Is "Flying Pigeon Biography" a novelist or is it true? Did the ancients really use it to deliver letters?

(Is the story of the flying pigeon really feasible? Is there an example of the story of flying pigeon?)

now technology Developed, there are various means of communication. Even if people are thousands of miles away, what telephone, video, voice, various means can be said to be endless, writing letters? Is this something from the last century?

But if it were in ancient times, it would have become a big problem. After all, there were no mobile phones at that time. Even if it was to deliver letters, it had to rely on two legs of people. Five hundred li expedited and eight hundred li expedited, but what about ordinary people? It is estimated that I can only ask someone doing business abroad to ask or bring a message.

(Even in the TV series "Zhen Huan Biography" there are also flying pigeons)

But in addition to the post, there is another kind of message in ancient China. The way: Flying pigeons pass the book, everyone should be familiar with this, right? In TV dramas and movies, the ancients put the written letters in a bamboo tube and tied them to the legs of the pigeons, and then released the pigeons. When the shots were switched, the pigeons had already reached the destination, and the news had been delivered to the recipients in time. Moreover, not only our modern film and television works are mentioned, but in ancient novels and modern martial arts novels, the knights convey information through pigeons.

(In martial arts novels, flying pigeons is a necessary means for knights to pass information)

For example, the novel "The Legend of the Founding Heroes of Ming Dynasty" "It is mentioned in "When the white dove flies, start it cheaply, and try to attack." When the Hengshan School of "Swordsman" was attacked by the Songshan School, "Master Dingjing rolled up the thin silk letters. One, stuffed into a small bamboo tube, covered with a lid, and then poured fire lacquer on the pigeon's left foot with a wire." In addition to using the bamboo tube, fire lacquer is added, which greatly enhances confidentiality.

Not only that, in martial arts novels, homing pigeons also formed a complex system like the present express outlets. For example, Ouyang Ke used "Flying pigeons to pass on books, one station after another to send messages from Central Plains to Baituoshan" In addition to Ouyang Ke, even the Hengshan school with many nuns has outlets all over the country. "The pigeons go to Suzhou Baiyi Temple for one stop, from Baiyi Temple to Jinan Miaoxiang Temple for another stop, and then at Laohekou Qingjing Temple. One stop. The four pigeons will be relayed to Hengshan." Master Dingxian is too at home in Hengshan, but he knows martial arts people well, although he has the teacher’s personality traits of being too cautious and meticulous. This pigeon station serves as an intelligence point. The same contribution can be made.

But is Fei Ge Chuan Shu what a novelist said or is it really feasible? On TV, we just saw the carrier pigeon being let go. Can it really fly to its destination? Did the ancients really use the method of flying pigeons?

(The jade pigeon in the tomb of Fuhao indicates that people have already understood pigeons as early as the Shang Dynasty)

, Let’s talk about ancient pigeons first.

As one of the ancient civilizations in the world, China has a history of raising pigeons for thousands of years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, there were related artistic images of pigeons. There is a green jade carved in the tomb of women unearthed in Yinxu, Henan. It can be seen that the ancients raised pigeons in the Shang Dynasty thousands of years ago. The written record of pigeons can be traced back to the "Book of Rites": "There are six animals, six beasts, and six birds in the hands of a man." Zheng Xuan explained these animals. The six birds include wild goose, quail, mandarin, pheasant, and dove. , Pigeon, it means that the Chinese people who were greedy in the Shang Dynasty began to enjoy the pigeon as a delicacy...

(West Han Shige, in Han In the Wei Dynasty, the pigeon has become a symbol of auspiciousness)

According to the records of "Kifu Tongzhi", the pigeon also saved the life of Han Gaozu: "Xiang Yu led soldiers to chase Han Gaozu and avoid the well. There are two pigeons set in the well. , The pursuit of soldiers does not doubt, because it is avoided." This is notSeen in historical books, we can't study the true and false, but since the Han Dynasty, the dove has become a symbol of beauty and a "lucky bird". For example, it is recorded in "Song Shu·Furui": "Jin Wudi Taishi 2 In June of the year, in Renshen, the white pigeon saw Jiuquan Yanshou, Yanshou Long Wang Yin to offer". Because the pigeons are white and smart and cute, they are regarded by the rulers as an auspicious symbol of the prosperity of the dynasty.

(Tang Xuanzong gave pigeons a very elegant nickname)

But unlike us now, pigeons in the Han Dynasty did not act as messengers When the image appears, people mainly use the swan geese to convey letters (the so-called "Biography of the swan geese" is also). Time came to the Tang Dynasty. After years of domesticating pigeons, the pigeon training technology in the Tang Dynasty was very mature. In addition to raising pigeons for food, the ancients also trained pigeons to fight (a bit of cockfighting) and to pray for longevity. For other activities, for example, Yuan Zhen has a verse saying "Jingli has tamed pigeons, Qizhong is also good for eagles", which shows that domesticating pigeons has become an important content for people to spend time and play leisurely.

