One article to understand the history of the warlords of the Republic of China: different historical stages, different warlords

The term "Beiyang" has existed in the Chinese political arena for nearly 60 years, but it will always exist in the long river of Chinese history. A piece of modern Chinese history has a constant relationship with Beiyang, from Beiyang minister to Beiyang navy to Beiyang warlord. During this period, it was full of ZTE and decline, unity and division, revolution and royalist, republic and constitution, loyalty and betrayal. This is an era of blazing flames, an era of heroes, and the most intense ideological collision in China's thousands of years of history. Therefore, this period of history also appears to be particularly chaotic and complicated.

is specific to the Beiyang warlord in order to understand, we simply divided several historical stages:

The first stage is the formation of the Beiyang warlord (1911-1916, the Xinhai Revolution to Yuan Shikai’s death);

The second stage was the warlord melee (1916-1926, Yuan Shikai died to the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army);

The third stage was the Northern Expedition (1926-1928, the Northern Expedition to the Northeast to change flag).

北洋五色旗

1. The formation of the Beiyang warlord (1911-1916)

Things need to start from the Jiawu year .

In 1894, the Qing Dynasty was defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and the ruling and opposition parties shook. What should I do if I get beaten if I fall behind? Everyone agreed that the military should be modernized. So it was completely Westernized, and Yuan Shikai presided over the start of small station training. In 1901, Yuan Shikai took over as Minister of the Northern Oceans and formed six Beiyang towns, and the Beiyang Army (not a warlord at this time) began to form. There are more than 70,000 people in the six towns, and they are elite army troops of the Qing Dynasty.

In that era, the word "Beiyang" was simply the representative of advanced productivity and the development direction of advanced culture. Later, Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang, Cao Kun, and Wu Peifu, who dominated the Chinese political scene, were all born in Beiyang Six Towns.

Cixi died in 1908, and the regent Zaifeng drove Yuan Shikai back to his hometown. Zaifeng grew up walking around the streets and was suddenly caught to rule a large country, just like an old farmer being pushed into the cockpit of a Boeing airplane. After all the fooling around, by 1911, clear eyes would be over.

The Wuchang Uprising in October 1911 was successful (Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others didn't know it beforehand), and Li Yuanhong, the leader of the Qing army, was pulled out of the bed to become the captain of the uprising. All provinces have responded independently. In desperation, the Qing government re-appointed Yuan Shikai as the prime minister of the cabinet, with full military and political power.

From the map, it seems that the Revolutionary Party’s territory is larger than the territory controlled by the Qing court. However, regardless of military or political strength, Yuan Shikai is much stronger than the Southern Revolutionary Party. As long as Yuan Shikai is willing, he can completely defeat the revolutionary army and become the benefactor of the Qing Dynasty reconstruction.

But Yuan Shikai has greater ambitions. The revolutionaries gave Yuan a private promise that if Yuan Yuan made an effort to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, he would be the first president of the Republic.

On December 15, 1911, Sun Yat-sen returned to China. On January 1, 1912, he announced the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and became the first interim president. Then, on January 22, it was announced to the whole country that as long as Yuan Shikai facilitated the abdication of the Qing emperor, my Sun Wen would resign as the president immediately and let your old Yuan do it.

Then it will be easy. The Beiyang generals (led by Duan Qirui) jointly generated electricity and asked the Qing emperor to abdicate. The elders expressed their desire to "take the lead of the whole army to enter Beijing in the near future, with the princes and princes", and the little emperor and his mother trembled with fright.

On February 12, the Empress Dowager Longyu issued an abdication edict; on the 13th, Sun Yat-sen resigned as president and recommended Yuan Shikai to take over; on March 10, Yuan Shikai was sworn in as interim president.

The revolutionary party thought about it and worked hard to fight against the Qing Dynasty. As a result, Yuan was cheap, and he became a fool. The more I think about it, the less it feels (in fact, based on the strength of the Revolutionary Army and the Beiyang Army at the time, it is not easy to overthrow the Qing court). Fortunately, now that there is a democratic republic, let's use the votes to compete with Lao Yuan. However, scholars can't handle warlords after all.

