In 1982, Chiang Ching-kuo in Taiwan received a letter sent to him from the mainland.
The person who wrote the letter recalled the time when the two of them lived together in the tone of an elder brother, and told Jiang Ching-kuo earnestly in the letter: A thousand years of meritorious deeds are tied to one thought. Let him uphold Mr. Sun Yat-sen's philosophy and take the reunification of the motherland as his thought. Make good historical choices.
The letter was not long, but it contained profound meaning and brilliant literary talent. After reading it, Jiang Ching-kuo was silent for a long time and said four words with emotion: I was moved by it.
The person who wrote the letter is called Liao Chengzhi. He is the only son of Kuomintang veteran Liao Zhongkai. He was originally a member of the Kuomintang. Later he came to Yan'an and was affectionately called "the treasure of the party" by Chairman Mao.
Why did the son of a Kuomintang veteran go to Yan'an?
一 Disappointed to leave the Kuomintang
Liao Chengzhi's departure from the Kuomintang is inseparable from Chiang Kai-shek .
In 1905, when Dr. Sun Yat-sen established the China Alliance in Japan, Liao Chengzhi's father, Liao Zhongkai, and mother, He Xiangning, were the earliest members of the Alliance.
Since joining the Tongmenghui, Liao Zhongkai and his wife have been staunch supporters of Sun Yat-sen. From the establishment of the new government in the " Revolution of 1911" to the "Second Revolution" and the " Legal Protection Movement" crusade against Yuan Shikai, they have followed him. Next to Sun Yat-sen.
In addition to firmly following Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary work, Liao Zhongkai and his wife strongly supported all progressive movements in the country. They also explicitly praised the "May Fourth Movement".
After the birth of the Communist Party of China, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were able to achieve the first cooperation, thanks to the contribution of Liao Zhongkai and his wife.
It was also at that time that the couple met many comrades in the Communist Party. It was also at that time that 16-year-old Liao Chengzhi met Zhou Enlai.
At the National Congress of the Kuomintang held in 1924, Mao Zedong attended the meeting as a representative of Hunan Province, and He Xiangning, as a women's representative designated by Sun Yat-sen, also attended the meeting.
Because of that meeting, He Xiangning also noticed this outstanding youngster from Hunan. After
, He Xiangning also launched the women's movement in Guangzhou with the help of CCP members Cai Chang and Deng Yingchao, and trained a large number of women cadres and women's movement talents for future revolutionary work.
During this period, due to work relationships, He Xiangning also formed a deep friendship with Deng Yingchao and other party members. After Liao Zhongkai was assassinated, Deng Yingchao immediately rushed to comfort and take care of He Xiangning.
However, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party did not last long. After the death of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the Kuomintang split into two factions: the left and the right.
The "rightists" headed by Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei betrayed Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party, and support of farmers and workers" and attempted to seize power.
As a representative of the "left", Liao Zhongkai not only has a high prestige within the Kuomintang, but also adheres to the "three major policies" and naturally becomes a thorn in the flesh of the "right".
In August 1925, news came out within the Kuomintang that someone wanted to harm Liao Zhongkai.
After hearing the news, Liao Zhongkai himself said that he had put his personal life and death aside. He Xiangning advised him to bring more guards, but he said: Life and death are up to him, and I can never relax a step in the revolution.
html On the morning of August 20, Liao Zhongkai was assassinated in front of the gate of the Kuomintang Central Party Headquarters in Guangzhou and died immediately.After Liao Zhongkai's death, although the "right wing" of the Kuomintang tried to use Liao Zhongkai's death to attack the forces of the other party, He Xiangning was still there, and Liao Zhongkai's influence within the Kuomintang was also there.
After finishing her husband's funeral, He Xiangning wiped away her tears and used her own strength to contact other "leftists" to continue her struggle against Chiang Kai-shek and others.
With their persistence and efforts, the Third Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang in March 1927 passed a resolution that the policy of " Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" remained unchanged, and Chiang Kai-shek's power was also restricted.
Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei simply refused to do anything and launched the "April 12" and "July 15" counter-revolutionary coups, massacred Communist members, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party also collapsed.
