Empress Xiaoqinxian Yehenara (November 29, 1835 - November 15, 1908), generally referred to as " Cixi ", "Empress Dowager Cixi", and also known as "Empress Dowager Cixi" and "Goddess Lafayette" according to its emblem number. An important political figure in the late Qing Dynasty, the actual ruler of the Qing Dynasty during the Tongzhi period and the Guangxu period, was in charge of the late Qing regime for nearly half a century. Emperor Xianfeng's concubine, biological mother of Emperor Tongzhi .
Entered the palace in 1852 and was given the title of Concubine Lan (some say Concubine Yi), and was promoted to Concubine Yi the following year. In 1856, he was born in the eldest son of the emperor, Aisin Jueluo Zaichun (Emperor Tongzhi), and was promoted to Concubine Yi, and the following year he was promoted to Concubine Yi. After Emperor Xianfeng died in 1861, he was honored with Empress Xiaozhenxian and was called the Empress Dowager Empress Dowager. He was named Cixi. Later, they joined forces with Empress Dowager Ci'an (i.e. Xiaozhen) and Prince Gong , Yi Xin launched the Xinyou coup, killed the eight ministers, seized power, and formed a pattern of "two palaces behind the curtains and princes discussing politics". The Qing government temporarily entered a period of calm, which is known in history as Tongzhi Zhongxing . In 1873, the two empress dowagers returned to power. In 1875, Emperor Tongzhi died, and his nephew Zai Tian was selected to follow the throne of Xianfeng. The two palaces once again ruled the country from behind the curtain. With the death of Empress Dowager Ci'an in 1881 and the removal of Prince Gong in 1884, Cixi began to take over the power. In 1889, he returned to power in Guangxu and retired to the Summer Palace. In 1898, he launched the Wuxu coup, and once again training the government. After the 1900 Gengzi State changed , he implemented the new policy in the late Qing Dynasty and reformed the military and business laws.
In 1908, Emperor Guangxu passed away. Cixi chose the three-year-old Puyi as the new emperor. She was respected as the Empress Dowager from now on. The next day, he died in Yiluan Hall in Beijing and was buried in , Dingdongling .
Historical evaluation:
Once served as the Minister of the Army Minister of the Army Murcha Tieliang Yun Baohui was once said: "Empress Dowager Cixi was sinister and wise. She was able to use both kindness and power to the ministers of Manchu and Han dynasties, and was not inferior to ordinary women."
Zhao Erxun Editor-in-chief " Draft History of Qing ": When Emperor Wenzong was last created, the two empresses Xiaozhen and Xiaoqin took over the political positions, and there were wise kings inside and famous generals outside. They suppressed the disaster and praised the rejuvenation. Unfortunately, Emperor Muzong was born, and Empress Xiaozhen died. Empress Xiaoqin was in power for a long time and left the palace for a while. She regarded the Holy Ancestor as a congratulatory ancestor and held a celebration. She regarded the Holy Ancestor as a congratulatory queen . Emperor Gaozong was not one in ten. However, there were private discussions in the world, and foreign aggression was frequent and disasters were not seen at that time. Unfortunately, the misfortune was inconsistent with Dezong's intentions. Once the stimulus was aroused, the dispute in Wuxu was initiated, and again the stimulus led to the Gengzi rebellion. Later, he was determined to reform the law, fearing the difficulty of heaven's destiny, and observing the disarray of people's hearts, and trying to save them to establish a constitution, all the efforts were carried out at the same time, the government was in a hurry and the people were upset, and the land was not dry, and the country's schools were changed. The rise and fall of a generation depends on the palace. Alas! Isn’t it heaven? Isn’t it heaven?
Eliza Ruham Sidmo said in "China, the Longevity Empire" that a few people who have seen this queen mother describe her as a tall woman with a straight body and beautiful face. She has a pair of hawk eyes and has obvious Tatar characteristics. Her attitude is noble and arrogant, and her voice is unshakable authority and absolute majesty.
Anecdotes and allusions:
The mystery of the name
Folk legends or film and television works, generally called Empress Dowager Cixi Lan'er or Magnolia. Maybe it was because Cixi was the first one to be named "Gui Ren Lan" after entering the palace. Many novel notes mistakenly thought that "Lan'er" was her nickname, but in fact it was not. According to the descendant of the Cixi family, Yehenara Genzheng , Cixi's nickname is actually "Xinger Gu", "Gu" is the usual name for minor women in Manren , and the name " Xinger " is because there were several white apricot trees planted in the courtyard of the family at that time. Therefore, Cixi's grandfather gave her a big name "Xingzhen", the nickname "Xinger", which means "loyalty". As for Emperor Xianfeng’s first title of Miss Xingzhen as Concubine Lan, it was probably because Xianfeng liked magnolia the most, so he gave her such a title to express his love for her. There are also eunuchs in the palace who called Cixi's nickname "Lian'er".
is called "God of Lafayette" in some historical novels , movies and operas, Empress Dowager Cixi is called "God of Lafayette". In fact, the name "Laofu" was not used exclusively for Cixi. The special name of emperors of all dynasties in the Qing Dynasty was "Laofu". The reason why the Qing emperors used the title "Lao Buddha" was because the ancestor of the Manchu of -- Jurchen was first called " Manzhu ". "Manzhu" is the transliteration of the Buddha's name "Manshu", which means "Ba Buddha" and "auspicious". Later, some prominent families were hereditary leaders and named them "Manzhu". After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, the "Manzhu" was translated as "Bao Lord" in Chinese and used it as the special name for the emperor.