In 1913, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, reorganized the League and established the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang won more than half of the seats in the parliamentary elections. SongJiaoren was happily going to form a cabinet as prime minister, but he was assassinated at Shanghai Railway Station in March. Although it is still unclear who is behind the scenes, Sun Yat-sen insisted that it was Yuan Datou who did it. If nothing else, it would require a second revolution.

The second revolution failed, Sun Yat-sen and others were forced to flee to Japan. Many provinces controlled by the Southern Revolutionary Party were quickly captured by the Northern Army.

On December 12, 1915, Yuan Shikai became the emperor under the persuasion of "raging public opinion". 1916 is the first year of Hong Xian. As a result, Lao Yuan went overboard. In fact, even if Lao Yuan has been the president for a century, his historical evaluation is very positive. Now everyone is betrayed. Cai E and others initiated the National Protection Movement and entered Sichuan, Tang Jiyao (Yunnan warlord) entered Hunan, and Li Liejun (the governor of Jiangxi during the Xinhai period, revolutionary veteran, and was driven away by the Beiyang Army during the Second Revolution) entered Guangxi. The Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting has both ends of the rat.

The old Yuan sent Cao Kun led Beiyang elites into Hunan and Sichuan to fight against the National Guard Army. Many generals in the Beiyang Army did not understand that Marshal Yuan was proclaimed emperor (Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang disapproved, so let Cao Kun lead the troops this time), and the soldiers had no fighting spirit. So everyone played match-fixing (this group of Beiyang troops had experience of playing match-fixing during the Revolution of 1911). When encountering the National Protectorate, they either retreated or collapsed, or they confronted each other and stared at each other without shooting.

There are two Beiyang brigade commanders in Sichuan that are worth mentioning. They are both future figures, one is Feng Yuxiang and the other is Wu Peifu. Unable to get the support of the Beiyang Army (the Japanese also jumped up and down to oppose it), Yuan Datou had to announce the abolition of the monarchy on March 22, expressing that he would continue to be his president and make his best for the country. But this time the people across the country did not agree. On June 6, Lao Yuan felt boring, so he died first.

2. Warlord melee (1916-1926)

Beiyang Warlord Relationship

China after 1911 can be roughly divided into North and South. The north is the Beiyang government controlled area (later split into the Zhi, Anhui, and Feng), while the south is controlled by local warlords (mainly the local new army in the original places. Yunnan Tang Jiyao, Guangxi Lu Rongting, etc. Later Sun Yat-sen also blended in. ).

Of course there are exceptions. For example, Sichuan has been playing tricks. There is also a turtle-like existence with a shrunken head, Yan Laoxi in Shanxi, hiding in a thick shell and can't get out. From 1916 to 1926, basically the north fought the north, the south fought the south, and occasionally the north and the south fought each other.

Schematic diagram of warlord separatist rule from 1917 to 1918

After the death of President Yuan Da, Vice President Li Yuanhong took over as President, Feng Guozhang took over as Vice President, Duan Qirui continued Be his prime minister.

The ancestor Li Yuanhong did not know why, but he became the president inexplicably (he was just a small new army consortium before he became the vice president).

Who are Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui? The Beiyang Three Masters are also (there is also Wang Shizhen), of course they will not care about President Lei. Just use him as a stamping tool. Li Yuanhong felt sulky and unhappy. Later in the government dispute, Lao Li used the British and American hands to drive Duan Qirui away. (In 1917, the Duan Qirui government borrowed money from Japan and it was exposed in English newspapers. Li Yuanhong ordered the removal of the Prime Minister and Minister of Army Duan Qi on May 23. Rui).

This stabbed a hornet's nest. The provinces of the Beiyang Department declared their independence one after another, and Lao Li's government was unable to play.

Zhuan Shuai Anhui Supervisor Zhang Xun (also from Beiyang Six Towns) volunteered to go to Beijing to talk to the President and Prime Minister, and mediate. Lao Zhang brought the Five Thousand Braid Army to Beijing at the end of June. He didn't even bother to help the President and Prime Minister repair his feelings. He went to the Forbidden City to welcome Pu Yi and continue to be the emperor. Kang Youwei came to be the Prime Minister. At the same time, he drove away President Lebanon and disbanded the National Assembly.

