Historically, it was customary to call them the Jurchens . The Jurchens were brave and good at fighting. They destroyed the Liao Kingdom and destroyed the capital of the Song Dynasty. They were so high-spirited that people at the time gave them this almost mythical evaluation: The Jurchens are not satisfied with ten thousand people. is invincible.
Like the fate of all feudal dynasties, they ultimately failed to get out of the vicious cycle of rise and fall.
The descendants of the Jurchens, and the civil and military ministers who followed Emperor Fulin at this time all harbored a great ideal, that is, to let the Aixinjueluo family be passed down for generations to come.
People who had this idea in history include the founder of the Qin Empire Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng.
There was Han Gaozu Liu Bang, who carried the three-foot sword and brought peace to the world.
There is also Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, who grew up in poverty and laid the foundation of the Ming Dynasty for nearly three hundred years.
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However, there is a strange phenomenon in history. Just like the moon, it always suffers losses after it is full. This is the objective law of nature. Unless manpower conforms to the laws of nature, once it goes against the laws, it will There will be resistance.
The history of breaking into Guandong
The Qing Dynasty was not immune. In order to consolidate the foundation of their ancestors and prevent Shanhaiguan from being contaminated by Han culture, they ordered the sealing of the pass.
The majestic Shanhaiguan stands in the land of Liaodong. The traces left on the city wall in the past years seem to tell the past years.
From then on, information was cut off from civil society inside and outside the country. At first, this policy did not cause large-scale adverse reactions. After all, the Jurchens ruled the country outside the Great Wall, and all Han people lived within Shanhaiguan.
Based on the changes in time and conditions, the policies in the early years of the Qing Dynasty are no longer in line with historical development. The number of people in Shandong and Hebei has increased explosively, and cultivated land has been developed to the limit.
At the same time, the dams in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River frequently burst, leaving the people in Shandong without enough to eat. No one is more tenacious than the Shandong people. They chose to take risks and began a long and arduous journey to "cross the Guandong".
Guandong originally refers to the place east of Hangu Pass. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin State was located to the west of Hangu Pass, and the other six countries were located to the east of Hangu Pass. Therefore, titles such as "Shandong" and "Shanxi" appeared for the first time.
However, the reference here is different from today. It does not yet have a political concept, but only a geographical concept.
Questions raised by the TV series "Crossing the Guandong"
During the founding of the Qing Dynasty, Hangu Pass, a strategic fortress that originally belonged to the Warring States period , has long lost its original significance, and Shanhaiguan has become an unparalleled place thousands of miles away.
Therefore, "breaking through the Guandong" in the history of the Qing Dynasty refers to breaking through Shanhaiguan and going to the vast Northeast to make a living.
Since the TV series "Crossing Guandong" became popular, everyone has raised a series of questions surrounding "Crossing Guandong".
Someone asked: "There is no more wealth than Jiangnan, so why don't people come to the Jiangnan area? There have been many large-scale immigrants in history, which have always moved the economic center of gravity southward, such as the southward migration of clothes during the and Jin periods."
The question starts from history After the incident started, and finally returned to the problem stage before the incident, people with historical knowledge will ask: "It is true, Suhu is familiar with it, and the world is sufficient. Isn't the south more suitable for making a living? "
Just like today, young people are eager to To witness prosperity, people have to go to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to take root. There are many people who are determined to work in remote areas, but we have to admit that they are a minority among the crowd.
In fact, the key to the answer lies in the question itself. China's economic center of gravity has always been in the north, so it was first said that whoever wins the Central Plains will win the world. Later, as the war in the north continued to escalate.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the economic center of gravity gradually began to shift southward. However, this shift was not completed in an instant, but took a long time to complete over several generations.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, the Northern Dynasties were in a mess after being trampled by Wu Hu. Although Emperor Xiaowen experienced a period of peace after reform, compared with the south, the north was reversing the course of history.
The dynasty changes in the Southern Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were limited to the seizure of power by the upper class and had little impact on the lives of the people.
A large number of northern people migrated southward, and finally completed the southward shift of the economic center during the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Qing Dynasty, the south was densely populated. Shandong people went to the south to seek life. The first thing they had to do was to have enough brains. The south was famous for doing business, while Shandong people were known for being simple and unpretentious. There were very few people who were good at doing business.
Going to the south to make a living is tantamount to cutting off one's own path. Some people say: "You can go to the south to reclaim wasteland!"
The south is dominated by hilly areas. In order to increase food production, they even filled in lakes and created land, making the 800-mile Dongting Lake It has shrunk to the second largest lake in the country.
The land power has been exploited to its limit. The next step is to increase income through the circulation of commodities and currency.
Northeastern Land
At this time, due to the influence of the policies of the early Qing Dynasty, a large amount of black land in the Northeast was idle without an owner. If one could reach the Northeast, plant a piece of crops, and feed the whole family would not be a problem.
This is the case for Zhu Kaishan's family in the TV series "Crossing Guandong". He was very courageous. He first joined the Boxer Rebellion to kill foreigners, and later left his hometown under the strangulation of Chinese and foreign joint forces.
The vast northeastern land is not only rich in land resources, but also has wild ginseng, deer antlers and other expensive luxury goods, as well as several gold mines.
What this land needs is a hero with extraordinary courage. Zhu Kaishan blazed a trail, built a house on the black soil, purchased fertile land, and the family lived happily together.
However, there are unforeseen circumstances, just as the ending song of the TV series sings: Where is the wanderer's home? Looking back, his hometown is far away, and looking up, the road ahead is still unclear.
They longed to settle down, but unfortunately in troubled times, how could a speck of dust influence the flow of the tide? They had no choice but to move again, to Qiqihaha and Harbin. The family also followed their own life trajectories, and some joined the army. , some inherited their ancestral heritage...
This is one of the largest immigration waves in Chinese history. It is also known as the three major immigration movements along with Going to Nanyang and Going to the West Exit .
These security measures are a spontaneous movement among the people. In order to survive, they can only give up the land that their ancestors have protected for generations. For the Chinese who like to settle down and relocate, this choice is nothing short of painful.
But as the most tenacious nation in the world, we can take root in any difficult land and tell the world: There is a group of people living here with a culture of five thousand years, and they are called Chinese.
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