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In 1991, after an old man from Vietnam in China passed away, his ashes were buried in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. At that time, the leaders of the Party and the state also attended the memorial ceremony. He was Huang Wenhuan.
As we all know, there are many revolutionary martyrs buried here, and he is also a high-ranking official who "defected" from Vietnam to our country. He was sentenced to death by the Vietnamese authorities. So why did this old man choose to come to China back then, and what kind of magnificent life did he have?
Huang Wenhuan
"Defected" China
In the summer of 1979, the Chinese Consul in Karachi received a note. After opening it, he was shocked by the content inside. It turned out that the person who wrote the note was not someone else, but Huang Wenhuan, a former Vietnamese leader. His purpose was very simple, and he wanted to go to China.
Consul realized that this matter was of great importance, so he asked Huang Wenhuan to go back to the hotel to rest first. He would arrange everything and send a car to pick him up at 6 pm tomorrow.
Then he reported the matter to Beijing. After knowing it, the Beijing side responded immediately and asked the consulate to do all its efforts to help Huang Wenhuan. The next day, Huang Wenhuan disguised himself from the consulate again, and this time he came to China successfully with the help of the consulate.
After Vietnam discovered that Huang Wenhuan was missing, it immediately searched for his whereabouts. After learning that he was going to China, Vietnam also accused him of "traitoring the country and surrendering to the enemy." Li Duan first arrested all Huang Wenhuan's entourage, and then threatened Huang Wenhuan to return to China by expelling the party.
However, Huang Wenhuan was unmoved. After coming to China, Huang Wenhuan held a press conference and published a "Letter to Compatriots in the Country", explaining the reason why he came to China.
Huang Wenhuan
He first affirmed the friendship between China and Vietnam, and at the same time criticized the ambitions of the Vietnamese authorities, accusing them of encouraging the Vietnamese people to hate China for their ambitions. Such behavior should be condemned.
After that, Huang Wenhuan also published "Vietnamese News" with other Vietnamese patriots, revealing the dark inside story of the Le Duan regime. Its influence was very huge and also affected the Le Duan rule.
This made Li Duan angry and embarrassed. He first removed all Huang Wenhuan's posts in China, and later he was unilaterally sentenced to "death penalty" by the Vietnamese government on June 26, 1980.
But this still had no impact on Huang Wenhuan. He continued to work hard for the friendship between China and Vietnam in China. With Li Duan's death in 1986, his successor, , Long March, , was a pro-China leader.
plus the Soviet Union had already shown signs of collapse at that time, so he turned to establish good relations with China. The tension between China and Vietnam was eased. Huang Wenhuan's son and wife were also allowed to visit him in China and stay for a short time. Huang Wenhuan's efforts finally received rewards.
Huang Wenhuan
Huang Wenhuan came to China not only avoided Li Duan's surveillance, but also saved his own life. As soon as he arrived in Beijing, doctors from Beijing consulted him and found that what he suffered from was not tuberculosis but lung cancer.
At the beginning, the doctor considered that Huang Wenhuan was old, so he used expensive drugs to treat it. The tumor was also controlled and showed signs of shrinking. However, Huang Wenhuan did not want his work to be affected by the condition and took the initiative to propose surgery.
So the central government found Japanese oncology experts and the best doctors in China, and performed a tumor resection surgery for Huang Wenhuan, and the operation was very successful.
After that, the hospital arranged a special person to take care of his daily life. In the end, Huang Wenhuan's lung cancer was cured. He also wrote a poem to thank the Chinese doctors for their efforts.
In 1991, Huang Wenhuan died in Beijing at the age of 86. Before his death, he left his last words, hoping to divide his ashes into two parts, one of which was sprinkled at the source of Honghe , so that he could return to his motherland Vietnam.
Huang Wenhuan
, while the other one stayed in China in some way, thus expressing his gratitude and nostalgia for the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people. In the end, the ashes of this old Chinese friend were buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
So why did Huang Wenhuan have an indissoluble bond with China? All this starts with his life experience!
devoted to the revolution
In modern history, like China, Vietnam has also spent a period of extremely dark years. Unlike China's social and social destiny that became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, Vietnam completely became a French colony.
Huang Wenhuan was born in that dark era. He was born in Nyeon Province in 1905. When he was a child, he often saw the people of Vietnam being bullied by the French.