A godsend, in mid-July, Duan Qirui immediately dispatched troops to drive off Zhuaishuai (it would be a bit embarrassing to let him go to the president of Lebanon).

The Sanzao Gonghe is so famous that it is so cool. When Li Yuanhong ran awayVice President Feng Guozhang took over as President, and Lao Feng also happily went to Beijing to become President.

Leader Sun, who has been doing nothing after the second revolution, took a look. Hey, the little emperor is back again, and there is something to do now. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou on July 4, 1917, and immediately contacted Lu Rongting and Tang Jiyao in the south. For Sun Yat-sen's revolution, Lu Tang wanted to use the banner of revolution to grab territory, so it hit it off. Sun Yat-sen had no soldiers in his hands, so he could only do something imaginary. He welcomed the expelled congressmen back to Guangzhou (didn't the parliament be dissolved by Zhang Xun before) and asked them to elect themselves as the generals.

Lu Tang warlord’s habits remain unchanged and do not follow the instructions of the revolutionary leader. Lu Rongting killed Hunan, and Tang Jiyao attacked Sichuan (the two places have been fighting each other).

In September, the north and the south were at war, and fighting began in Hunan. But at this time Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui's opinions began to differ. Prime Minister Duan has soldiers in his hand, and it is the most trouble-free to bring Sun Lutang to the ground, so he advocated "unification by force." President Feng felt that the war was hurt and he called for "peaceful reunification."

By the end of November, Duan Qirui was driven away by President Feng. The North unilaterally declared a truce. The Beiyang Army split into the direct line (Feng Guozhang, Feng Gong and his grandfather) and the Anhui line (Duan Qirui) (later Zhang Zuolin in the northeast also entered the customs for peace).

The North-South truce, Lu Tang was very happy, and took up more territory. Sun Yat-sen disagrees. The revolution is not a treat for dinner. How can it be half of the revolution? Leader Sun deeply felt the helplessness of an army without his own control.

In December 1917, Chen Jiongming led the Cantonese soldiers to occupy Shantou, and Lao Sun finally had his own territory.

The South is so noisy, the Beiyang boss feels very shameless, so he blames President Feng. When President Feng saw that the situation was not right, he quickly let the Beiyang army attack Hunan and welcomed Duan Qirui back to continue as prime minister (March 1918).

Cao Kun and Wu Peifu smashed Hunan, but Premier Duan let his cronie Zhang Jingyao be the governor of Hunan, allowing Cao Wu to continue to attack Guangdong. Cao Wu felt very upset. The benefits of playing for a long time were harvested by others, which was boring. So there was a truce in August. If you don't fight, you can vote. Didn't President Li run away? Then choose another one. In order to express their high morale, Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui both resigned from the post of president and prime minister.

In September 1918, the Congress elected Xu Shichang as president.

In 1919, Feng Guozhang suddenly died of illness, and Cao Kun became a direct leader.

In April 1920, the direct line of Fengxi formed an alliance and prepared to do Duan Qirui.

On July 14, 1920, the Zhi-Anhui War broke out. Five days later, Wu Peifu defeated Xu Shuzheng, and Duan Qirui announced that he would go to the wild, and the Anhui family fell apart. Shaanxi Chen Shufan and Li Houji hurriedly turned to Cao, while Zhejiang Lu Yongxiang turned to Zhang Zuolin. The Anhui department has since withdrawn from the stage of history.

In August 1920, Lu Rongting from the south took advantage of the chaos to attack the Guangdong army of Chen Jiongming who was also a revolutionary comrade. Unexpectedly, the Cantonese army armed with the revolutionary ideal of the Three People's Principles is not what it used to be, and it beat Lu Rongting all over the floor looking for teeth. In August, the Cantonese army counterattacked Hailufeng, and in November they captured Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou and was elected as the extraordinary president by the extraordinary congress (remember the group of congressmen who were driven away by Zhang Xun). He began to persuade President Xu Shichang in the north to resign, and let out a message that he would step down as soon as Xu stepped down. My Sun Wen is not to be a president, but to protect the law.