And Cixi was able to get the title of "God of Lafayette", which is said to be related to a story. In the early years of Guangxu, Cixi used various means to achieve the second time to rule the country, but she was frightened by some opposition in the court and was unhappy all day long. Confidant eunuch Li Lianying guessed the truth, so he asked someone to build a Buddha behind the main hall of Wanshou Temple. After completion, Li Lianying lied to Cixi that there was auspicious signs of the double Buddhas showing light to Cixi. After Cixi went there, she found that the original Three-Year Buddhas worshipped in the main hall of Wanshou Temple, and she was furious: "It is obviously the original Three-Year Buddhas , where did the double Buddhas show their light?" Li Lianying hurriedly invited her to the back hall to watch. After Cixi slowly turned to the Buddha of the Three Ages, she finally saw Guanyin sitting in the center of the hall. At this time, Li Lianying shouted, "God of the Lady Buddha is here." The others immediately knelt down and shouted, "Welcome to the Lady Buddha!" Cixi pretended to be puzzled and said, "Which Lady Buddha are you welcoming?" Li Lianying and others replied, "It's just to welcome the Empress Dowager, Lord of the Lady Buddha!" Cixi was filled with joy when she said this. Since then, the name of Lord Lafayette has spread throughout the capital from Wanshou Temple, and throughout the country, Cixi called "Empress Dowager Lafayette".
Favorite jewelry
In the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi's gold and silver jewelry were countless. There was such a pair of " Jade Watermelon ", Empress Dowager Cixi's treasure in her hand. According to legend, after Cixi's death, two "evil watermelons" were buried in Cixi's tomb. In 1928, after Sun Dianying robbed the Dongling Mausoleum, these two "watermelons" disappeared.
Empress Dowager Cixi purchased American Tourmaline most of the world-famous Tiffany company, and most of the tourmaline gems were identified by Tiffany's gemologist J.L. Tanlunbom. At that time, the two-color combination unique to jade watermelon was almost only available in San Diego tourmaline mine. So there is no doubt that Empress Dowager Cixi’s emerald watermelon comes from San Diego, USA. The Ibara tourmaline mine located in the Greater Mesa Plain, California, USA was famous in the late 19th century. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, most of the tourmaline mined from the Ibaraya mine was exported to China for the enjoyment of Empress Dowager Cixi's palace. With the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 in , the dynasty's luxury life came to an end. The result was that the tourmaline products of the Ibaraya Mine were unsold because of the failure of the Chinese market, and the mine was forced to close. It was not until December 2012 that the mine was redeveloped.
Listening phonograph
1904 was the 70th birthday of Cixi. Many officials tried every means to prepare gifts. Among them, one of the cabinet phonographs was deeply appreciated by Cixi, which was the world's earliest cabinet phonograph (sample machine) produced by Victor Company in the United States.
Cixi enjoyed all her glory and wealth throughout her life, and her life was ahead of the trend. She also did not miss it in the face of the developed Western industry and took the lead. Photographs, electric lights, rickshaw , and cabinet phonographs are all available. This world's earliest cabinet phonograph is placed in her bedroom, and there are often pleasant melodies. The contents of the record include Chinese songs and foreign waltz dance music.
Liang Cheng was qualified to be a third-rank minister of the Qing Dynasty to go to the United States, Peru, Cuba and other countries from 1903 to early 1908. He was educated in Western culture in his early years and was deeply influenced by Western culture. He liked phonographs very much.In 1904, Victor launched the first batch of samples of cabinet phonographs. Since it was not a commodity machine, only some senior government officials in the United States had the opportunity to use such high-end phonographs. Back then, American officials gave this phonograph to Liang Cheng, and Liang Cheng gave this phonograph to Empress Dowager Cixi as a gift for Empress Dowager Cixi's 70th birthday. After the content of the Sino-Russian Secret Agreement was made public, domestic and foreign public opinion was in an uproar. The people of the whole country were indignant and rebuked the Qing government's treason, which further promoted the in-depth development of the revolutionary movement across the country, while the Qing government was in a very embarrassing situation. Under the pressure of strong public opinion at home and abroad, the Qing government had to give up its plan to sign the Sino-Russian Secret Agreement.
The angry Empress Dowager Cixi ordered the reporter Shen Xi " killing " ". Later, because he was afraid that the execution would affect the "celebration" of Empress Dowager Cixi's birthday, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict: "I will set up a pole to death." On July 31, 1903 (the eighth day of the sixth lunar month), Shen Xi was brutally executed, becoming the first journalist in Chinese history to die.
Source: Biography of historical figures and stories
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