Even Emperor Ming of Tang is fond of raising pigeons and fighting pigeons. There are records in "General History of Shaanxi", such as "pigeon, Emperor Ming of Tang called flying slaves" and "raising pigeons in Ming imperial palace. Elegant names such as "Fei Nu" and "Ban Tian Jiao" were given to the pigeons. If there is something good on the top, the down will be very difficult. Even the noble emperor plays pigeons. The folks are becoming popular in domesticating pigeons. People may occasionally discover that some types of pigeons have the ability to "navigate" and "home", so they are right. This was screened, optimized and cultivated, so in the Tang Dynasty there was a record of using pigeons to convey information.

(Zhang Jiuling is the first person in China to clearly record the use of flying pigeons)

Five generations of Wang Renyu’s "Kaiyuan Tianbao legacy" has this Record: "When Zhang Jiuling was a teenager, he raised a flock of pigeons at home. Whenever he communicated with relatives, he only used the book pigeons on his feet and flew to cast them wherever he taught. Jiuling's eyes were &x27;Feinu&x27;." It is said that Zhang Jiuling's family is a professional pigeon breeder, so Zhang Jiuling has mastered the skills of how to train pigeons since he was young. If he needs to write letters to his elders when he grows up as an official, he only needs to put the letter on the feet of the pigeons, and Zhang Jiuling will return it to the pigeons. He was nicknamed "Fei Nu", but it seems that Xuan Zong also gave the pigeon the same nickname. Did you two have the same nickname, or did one of you steal the copyright of others?

(The Persians also mastered the skill of domesticating pigeons very early and used pigeons to deliver letters)

At the same time, the Persians were also using pigeons to deliver letters, " "Youyang Miscellany" contains: "Dali Cheng Zheng Fuli said that there are more pigeons on Persian ships, and pigeons can fly thousands of miles. If you can bring one home, you can believe in peace." It can be seen that the Persians have also mastered pigeons very early. Characteristics, and use pigeons to deliver the news safely. Unlike the land, the sea is vast and the pigeons can span thousands of miles. It is really the perfect messenger. "The History of the Tang Dynasty", which is earlier than "Youyang Miscellaneous Cu," also records the dove: "South China Sea ships, foreign ships. Every year to Annan and Guangzhou. Shizi Guobo is the largest, the ladder goes up and down, and the number of feet is accumulated. Treasure goods, arrival goods, and the confluence of the original road, the town is noisy. There are chiefs in charge, city ships envoys who are the masters of their names, take the foot of the ship, forbid the treasures, and the merchants will go to prison for fraud. The pigeon is the letter, and the pigeon will return if the ship is not." Here the pigeon plays a not very pleased role. Due to the inconvenience of communication, a pigeon will be carried on the ship to pass the message, but the message delivered by the pigeon is special: if the pigeon comes back, it means that the ship has sunk and is on board. The seafarers of Japan have been ill fortune.

(During the Song Dynasty, the people's use of homing pigeons once again ushered in a peak)

In the Song Dynasty, the homing pigeon communication was more and more popular Recognized, and gradually occupy an important position in various information transmission methods, the "Song Dynasty Facts Leiyuan" records: "Today's domestic pigeon communication is not a lie. It is carried thousands of miles away. Return home. Shu people take things to the capital toThe pigeons will be able to send books within a few days, and Jia Ren ships and ships to the sea, and also communicates with pigeons.” The pigeons can fly from Sichuan to Kaifeng. The distance is really remarkable. If you change people, you can’t go. By the year of the monkey? It’s no wonder why people prefer to use pigeons to deliver letters.

(At this time, you can answer the question in this article. The Flying Pigeon Biography does exist, and in ancient times. Widely used)

This is equivalent to answering the above question. In ancient times, there were not only flying pigeons, but also very popular. After all, ordinary people could not enjoy the "800 li expedited" treatment. The efficiency of relying on others to bring messages is too slow. In contrast, the advantages of carrier pigeons are reflected: they can be delivered over a long distance, even if they are thousands of miles away, they can be delivered on time. Secondly, the delivery speed is faster than other media. There are many, and the cost is very low, so the flying pigeon biography has gradually developed into the most common means of folk communication.

It is said that Song Gaozong also has a hobby of domesticating pigeons and letting them fly for fun. There are patriotic Tai students who write poems and ridicule "Wan Ge circling around". In the imperial capital, it took time for the evening to close and release. How to raise southern geese, the desert can pass the two holy books. "It means that your father and brother were taken into slavery by the golden people, and your mother and sisters were humiliated by foreigners. You don't want to regain lost ground and welcome your relatives. Instead, you indulge in playing with pigeons every day. There is no shame in you! The person who wrote the poem was happy, but he slapped the emperor in such an open face, I don’t know how the careful Zhao Go would deal with him.