In 1920, Tan Yankai, a native of Hunan, led three thousand soldiers from Hunan, shouting the slogan "Hunan governing Hunan", drove out Hunan Governor Zhang Jingyao appointed by Duan Qirui and began autonomy. "Never come back from outsiders." Within a few months, Tan Yankai, who was very good at writing but unable to lead soldiers, was replaced by his subordinate Zhao Hengti (Tan later became a KMT leader). The Zhao warlord not only wants to govern, but also governs people, and puts forward the new concept of "inter-provincial autonomy" (meaning that the Zhao warlord also rules the next province).

Schematic diagram of warlord separatism after the Zhiwan War The Yunnan army drove out of Sichuan (our boss Zhu was driven away. Of course, boss Zhu is not a warlord. At that time, the leader of the Yunnan army stationed in Sichuan was called Gu Pin.Jane). After returning to Yunnan, the warlord Gu suddenly attacked Kunming in February 1921 while Tang Jiyao was not paying attention, and drove Tang Jiyao away. Tang Jiyao returned shortly after running to Hong Kong.

In March 1922, Gu Pinzhen died in battle, and his team was disintegrated. The future President Zhu went to Germany to study. He met Zhou Enlai in Germany and joined the party.

In June 1921, Lu Rongting went to Guangdong again (the Second Guangdong-Guangxi War). Chen Jiongming once again defeated the invading Gui army and broke into Guangxi in July. In August, the Cantonese army entered Nanning, and Lu Rongting fled to Hong Kong.

Shaanxi Chen Shufan's reputation is too stinky. Although he showed his favor to the immediate system, Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, who accepted the old Chen Houli, did not support him. In May 1921, he dropped the old Chen Shaanxi governor. Old Chen refused to step down. Wu Peifu sent Feng Yuxiang to Shaanxi. Feng Bu quickly broke into Hanzhong, and Old Chen ran away. The Anhui system is over, the next is naturally the Feng system and the Zhi system duel. Everyone is stretching their necks and waiting to see the excitement. Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin were helpless and jointly refuted the rumors.

At the beginning of 1922, Lao Cao married his 7-year-old daughter to Lao Zhang's 8-year-old son.

In-laws return to relatives, so you have to fight.

On April 28, 1922, the Great War between Zhifeng and Feng broke out, and Wu Peifu once again showed his power. Within a week, Zhang Zuolin was beaten to throw away his helmet and armor, and escaped outside the pass (worthy of being a scholar). Lao Zhang was deposed from all positions by President Xu Shichang.

The north is playing fast and closing fast, Sun Yat-sen was stunned. The first Zhibong battle was over before I could react. So he quickly announced the Northern Expedition in Shaoguan (May 6, 1922), which is known as the second law-guarding war in history. After the Northern Expedition marched into Jiangxi, Chen Jiongming's cronies, Ye Ju, led troops into Guangzhou and demanded the restoration of old Chen's post (Sun Yat-sen removed Chen Jiongming from the post of commander-in-chief in April). On June 1, Sun Yat-sen hurried back to Guangzhou to persuade Chen Jiongming with revolutionary friendship. On June 2, Beijing announced that President Xu Shichang was too old and decided to step down and welcome back Li Yuanhong to restore the 1912 parliament.

Sun Yat-sen was stunned again. Chen Jiongming, who was hiding in Huizhou, immediately sent electricity to ask Sun Yat-sen to step down (remember that Sun Yat-sen said in 1920 that Xu Shichang stepped down and he also stepped down). On June 15th, Ye Ju attacked the presidential palace. Sun Yat-sen fled to the Yongfeng ship in the middle of the night. The second movement to defend the law failed.

The Northern Expedition was disintegrated, and surrendered. Among them, a unit led by Xu Chongzhi drove away Li Houji of Fujian (Xu is Chiang Kai-shek's elder brother). The revolutionary army returned to Guangdong the following year, and Fujian was occupied by Wang Yongquan of the Anhui family. After the failure of

, Sun Yat-sen began to take the road of uniting the Russian Communist Party and began to build a revolutionary force loyal to him. Soon afterwards, he took it back to Guangzhou. So the famous party of the country was reorganized, a military academy was established, and communists were recruited.

