? What is the specific solution for
retuning? How can we avoid the previous drawbacks after
recitation and make this recitation really work?
At the meeting, the members expressed their opinions and opinions on these issues. As the discussion continued to deepen, the members of the conference were unified in their thoughts and the plan for the exchange was basically determined.
Seeing the final meeting results, Chairman Mao was very happy: "Okay, to make the military region and the Party Central Committee step by step, first of all, we must be consistent in the Party Central Committee. I agree with the results of everyone's discussion." Although the plan has been confirmed, the commanders of major military regions are transferred after all, which is related to the management of the national military and is a very important thing. After the meeting ended, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission jointly sent a top-secret notice to the major military regions, ordering the heads of the major military regions to set off for Beijing immediately.
In order to ensure the smooth work, it is also required to keep confidentiality at the end of the notice, and related matters must not be disclosed to others.
When the heads of major military regions received the notice, they were a little confused at first, but as the head of the military region, there was no doubt about their political nature and discipline, and then rushed to Beijing.
On this day, Chairman Mao’s study was very lively.
The members of the Central Political Bureau and commanders of the major military regions gathered together.
Chairman Mao is busy with national affairs and will still go to the army whenever he has time. Each military region also has its own heavy tasks. It is rare to get together like now.
Chairman Mao also said to everyone humorously: "We are together today, and the opportunity is rare."
In everyone's heart, the kindness to Chairman Mao has never changed.
Chairman Mao shook his hand and signaled everyone to sit down.
What everyone did not expect was that when they received the notice to Beijing, they thought there was something urgent and that they should have accepted Chairman Mao’s order after coming to Beijing. However, the atmosphere at the scene was different from what everyone imagined, which made these military leaders suddenly fail to understand why the Chairman called them to Beijing. After
, Chairman Mao began to ask about everyone’s work and life situation, just like a big brother chatting with everyone.
As the conversation progressed, Chairman Mao slowly spoke out the theme of the gathering of everyone this time.
Chairman Mao said earnestly: "It is still necessary to transfer the commanders of the eight military regions. People stay in one place for a long time will be good, which is not conducive to the development of the army. Everyone is doing revolution. Here is a revolution, and when they go there, they are also doing revolution."
Chairman continued: "It is a good thing to transfer, don't make it deserted. You must meet people at all levels of the military region, so that you can do your work."
The leaders of the military region on the scene looked at each other. The chairman saw their concerns. In order to reduce their psychological burden, he encouraged everyone: "You all came from the battlefield. You are not afraid of sacrifice when facing the enemy. Are you still afraid of not being able to adapt to the new environment? We can take it slowly, and I am constantly learning."
Chairman Mao is very smart about the big matter of coordinating the commander of the military region. He has no choice but to issue orders through serious meetings, which makes it easier for everyone to have bad emotions.
Chairman was able to think from the perspective of others and had long thought of the concerns of these military district leaders. He chose to talk about family matters and reason, so that the commanders of these military districts could easily accept the order of exchange.
Finally, Chairman Mao said in his summary speech, "You are all the leaders of the military region and the leaders of the military region. You must be able to go up and down and obey all actions. For your convergence, it is to ensure the party's absolute command of the gun, and at the same time avoid the mountain doctrine." In the summary speech of
, everyone suddenly heard the tone of this work and immediately understood the Chairman's good intentions.
Authoritative
After setting the tone of work for everyone on the first day, it was time to announce the transfer order the next day.
On this day, commanders of major military regions and leaders of the central government came to the venue again.
It is said that something interesting happened in the venue.
Before the transfer order was announced, Chairman Mao asked Wang Hongwen to name the name. It is just a small name, which also contains the wisdom of the Chairman. You can use this to test the attitude of these military commanders.
Wang Hongwen took the list and started to call.
"Xu Shiyou."
There was no response at the scene. Wang Hongwen looked closely and Xu Shiyou looked elsewhere.
Xu Shiyou
This made Wang Hongwen a little at a loss. He turned to look at the chairman and wanted the chairman to help him save the court, but the chairman did not respond.
At this time, Premier Zhou took over the list in Wang Hongwen and named it himself.
"Xu Shiyou!" Premier Zhou's philosophy.
"Come!" Xu Shiyou immediately stood up from the stool and answered in a loud voice.
When I read to other military commanders, my answer was also loud. Wang Hongwen, who was standing aside, understood how could he have shaken these military commanders with his qualifications? But Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou are different. They have been on the road of China's revolution, which is a friendship that can survive and a bond that unites everyone.
After the call, Premier Zhou solemnly announced the order for the military commander to exchange:
Li Desheng of Beijing Military Region
Beijing Military Region Commander Li Desheng and Shenyang Military Region Commander Chen Xilian; Nanjing Military Region Commander Commander Xu Shiyou and Guangzhou Military Region Commander Commander Ding Sheng; Fuzhou Military Region Commander Han Xianchu and Lanzhou Military Region Commander Commander Pi Dingjun; Jinan Military Region Commander Commander Yang Dezhi and Wuhan Military Region Commander Commander Zeng Siyu.
In order to make the transfer work effective, the transfer order also requires that the transfer work must be carried out immediately, and the time limit must not exceed 10 days. The entourage of the military commander who accepts the transfer must be strictly streamlined and cannot exceed 5 people.
When we arrived here, some people couldn't help but ask, at that time, there were 11 military regions across the country. Why were there only 8 of them transferred commanders? Why were the remaining 3 not transferred?
The remaining three military regions 1 are Chengdu Military Region , Kunming Military Region, and Xinjiang Military Region . The commanders of these three military regions have just served for a short time, so they are not within the scope of the exchange.
Postscript
The question raised by Chairman Mao at the beginning was not sudden, but carefully considered. Through the inter-regulation of the eight military regions, the problem of rigidity within the military region has been solved.
References
[1] The 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
[2] Zhenbao Island Event
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-