(Fei Ge Chuanshu except in Popular among the people, the military quickly absorbed and applied)

The delivery mode of pigeons is not only popular among the people, but even the military calls "true fragrance". The Southern Song Dynasty general Zhang Jun went to the subordinates to inspect and rushed to it. After the barracks, there was no one but Qu Duan. This made Zhang Jun very strange. Is it possible that you are the only commander in your barracks? Qu Duan did not hurriedly sent the roster of the five armies he commanded and asked Zhang. Jun, which unit do you want to review? After Zhang Jun randomly ordered one of them, Qu Duan opened the cage and released a pigeon. Not long after the pigeon flew away, the soldiers from this unit arrived in full gear, which made Zhang Jun dare. Surprised, he said, "I want to see all of your army." So Qu Duan released the other four pigeons. In an instant, all the five troops were gathered, and the soldiers were well-formed. The neatness and high morale made Zhang Jun very happy and praised Qu Duan greatly.

(From the performance of the soldiers in the Quduan military camp, Homing Pigeon Passing orders has become a thing that soldiers and soldiers are accustomed to)

Judging from Qu Duan’s behavior, all the pigeons he releases are well-trained carrier pigeons, and they carry the order of assembly. When the troops receive the pigeons After the news, we rushed to the barracks.

(Good Shuichuan battle, Song army defeated, and pigeons are the key factor for Xixia's victory)

Don’t look at Song Jun’s use of carrier pigeons so skillfully, in fact, this is the result of painful lessons. As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia used the function of carrier pigeons to defeat the Song Army. In the first year of Qingli, the founding monarch of Xixia Li Yuanhao In a large-scale attack on the Song Dynasty, he personally led tens of thousands of troops into the hinterland of the Song Dynasty to prepare for a decisive battle with the main force of the Song army. At this time, the Song army coach Han Qi was patrolling Gaoping. Hearing that Li Yuanhao was aggressively attacking, he quickly dispatched general Ren Fu to lead 20,000 troops. To resist, in order to ensure the smoothness of the war, Han Qi also gave the opportunity to face to face. Ren Fu went to the back of the Xixia Army. If it can fight, it will fight. If it can’t, Li Yuanhao's lone army must be insufficient to supply deep enough. If you spend with him, the Xixia army will be defeated! So Han Qi repeatedly urged Ren Fu to be reluctant to use things, and said, "If you violate the law, you will cut it even if you have merit. ”

(the pigeons are flying in the air, and the Xixia troops in the distance know that the Song army is in the middle, and they are surrounded by all sides and almost killed the Song army)

But Han Qiqian saidWan said that Ren Fu still didn't take it to heart. The Xixia army and the Song Dynasty army were unable to become an army at the slightest contact. Ren Fu, who tasted the sweetness, led his army to chase after the good rivers under Liupan Mountain, surrounded by beautiful rivers and valleys. One road is open, if the two sides of the road are blocked...

In order to avoid the Song Jun’s awareness, the defeated Xixia Army and the Song Army kept a few miles away, only waiting for the Song Army to ambush and be annihilated in one fell swoop. But how do you judge Song Jun's plan? The pigeons played a major role. The Northern Song army, which plunged into the Xixia pocket array, did not realize it. During the journey, the soldiers found dozens of silver boxes on the roadside. The soldiers opened the boxes in surprise and saw hundreds of pigeons from the box. The pigeons leaped out in the middle, and there were bells hanging on the necks of these pigeons. They hovered and danced over the Northern Song army. The sound of the bells also rang from all directions. After receiving the signal from the pigeons, the Xixia army in the distance knew that the Song army had fallen in the middle, so Li Yuanhao Under his leadership, the Song Army was flanked from all sides. The Song Army soldiers were at the bottom of the valley, and the Xixia Army commanded a great advantage. In this battle, the Song Army was almost wiped out. The bad news spread to Tokyo, "Guanyou shakes, and Renzong eats for it." Since then, Xixia's separatism has become a foregone conclusion.

(Even in World War I or World War II, pigeons were still active as a communication medium on the battlefield)

Even in the modern era, the level of technology is better than that In the past, there have been great advances. There are advanced communication methods such as telegraph between the troops. The pigeon communication also plays a pivotal role. After all, even radios have difficulties in carrying and no signal failure. In such extreme conditions, pigeons send letters. It became the only way. And compared to radios that are easy to crack, carrier pigeons are less likely to be intercepted and safer. Therefore, you can still see active pigeons during World War I and World War II. India only canceled carrier pigeon communications after the 21st century. Know how much contribution pigeons bring us!

Seeing this, we really have to admire the wisdom of the ancients. In the ancient times when science and technology were not developed, our ancestors could still use animals according to the habits of animals and provide convenience for their own lives. This is really black technology. what!