In March 1923, Wu Peifu sent Sun Chuanfang to attack Fujian. The weak Wang Yongquan could only bow his head and seek peace and hope for peaceful co-governance. In October, the old Wang was still driven away by Sun Chuanfang.

In June 1923, the direct line prepared to attack Lu Yongxiang, Zhejiang. Dashuai Zhang in the northeast is in a hurry. If you hit my little brother, I will hit you. Shanghai is no different than other places, because the imperialist forces are complicated and difficult to fight. The parties mediated for more than a year, and on September 3, 1924, the Zhejiang-Zhejiang War broke out. On September 15, Zhang Dashuai led an army to attack Zhili, and the second Zhili-Feng war broke out.

Here I want to highlight Feng Yuxiang, who shined in this war, and he will soon become the protagonist. Feng Yuxiang's army emerged in Shaanxi (in 1921, drove Chen Shufan away), known as the Northwest Army, is famous for its big swords. Feng Yuxiang was the commander-in-chief of the Third Route of the Zhijun when the second Zhifeng war broke out. Lu Zhonglin, Sun Liangcheng, Han Fuju, Sun Lianzhong, Song Zheyuan, Shi Yousan, Tong Linge, Liu Ruming, etc., are all powerful.

After the outbreak of the Second Zhifeng War, the two sides confronted each other in Shanhaiguan. By mid-October, the Zhijun was in a hurry, and Wu Peifu ordered the 3rd Division stationed in Beijing to be transferred to the front line. The defense of the capital was empty. Feng Yuxiang was overjoyed and returned to his teacher from the Gubeikou of Yanshan on the evening of October 19, 1924. He entered Beijing on the 22nd night and detained Cao Kun, which is known as the Beijing coup. Power on the country on the 23rd, cursing Cao KunWu Peifu, invite Zhang Zuolin, Duan Qirui and Sun Yat-sen to come to Beijing to discuss state affairs. The affiliated unit was renamed the National Army.

Feng Yuxiang turned away, Wu Peifu was shocked.

Even worse news followed. On the 27th, Zhang Zongchang led his troops to cross Yanshan Mountain to capture Luan County and touched the ass of Wu Peifu’s army in Shanhaiguan. So Wu Peifu escaped from Tanggu by boat, the straight army was shut down and beaten up, and the whole line broke up. As for Cao Kun, Feng Yuxiang didn't feel embarrassed and let him go within a few days (after all, he was an old leader).

Now the domestic pattern has changed drastically. First of all, Feng Yuxiang has developed. After the Zhifeng war, Zhang Zuolin and Feng Yuxiang divided Beijing and Tianjin equally. Lao Feng was divided into Beijing Chahar and Ji Xinan. Feng Yuxiang's National Army took Suiyuan to the west, and then contacted Ma Hongkui in Gansu to persuade him to join and become a veritable Northwest Army, known as the First National Army.

Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue also coup with Lao Feng. Hu Nanxia captured Luoyang, Henan, known as the Second National Army (Hu passed away that month and was succeeded by his subordinate Yue Weijun as the Governor of Henan); Sun Yue took advantage of the void in the pass to enter Tongguan and occupied the surrounding areas of Xi'an, known as the National Army.

The territory of the National Army, Chahar, Suiyuan, Beijing, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, surrounded in a circle, just surrounding Shanxi inside, frightening Yan Laoxi.

Fengjun aspect. Zhang Zuolin was given to Tianjin Hebei Rehe; Zhang Zongchang became the governor of Shandong; after Lu Yongxiang took refuge in Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Zongchang was escorted by Zhang Zongchang, and he returned to Jiangsu and Shanghai.

Sun Chuanfang occupied Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang. Sun is a direct line, but he knows the current affairs well, and he bowed his head to Zhang Zuolin early.

Zhang Zongchang escorted Lu Yongxiang back, and Sun Chuanfang was afraid that Zhang Zongchang would send a sideways attack, so he packed up various places for flowers and flowers to make Zhang Zongchang feel good. The two fell in love with each other, and they got together with Jinlan, which is so touching!