In Vietnam at that time, many forces were committed to overthrowing the French rule and liberating their own country. Huang Wenhuan came into contact with these ideas when she was very young. Among these forces, the person who has the greatest influence on Huang Wenhuan is undoubtedly Ho Chi Minh .
Huang Wenhuan
Ho Chi Minh was determined to liberate Vietnam in his early years. After coming into contact with Marxist thought, Ho Chi Minh believed that this was the key to leading the liberation of the Vietnamese people.
However, at that time, Ho Chi Minh was weak and it was difficult to organize his own power in Vietnam. In 1924, Ho Chi Minh went to Guangzhou, and at that time he had already joined the French Communist Party .
And by the second year, Ho Chi Minh had also become the leader of Vietnam Communist Party . In order to cultivate more revolutionary talents, he opened a political study class in Guangzhou.
Huang Wenhuan was only 19 years old at the time. After hearing this news, he was extremely excited because he always hoped to follow Ho Chi Minh's footsteps and contribute to the liberation of the country. He immediately made a bold decision, and gave up his studies and traveled alone to Guangzhou.
Although he had heard of Guangzhou before, when he stepped onto the land of Guangzhou, he was still deeply shocked by the scene in front of him. At that time, Guangzhou was the center of the Chinese revolution, where there were countless progressive young people, and the trend of progressive thoughts rose and went up.
Huang Wenhuan
Since then, Huang Wenhuan has fallen in love with China. He knows that coming to China is the right choice, and coming here will be of great help to his future revolutionary cause.
Huang Wenhuan's guess was not wrong. Here he came into contact with the proletarian revolutionary thought. He immediately realized that this was the theory that was more suitable for the Vietnam Revolution. He felt that he was one step closer to realizing his ideal of liberating the motherland.
In the political training class, Huang Wenhuan studied day and night, and his progress was also very obvious. Later, he successfully joined the Vietnam Youth Army Revolutionary Comrades Association.
After joining the Vietnam Youth Army Revolutionary Comrades Association, Huang Wenhuan was sent to Thailand to engage in revolutionary activities, where he performed well and joined the Indochina Communist Party, which later became one of the earliest veterans to follow the Ho Chi Minh Revolution.
, and the fate between him and China did not end. In March 1935, Huang Wenhuan returned to China and engaged in revolutionary activities in Nanjing, Changsha, Kunming and other places, and formed the Vietnam Independence Tongmenghui in Nanjing.
Vietnam
At that time, he was thinking about the future of the Vietnam Revolution. Although he participated in a series of revolutionary activities in China, their power was too weak. It was difficult to defeat the French at that time. While engaged in revolutionary activities in China, he was also arrested by the Kuomintang in 1941 and released the following year.
After that, World War II broke out, and the world situation changed rapidly. After France announced its surrender, Vietnam fell into the hands of the Japanese, the target of the Vietnamese Communist Party's struggle changed, and Ho Chi Minh and others also needed to find a new path to struggle.
In 1942, Ho Chi Minh convened a meeting of Huang Wenhuan and other overseas party members and determined a new revolutionary line. He also left China under Ho Chi Minh's instructions and went to Gao Ping and Lang Son Lang Son areas in northern Vietnam to engage in revolutionary activities.
At this time, Huang Wenhuan had rich revolutionary experience, especially in China's experience allowed him to master advanced revolutionary concepts and knowledge. After returning to Vietnam, he also applied these experiences to the struggle against the Japanese invaders.
The struggle to resist the Japanese invaders in Vietnam was very difficult, but Huang Wenhuan successfully established the Gaoping Liberated Area and the Vietnamese base, making important contributions to Vietnam's war of resistance. And with Japan's unconditional surrender in 1945, the Vietnamese people finally regained their country.
Vietnam
wins victory
After Japan surrendered , on September 12, 1945, Ho Chi Minh grandly read out the Declaration of Independence in Bating Square, Hanoi, and Democratic Republic of Vietnam was officially established.
However, the people of Vietnam were not happy for too long, because with the end of the war, the French regained their targets on this previous colony, and they were unwilling to give up their interests in Vietnam.
In addition, because France's performance in World War II was a bit embarrassing, this former Western power also urgently needed to regain lost confidence from other aspects.
Shortly after Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam's independence, French troops invaded again. After a long struggle with the Japanese army, the Vietnamese government had only tens of thousands of troops left, and its equipment was very backward.
Before the offensive of the French regular army, although the Vietnamese government forces resisted tenaciously, they still could not have the gap in equipment. They could only fight and retreat, and Vietnam's cities were successively occupied by the French.