After the "April 12" coup occurred, He Xiangning immediately gave a speech in Hankou , accusing Chiang Kai-shek's behavior and calling on everyone to attack the counterrevolutionaries.
Moreover, when Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Meiling held their wedding, He Xiangning not only refused their request to be a witness, but also refused to attend their wedding.
He Xiangning firmly told the visitor: She will never associate with the thieves.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was so angry that his teeth ached, he could do nothing to deal with He Xiangning, who had a high prestige within the Kuomintang.
In addition to "singing the opposite tune" with Chiang Kai-shek, He Xiangning also actively helped the Communists avoid danger and left, and provided them with various kinds of assistance.
When Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution, Liao Chengzhi had already joined the Kuomintang. After the news came, he angrily tore up his Kuomintang membership card, and then went to Japan to study with his sister Liao Mengxing under the arrangement of his mother.
sent away the siblings, and He Xiangning, who was extremely disappointed with the Kuomintang, also resigned from all her posts and lived in seclusion to concentrate on painting.
She and Liao Zhongkai’s only son, Liao Chengzhi, joined the Chinese Communist Party the first year after going to Japan.
2 The "baby in the party" asked Chairman Mao to write a letter home
After Liao Chengzhi and his sister were sent to Waseda University in Japan by their mother, he participated in the activities of the Communist Party of China and joined the Communist Party of China in August of the next year.
The only son of a former Kuomintang veteran has now changed his stance and become a Communist Party member.
A few months after studying in Japan, Liao Chengzhi was arrested by the Japanese three times for participating in revolutionary activities, and was later expelled from Japan.
After returning to China, Liao Chengzhi was sent to Germany by the party organization to lead a political movement. He Xiangning also went to Paris, France from China, where she made a living by selling paintings, and her life was very difficult.
After Liao Chengzhi heard about it, he immediately took his mother to Berlin to live together. Here He Xiangning unexpectedly reunited with Sun Yat-sen's widow Soong Ching Ling . Because of the same political ideas and experiences, the two supported each other and forged a deep relationship. .
After the news of the September 18th Incident reached Berlin, Song Qingling and He Xiangning immediately rushed back to Shanghai to join the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement.
He Xiangning returned to China, and Liao Chengzhi also rushed back to China to serve as the propaganda minister of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, using his expertise and influence to continue working for the party.
However, just two weeks after Liao Chengzhi returned to China, he was arrested by the Kuomintang and imprisoned in the French Concession in Shanghai.
After hearing the news, He Xiangning immediately expressed that she would go to jail with her son and asked the Kuomintang authorities to transfer Liao Chengzhi from the concession to the "Chinese Community".
In order to rescue her son, He Xiangning broke into the Shanghai Municipal Government of the Kuomintang and asked Shanghai Mayor Wu Tiecheng to release Liao Chengzhi.
Song Qingling, Liu Yazi, Jing Hengyi (a modern educator who later became Liao Chengzhi's father-in-law) and others also supported He Xiangning. Under their pressure, Wu Tiecheng could only release Liao Chengzhi.
After Liao Chengzhi was released from prison, under the arrangement of the Party Central Committee, he left his original job, joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and served in the Fourth Red Army.
During the Red Army Long March, Liao Chengzhi was labeled a "secret agent" by Zhang Guotao because he opposed Zhang Guotao's "leftist" mistakes and was escorted across the snow-capped mountains and grasslands.
Had he not met Zhou Enlai when the divisions were joining forces in Huining, Gansu, Liao Chengzhi would most likely have been "shot" by Zhang Guotao on the way.
After being rescued by Zhou Enlai, Liao Chengzhi was called "the treasure of the party" by Chairman Mao because he was proficient in Japanese, English, German, French and other languages. As soon as
arrived in Yan'an, Liao Chengzhi was entrusted with the important task of serving as the telegram translator for the Red China News Agency (the predecessor of Xinhua News Agency ).
At that time, he had to sort out international news every day, translate it into Chinese materials, and provide reference to central leaders.
Chairman Mao often came to Liao Chengzhi around 11 to 12 o'clock in the evening to learn about the day's foreign news. Every time he came, he would sit for an hour or two, discussing work and gossiping with Liao Chengzhi.
Chairman Mao also liked this young man who was still strong despite going through many hardships. Coupled with having parents like Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning, he had a high opinion of Liao Chengzhi.