Wu Peifu first went to Luoyang after the Zhifeng battle, and was driven away. When he ran to Hubei, Xiao Yaonan, an old subordinate, persuaded him to leave the field. So he simply went to live in seclusion in Zhao Hengti, Hunan. Never thought that Sun Chuanfang, Xiao Yaonan, Zhao Hengti, etc. still needed a banner to deal with the pressing force of the Fengjun and the National Army. The former generals of the Yangtze River Basin provinces once again pushed out Lao Wu as the co-lord. After the banner was erected, he was engaged in the area of ​​Hubei and Henan, and also produced some troops and turf loyal to him. This banner became more and more solid.

Beijing coup, Feng Yuxiang invited Sun Yat-sen to Beijing, Sun Xinran. As a result, he got a dirty nose at Zhang Dashuai. The revolutionary ideas Sun Yat-sen talked about were nothing to Zhang Zuolin. Originally, his health was not good, coupled with disappointment and depression, on March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen passed away.

Sun Yat-sen didn't say who would pick him up before his death. After a scuffle, the Southern Revolutionary Army first beat Chen Jiongming away and then drove away Tang Jiyao in Yunnan. Tang Jiyao was going to take troops to Guangzhou, but when he was passing by Guangxi, he was beaten and fled by Li Zongren, Huang Shaohong, Bai Chongxi and the tens of thousands of Gui army.

On July 1, 1925, the Guangdong Revolutionary Army announced the establishment of the National Government in Guangzhou. In July, Li Huangbai declared the unification of Guangxi, and the Xingui family accepted the leadership of the Nationalist government (Wang Jingwei said that the old Wang has the army to rely on). After a series of jaw-dropping changes (Liao Zhongkai was assassinated, Hu Hanmin left for the Soviet Union, Wang Jingwei went abroad, Xu Chongzhi took refuge in Hong Kong), the junior Chiang Kai-shek began to assume power.

3. The Northern Expedition (1926-1928)

After the Second Zhifeng War, Zhang Dashuai occupied a large area of ​​land from the northeast to the Yangtze River and was the most powerful. In accordance with the principle of shooting the first bird, everyone began to think about uniting to get the old Zhang. There was another scuffle in northern China, with flames everywhere.

is probably Sun Chuanfang, Feng Yuxiang, and Wu Peifu uniting and instigating Feng Clan generals Guo Songling and Li Jinglin, from October 10, 1925 until the second year. At first, everyone pressed Lao Zhang for a while. Somehow Wu Peifu and Zhang Shuai joined forces to beat Feng Yuxiang.

Among them, all kinds of betrayal and surrender are a mess. Specifically, Feng Yuxiang. After the National Army beat Marshal Zhang, the generals fought for territory, thinking that Lao Feng was unfair and Lao Feng was very depressed. Plus Lao Feng put everyoneI played them one by one and made them notorious. On December 31, 1925, Wu Peifu announced that he would stop opposing Feng. It seemed that he was going to join Dashuai Zhang to work with Lao Feng. Two days ago, General Zhang Zhijiang of the National Army arrested and killed Xu Shuzheng, an Anhui tycoon, and the world was in an uproar.

On New Year's Day in 1926, Feng Yuxiang announced that he would go to the wild to thank the Chinese. Within a few months, the March 18th tragedy occurred, and the world became even more uproar.

Although Duan Qirui ordered the shooting, Duan Qirui is now a rubber stamp, still pinched in your Feng Yuxiang's hands. Feng Yuxiang had already left the field and could not do it again, so he had to go abroad for shelter (to the Soviet Union on March 20, 1926). During this period, the Southern National Government also conquered the East and the West, unified Guangdong and Guangxi, and prepared for the Northern Expedition.

Beginning in April 1926, Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu joined forces to fight Feng Yuxiang's National Army. The National Army retreated to the South Gate (now the area around Badaling). Nankou is easy to defend and hard to attack. Zhang Wu couldn't fight, and the National Army didn't want to withdraw. Both sides stared at each other (Feng Yuxiang told the National Army to withdraw to Suiyuan before leaving the country. According to Zhang and Wu's pissiness, you don't wander in front of them and find uncomfortable, sooner or later they will do it by themselves. Unfortunately, the Beijing-Tianjin Huahua World is not comparable to the poor mountains and rivers in the northwest. The generals of the National Army did not listen to Feng Yuxiang). The stalemate reached July, and the Nationalist Government began the Northern Expedition. Wu Peifu was in a hurry and hit Nankou desperately. On August 13, the Northwest Army was defeated and retreated all the way to Suiyuan. At this time, the Northern Expedition Army had already taken Hunan and was about to reach Wuhan.