Vietnam War
Vietnam government forces had no choice but to push them into the mountains and forests and fight guerrilla wars with the French. Although the troops were saved, there was no way to defeat the enemy in this way, and the Vietnam Revolutionary Army was in a desperate situation.
However, in 1949, there was a good news, that is, , the People's Republic of China, was established. Before, Huang Wenhuan had a deep friendship with the Communist Party of China during her stay in China, and they were also happy for the new China.
Less than half a year after the founding of New China, it officially established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Our country is also the first country to establish diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
Although Vietnam is also a socialist country in , the Soviet Union, the eldest brother of the socialist camp in at that time, did not care about Vietnam's liberation war and did not take the initiative to establish diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
Only New China truly cares about its neighbor and friend. Vietnam will also set the day when diplomatic relations with New China as "Diplomatic Victory Day". With the ally of New China, Ho Chi Minh gained confidence, which means that the Vietnamese regime will not collapse because of the French invaders.
Vietnam
At that time, the new China also provided a lot of help to Vietnam. Huang Wenhuan had been in China for a long time before, and could speak fluent Chinese and was familiar with China, so he was chosen by Ho Chi Minh as the Vietnamese representative to China.
However, he had never been exposed to diplomatic work before. At the beginning, he was not familiar with many jobs. It happened that New China held a training class to train the first batch of ambassadors to foreign countries.
Huang Wenhuan also joined the training class after Premier Zhou’s consent. But at that time, he did not use his real name to participate in the training, but joined the training as the returned overseas Chinese "Lao Cai".
At the end of 1950, he was also appointed as the ambassador of special and plenipotentiary to China. He also performed very well in this position, and China and Vietnam maintained good relations.
At that time, China also provided a large amount of assistance to Vietnam, including not only about US$20 billion worth of supplies, but also sent some generals to guide and train Vietnam's troops. The final liberation of Vietnam laid the foundation.
Vietnam
Later, the Vietnamese army defeated the French army under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, but the Americans mixed up with their own interests and split Vietnam into two regimes in the north and south.
In order to help Vietnam fight against the US military, our country sent air defense forces and engineering forces into North Korea. The air defense forces shot down several US fighter jets, and the engineering forces also helped Vietnam build a large number of roads, bridges and other infrastructure.
Finally, with the efforts of Vietnamese military and civilians, it finally officially announced independence in 1975, and the dream that Huang Wenhuan pursued throughout her life was finally realized. But what he didn't know was that the liberation of Vietnam was the beginning of a nightmare for him, and he even had to leave his motherland.
was excluded
The most critical figure in the process of liberating Vietnam was undoubtedly Ho Chi Minh, who was also regarded as the founding father of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh himself has a very close relationship with China. When he was a child, he learned Chinese under the influence of the scholar's father.
He not only knows how to write Chinese characters, but also expresses Chinese very fluently. He even has a hobby of writing poetry in his daily life. Later, during the revolution, he also fought side by side with the Communist Party of China.
Vietnam
Under his influence, in the early days of the founding of New China, Vietnam and China were always very close. However, at that time, not all the pro-China factions within the Vietnamese Communist Party were pro-Soviet factions.
Among them, the pro-China faction was naturally led by Ho Chi Minh, and Huang Wenhuan, who had a deep affection for China, was also the backbone of the pro-China faction. In the early days of the Communist Party of Vietnam, due to geographical reasons, there were only pro-China factions in the party.
The pro-Soviet faction only appeared after Geneva Conference , because before that the Soviet Union's attitude towards Vietnam was very cold, and with the Geneva Conference splitting the entire Vietnam into two, only the northern part of Vietnam was completely liberated.
Some people in southern Vietnam feel that this is a situation caused by China for its own interests, and they believe that Vietnam's interests have been damaged.
Therefore, these people were hostile to China and turned to getting close to the Soviet Union. Therefore, the pro-Soviet faction personnel within the Communist Party of Vietnam were mainly from southern Vietnam, and Li Duan was the core personnel of the pro-Soviet faction at that time.
Vietnam independence
Before Ho Chi Minh passed away, the pro-China faction had always had an absolute advantage within the Vietnamese Communist Party. Moreover, because in the early days of the founding of New China, it had maintained relatively good relations with the Soviet Union, so there were not many differences between the pro-China faction and the pro-Soviet faction.