After the Party Central Committee moved to Yan'an, Liao Chengzhi served as secretary of the Central Party Newspaper Committee, responsible for intra-party propaganda work.
Liao Chengzhi worked for the party in Yan'an. His mother He Xiangning and Song Qingling and others also actively publicized, calling on everyone to unite to resist Japan and oppose civil war.
When the democrats Shen Junru and Zou Taofen were arrested and imprisoned, He Xiangning actively campaigned for them and launched the "Save the Nation from Prison Movement" with Soong Ching Ling.
Chairman Mao also admired the behavior of these two women very much. He once wrote to He Xiangning, praising He Xiangning as a "first-class person" who inherited Sun Yat-sen's tradition.
He Xiangning was also very happy for Chairman Mao's praise. When she replied to the letter, she specially sent a set of fine Hu pen , and also sent a collection of her paintings and a collection of words, and packed a full Big bag.
When Liao Chengzhi was released from prison in Shanghai and went to the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area, he left quietly and only left a letter to Liu Yazi explaining the situation. Therefore, although He Xiangning was worried about his subsequent situation, there was no accurate information.
Chairman Mao knew that He Xiangning was concerned about his son. After receiving the reply, he had someone call Liao Chengzhi to the cave where he was.
After Liao Chengzhi arrived, the chairman cordially greeted him to see what He Xiangning sent, and told Liao Chengzhi that he had written a reply and was going to ask someone to take it back to Shanghai, and asked Liao Chengzhi to also write a reply so that He Xiangning could know his current situation. .
Liao Chengzhi nodded and agreed, but when he turned around, he saw that the Chairman's reply had been written and was waiting to be sent. He was afraid of delaying Chairman Mao's time, so he asked Chairman Mao to put a note on the letter for him.
So Liao Chengzhi said to Chairman Mao: Chairman, just bring me a stroke. If you write one sentence, it will be more powerful than I can write a hundred sentences. My mother has always believed in you. Chairman
smiled heartily and joked that Liao Chengzhi was lazy, saying that he had to pay for ghostwriting. In fact, he had already written down Liao Chengzhi's current situation in the letter.
Chairman Mao then picked up an envelope and motioned to Liao Chengzhi to pack the letter. Liao Chengzhi naturally understood. While packing the letter, he answered Chairman Mao that when he was paid his salary, he would definitely buy peanuts to treat the Chairman's guests.
The two chatted for a few more words and then went about their business.
Not long after, Liao Chengzhi received a new appointment and went to Hong Kong to serve as the director of the Eighth Route Army Office, and also served as a member of the Southern Working Committee of the Communist Party of China.
He Xiangning was also busy working hard for the Anti-Japanese War and women's work at this time, promoting the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The mother and son were still far apart.
3 Calling on Chiang Ching-kuo to reopen cross-strait dialogue
In October 1937, Chairman Mao once again invited Liao Chengzhi to his residence and told him that due to the current shortage of anti-war materials, it was necessary to mobilize overseas Chinese to raise donations.
The items donated by overseas Chinese needed a suitable person to be responsible for receiving and transporting them. Zhou Enlai recommended Liao Chengzhi, and he thought it was suitable, so he specially called Liao Chengzhi to entrust the work.
After receiving Chairman Mao's instructions, Liao Chengzhi came to Hong Kong to set up the Eighth Route Army Office, and together with his sisters Liao Mengxing, Li Shaoshi and Pan Hannian, they took on the task of transporting anti-Japanese supplies.
In 1938, He Xiangning moved to Hong Kong and also raised funds for the Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army.
In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, Hong Kong was in danger. There were still many patriots in Hong Kong at that time, including Song Qingling, He Xiangning, Liu Yazi, Zou Taofen and others.
For their safety, in early 1942, Liao Chengzhi contacted the heads of the Dongjiang guerrillas and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. In less than 5 months, he not only safely transferred more than 800 patriots, cultural elites and CCP cadres, and also assisted more than 2,000 patriotic young people and international friends.
However, due to the traitor's informant, after completing the transfer task, Liao Chengzhi was arrested by the Kuomintang in Shaoguan, Guangdong.