Schematic diagram of the warlord's separatist regime at the beginning of the Northern Expedition

"Sing my soldier, listen to Ersu. The people are suffering, and the fire is deep. The bandit warlord, for the tiger. Imperialism, Zhang Yixiao. Our army revitalizes the army, saves the country and the people..."

On July 9, 1926, the National Revolutionary Army swore to the Northern Expedition. Captured Changsha on July 11. The Northern Expeditionary Army went north along the railway. Marshal Wu returned to support after the end of the Nankou War. The system is so magical. The combat effectiveness of the Northern Expedition, armed with the Three People's Principles and revolutionary ideas, has exploded. According to the present statement, the revolutionary nature of what is called an army is completely different. In the battle of He Shengqiao on August 29, Wu Dashuai's tens of thousands of troops were wiped out.

On September 6, Sun Chuanfang's ultimatum asked the Northern Expedition to withdraw to Guangdong and Guangxi. On that day, the Third Army of Zhu Peide's Revolutionary Army entered Jiangxi. Li Zongren's Seventh Army and Zhang Fakui's Fourth Army also followed suit and fought against Jiangxi with Sun Chuanfang's five-province coalition forces. On November 1, the Northern Expedition Army besieged Nanchang. On November 8, Sun Chuanfang's army collapsed and more than 50,000 Sun Jun surrendered. That month, Sichuan warlords, large and small, changed their flags, all expressing their obedience to the Three People's Principles, and then continued to fight.

On September 17, Feng Yuxiang returned to Suixi to hold the Wuyuan Oath. To work with the Northern Expedition Army, Zhang and Wu, and Sun. Lao Feng’s oath is not the same as that of the Northern Expeditionary Army’s strict four sentences and four sentences. They are all rough and unrefined vernacular. To the effect, they scold me Lao Feng Chihua, how good old Feng is before. It's called Chihua. Now my old Feng came back from a trip from the Soviet Union, this experience is very different! This time, my old Feng will take you all to let you take a good look at what is called real redness!

After Sun Chuanfang was defeated in Jiangxi in November, he hurriedly sought help from Dashuai Zhang. The dog meat general and poet Zhang Zongchang led his army to Jiangbei near Nanjing. The main enemy of the Northern Expeditionary Army became Zhang Zuolin. By December, the Northern National Army controlled the three provinces of Ningxia, Gansu, and Shaanxi; the Southern Revolutionary Army controlled the six provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Fujian; and the two provinces of Sichuan and Guizhou were attached, and the revolutionary forces were huge.

In February 1927, the 26th Mutiny took place in Yunnan. Long Yun and others drove away the big man Tang Jiyao and also raised the Qingtian Bairi flag. On March 21, Bai Chongxi defeated 20,000 Zhang Zongchang's Zhilu coalition forces in Shanghai; on the 22nd, Xue Yue led the first division into Shanghai; on the 24th, the Northern Expedition Army regained Nanjing. ——Don't forget another old acquaintance, that is Wu Peifu. In August 1926, Lao Wu returned from the battle of He Shengqiao in a terrible defeat. Zhang Zuolin said that now the south is strong, we join hands, you will be the deputy marshal? Old Wu didn't hear it. Lao Zhang also said, since you can't fight,Would you like to make way for me to fight from the Beijing-Han Line? Old Wu insisted that he was able to fight and he didn't need you to come.

In this way, Lao Wu, like a wood, lay between Lao Zhang and the Northern Expeditionary Army, staying in Henan without fighting or reconciling, advancing and not retreating, blocking the Beijing-Han line and not letting him pass, making Lao Zhang half dead. Later, Zhang Xueliang led his troops to cross the Yellow River, but Old Wu didn't feel ashamed to stop him and retreated to the west of Henan.