However, after Ho Chi Minh's death in 1969, Li Duan became the supreme leader of Vietnam as the first secretary. Vietnam also achieved unity under his leadership, and Li Duan's reputation within the party reached its peak.
At that time, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union was in a bad state, and Vietnam had to get along with both countries, and the conflict between the pro-China faction and the pro-Soviet faction gradually became prominent.
As Wu Yuanjia was removed from military power due to the failure of Easter offensive in 1972, the influence of the pro-China faction in the Vietnamese army also declined, and then Li Duan also began to exclude the pro-China faction.
Huang Wenhuan was squeezed out of the Central Committee at the Four National Congresses in 1976, and the main positions of the Communist Party of Vietnam were all replaced by Li Duan's confidant.
Vietnam's independence
At this time, the Soviet Union intended to win over Vietnam to deal with China, thus forming a force of attack from the north and the south. Vietnamese leaders such as Le Duan believe that a strong Soviet Union can bring greater help to Vietnam.
therefore ignored the numerous aids provided by China to Vietnam and publicly opposed China. At the same time, Le Duan, who was ambitious, also tried to implement the "Indochina Federal Plan", which not only occupied Laos , but also sent troops to invade Cambodia .
In the face of Vietnam's provocation, our country launched the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam in 1979. The People's Liberation Army took less than a month to attack near , but because this time it was just a counterattack, the People's Liberation Army did not drive in, but retreated to the country near Hanoi.
However, when our army retreated, it destroyed a large amount of infrastructure in northern Vietnam and took away the materials that had previously aided Vietnam, causing heavy losses to Vietnam.
Originally, Huang Wenhuan hoped that this defeat would wake Li Duan, but Li Duan regarded it as a shame and thought about how to take revenge all day long.His approach made the old revolutionaries of the pro-China faction heartbroken.
Counterattack against Vietnam
and Li Duan also began to further undermine their power. At that time, Huang Wenhuan not only lost his real power, but also lost his position in a large-scale meeting in Vietnam. Li Duan even installed a wiretap machine at his home.
Huang Wenhuan realized that he could no longer stay in Vietnam, so he began to plan how to escape from his motherland, and his destination was also clear, that is, China, which he regarded as his second hometown.
However, at that time he was closely monitored by Li Duan's secret whistle, and it was very difficult to escape from Vietnam. But soon he waited for a good opportunity. In the summer of 1979, Huang Wenhuan, who was already 74 years old, had a continuous fever and was then sent to a hospital in Hanoi.
After examining him, the doctor diagnosed him with tuberculosis. Due to the medical conditions in Vietnam at that time, they were not sure about curing the disease, so they suggested that Huang Wenhuan go to East Germany to continue treatment.
Hearing this news Huang Wenhuan realized that his chance to escape from Vietnam had finally come, and he also began to plan how to escape to China. At that time, Vietnam had no planes to go directly to East Germany, and the plane needed to stay in Karachi, Pakistan, , Pakistan, .
Counterattack against Vietnam
Pakistan has always been China's best friend. Huang Wenhuan knew very well that escaping to China from there was the best choice. After arriving in Karachi, Huang Wenhuan found the staff accompanying him.
told them that their bodies could not withstand long flights. The previous flight made him feel very uncomfortable, so he asked not to fly to East Germany immediately, but to stay in Karachi for a few days to rest.
Although Huang Wenhuan was already undermined at that time, he was a veteran of the party after all. Everyone was worried that something was really unexpected in his body, so they agreed to his request.
Then he was taken to the hotel to rest. After the accompanying doctor had a check on his body, he told him to have a good rest, but after the doctor left the room, Huang Wenhuan immediately started to act.
He disguised himself as he was not careful, and then sneaked out of the hotel while others were not paying attention. After leaving the hotel, he immediately stopped a taxi and headed to the Chinese Consulate.
Counterattack against Vietnam
Unfortunately, the Chinese consulate was not open that day. Huang Wenhuan knew that he could not miss this opportunity, so he knocked on the door of the consulate, which led to a series of follow-ups in China.
Although once regarded as a "traitor" by the Vietnamese, Huang Wenhuan spent her whole life working hard for the Vietnamese people to live a happy life. Everything he did was actually for his motherland to be stronger.
Even when faced with criticism, he did not change his original intention. This spirit is worth learning from. When facing a choice, he did not forget China's kindness to Vietnam because of his interests. He also used his actions to maintain the friendship between China and Vietnam. Such revolutionary martyrs deserve our respect and remembering.
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