In prison, the Kuomintang agents initially tried to win him over and used a "honey trap" on him. However, after seeing that the plot had no way to work, they changed their faces and subjected him to inhuman abuse.
Liao Chengzhi never gave in. Although he was ready to sacrifice, he never lost confidence. He still used a rare bit of paper to write poems and paintings in prison, and said goodbye to his mother and beloved wife.
In order to rescue Liao Chengzhi, Zhou Enlai teamed up with the revolutionary veteran Dong Biwu and wrote to Sun Yat-sen's son Sun Ke, hoping that he could help mediate and rescue Liao Chengzhi.
He Xiangning also joined forces with democrats such as Song Qingling to put pressure on the Kuomintang. Because of the special nature of Liao Chengzhi's identity, Chiang Kai-shek did not dare to act rashly for a while and could only imprison him for a long time.
Before the Chongqing negotiations in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered Liao Chengzhi to be escorted to Chongqing. After he met Liao Chengzhi, he wanted to win over Liao Chengzhi as "Shibo" and hoped that Liao Chengzhi would do things for him. After
was rejected, Chiang Kai-shek threatened Liao Chengzhi, hoping that he would not regret it. Then he waved his hand and had Liao Chengzhi imprisoned in the Sino-US Cooperation Center in Geleshan .
After being rejected by Liao Chengzhi, Chiang Kai-shek had thoughts of murder. However, the Chinese Communist Party repeatedly asked Chiang Kai-shek to release political prisoners based on the content of the " Double Ten Agreement". Soong Ching Ling and He Xiangning also repeatedly put pressure on Chiang Kai-shek, and finally forced Chiang Kai-shek to release them. Liao Chengzhi.
In January 1946, Liao Chengzhi was finally released. After he was released from prison, he immediately went to work and returned to Yan'an to serve as the president of Xinhua News Agency. Later, he followed the People's Liberation Army and witnessed the birth of New China.
After the founding of New China, patriots such as Soong Ching Ling and He Xiangning received courtesy from the New China. Liao Chengzhi was also personally appointed by Premier Zhou to be responsible for the united front and diplomatic work.
In July 1982, Deng Yingchao, who was in charge of Taiwan affairs, saw Chiang Ching-kuo's article in memory of Chiang Kai-shek. She felt Chiang Ching-kuo's attachment to his hometown in mainland China in the article. Combined with Marshal Ye Jianying's " Letter to Taiwan Compatriots" written by Marshal Ye Jianying the previous year, she Decide on your own and ask Liao Chengzhi to write a letter to Chiang Ching-kuo.
When the Kuomintang was first founded, the Liao family had a close relationship with the Chiang family. When Chiang Kai-shek "persuaded" Liao Chengzhi to surrender, he regarded himself as "uncle". Liao Chengzhi and Chiang Ching-kuo had previously lived and studied together at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University.
Therefore, in the name of Liao Chengzhi, it is most appropriate to show affection and reason to Chiang Ching-kuo.
"A letter from home is worth ten thousand dollars." This letter, which begins with "ordinary family members," spans both sides of the Taiwan Strait and vividly expresses the mainland's goodwill towards Taiwan.
Although Soong Meiling was still very tenacious when replying to Chiang Ching-kuo's letter, this "letter from home" also stirred up the long-frozen cross-strait relations and laid the foundation for the resumption of dialogue between the two sides in the future.
Conclusion:
In June 1983, Liao Chengzhi died of illness in Beijing at the age of 75.
Four years after his death, Chiang Ching-kuo finally announced the lifting of martial law and lifted the ban on visiting relatives in Taiwan from the mainland. Relatives on both sides of the Taiwan Strait who had been separated for more than 40 years could finally enjoy the taste of reunion.
References:
1. Wang Huaizhou. Liao Chengzhi in Yan'an [J]. New West (Theoretical Edition), 2014(01):75+73.
2. Zong Daoyi. Zhou Enlai's "Three Steps to Liberate" Liao Chengzhi [J] .Centennial Tide, 2012(05):31-35.DOI:10.16624/j.cnki.11-3844/d.2012.05.018.
3.Yu Jizeng.The legendary life of Liao Chengzhi[J].Extensive collection of party history (Documentary), 2006(10):27-33.
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