1927 was a year of internal fighting in the National Revolutionary Army.

On April 12th, Chiang Kai-shek cleared the Communist Party and then the Ning Han split. The reason for the split was Wang Jingwei's opposition to Chiang Kai-shek's cleanup. Of course, Lao Wang did not oppose the Qing Communist Party, but opposed Chiang Kai-shek's Qing Communist Party. I want someone from Wang to come to the Qing, what is your Chiang Kai-shek.

Feng Yuxiang is in a hurry, what are you making trouble, there is still a beard, you should do it first and then make trouble. Therefore, the Kuomintang continued its northern expedition under heavy internal strife (Wang Jingwei, the Wuhan government took Tang Shengzhi as the commander-in-chief of the northern expedition along the Beijing-Hanzhou line, and the Chiang Kai-shek Nanjing government led the northern expedition along Jinpu Road, led by He Yingqin, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, competing with each other.).

Feng Yuxiang also sent troops to Henan and met with Tang Shengzhi in Zhengzhou on May 31. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek captured Xuzhou. Zhengzhou is the intersection of Beijing-Han Line and Longhai Line, and Xuzhou is the intersection of Jinpu Line and Longhai Line. Both are important military towns (Jinpu and Jinghan are the north-south arteries, while Longhai and Zhegan are the east-west arteries).

Fengjun West Line (Zhengzhou First Line) retreated across the Yellow River. Before Zhang Xueliang evacuated the Yellow River, he also tidied up Uncle Wu Peifu who was nesting in the west of Henan (with the excuse that Uncle Wu blocked the path of Nephew Zhang against Feng Yuxiang). The Confucian marshal Wu Peifu who has been in power for more than ten years completely withdrew from the political arena.

In mid-June, Feng Yuxiang went to Xuzhou to try to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to give up his anti-communist stand. Instead, he was persuaded by Jiang Baldou, to be precise by Brother Kong Fang. Chiang Kai-shek now has the support of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Consortium. Of course, Lao Feng, who has had a hard time all his life, was embarrassed to refuse.

Lao Feng received the money and was very satisfied. He was too embarrassed to make Jiang bald his head, and said that he and Commander Jiang "have a hard time meeting each other". So Lao Feng ran back to Zhengzhou and said to Wang Jingwei and Tang Shengzhi that I, Lao Feng, took the money from Commander Chiang, and I am embarrassed to persuade others to give up the anti-Communist. In this way, we should also be anti-communist. Wuhan and Nanjing are anti-communist together, and there is no difference between the two sides, and everyone is happy.

Lao Wang said that anti-communism and non-communism are all trivial things, and I just can’t understand Jiang's bald head. I will support what he opposes. Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi quietly told Lao Wang that we don't support Jiang Baldou, we just support his anti-Communist. If Mr. Wang opposes the Communist Party and makes a shout, we will naturally support Mr. Wang to drive Jiang Guangtou back to Fenghua’s hometown. The following is easy.

On July 15th, in the July 15th Incident, Lao Feng and Laowang eliminated communists and expelled Soviet advisers. But Lao Feng was more gentle, unlike Lao Wang and Lao Tang hacking everywhere. He didn't feel too embarrassed to give gifts to communist members in his military and political system.

On August 13, Chiang Kai-shek went to the wild.

In September, Ning-Han merged and the new Nanjing government was established. But Lao Wang didn't have the last laugh, and he went off the wild on September 13.

Since then, the KMT and the Communist Party have also parted ways.

On June 18, 1927, Zhang Zuolin was appointed as the Marine, Land and Air Marshal of the Republic of China, and he wanted to fight the Northern Expedition.

By the end of November, Zhang Dashuai was greatly injured. On June 4, 1928, Dashuai Zhang returned to Fengtian, and his train was bombed in Huanggutun. Dashuai Zhang is out.

On December 29, 1928, Zhang Xueliang announced the Northeast change. "Adhering to the legacy of General Marshal Xian, striving for unification, and implementing peace, we have announced today that we will observe the Three Principles of the People, obey the Nationalist Government and change the banner."

Since then, the whole country There are no more Beiyang five-color flags up and down, all are replaced with blue sky, white sun and red.