Everyone knows the story of Sima Guang hitting the tank. In the first grade text of elementary school, the story is described like this: In ancient times there was a child named Sima Guang. One day, he was playing with a few children in the garden. There is a rockery in the garden, and there is a big water tank under the rockery, which is filled with water. A child climbed onto the rockery to play, and fell into a big water tank by accident. The other children were panicked, some cried in fright, and some screamed and ran to look for an adult. Sima Guang didn't panic. He lifted a rock and smashed the tank hard, breaking the tank in a few strokes. The water in the tank came out, and the children who fell into the tank were saved.
With just over a hundred words, Sima Guang’s image of wit and bravery is on the paper. Affected by the textbook enlightenment, the story of Sima Guang’s smashing the cylinder is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Women and children know it, and we never question his authenticity. The story of Ma Guang’s smashing cylinder was born out of "Song History" edited by Mongolian scholar Miliqi Tutuo. The original text is as follows:
Simaguang character Junshi, a native of Xia County, Shanzhou. Guangsheng was seven years old, as awe-inspiring as an adult. Hearing about "The Spring and Autumn of the Zuo Family", loving it, retiring it to his family, that is his big finger. I didn't let go of the book, I didn't know the hunger and thirst. A group of children played in the courtyard, they climbed into the urn, fell into the water, and everyone abandoned them. Just holding the stone and hitting the urn to break it, the water bursts and the children live.
Through this historical data and comparing the description in the textbook, we can see the doubts about Sima Guang’s smashing the cylinder.
First of all, what Sima Guang hit was not the cylinder but the urn. Chinese characters have always been known for their rigor and precision. The urn is the urn and the urn is the urn. The two are strictly different. It is generally believed that both are containers for holding objects, but the open mouth is a cylinder and the closed mouth is an urn. On the one hand, people fall into the tank and easily climb out, while the urn is more difficult. What we mean by "catch the turtle in the urn", "the view of the urn" and "the urn city". In this view, the use of "urn" in "Song History" is more practical. On the other hand, from a technical point of view, as the collector Ma Weidu said, the Song Dynasty did not have the technology for forging open deep-belly large pots; on the contrary, the ancients had relatively developed techniques for making large pottery urns with a closed mouth, as early as the Neolithic period. People used pottery such as urns to bury infants and teenagers, which are burials in urns. It can be seen that the volume of the urn is huge. The author speculates that for the sake of easy understanding, later generations changed the urn to a tank, because the deep water tank appeared in the Ming Dynasty, so it is reasonable to say that it is a tank.
Secondly, Sima Guang was just a child when he hit the tank. Why can his deeds be passed down through the ages? Sima Guang was only 7 years old when he hit the tank. Sima Guang was born in 1019, and it was 1025 when he hit the tank. The "Song History" was written more than 300 years later, with a relatively large time span. This gives people a lot of imagination.
First, ordinary children smashed the tank. Everyone praised something. Sima Guang shook Jingluo when he smashed it. People even painted "Children's Urn". This should be related to Sima Guang's family background. Sima Guang's father was the magistrate of Guangshan County. It is said that Sima Guang's name also came from Guangshan County, and later he worked as a military doctor and Tianzhang Pavilion. His grandfather, Sima Xuan, had served as the magistrate of Fuping County in Yaozhou, and he was also very famous. His distant ancestor of the Western Jin Dynasty royal family Anping presented King Sima Fu. It can be seen that the Sima family are famous for many generations. Although they are not everyone, they are famous. The spread of the story of Sima Guang’s smashing tank should be related to his family background.
Secondly, Sima Guang had a very high reputation during his lifetime. Not only was he an official prime minister, but he also compiled the first chronicle general history "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" in history. This does not rule out his supporters' smashing cylinder story. Hype.
Third, after the death of Sima Guang, the Northern Song Dynasty monk Hui Hong wrote a novel called "The Story of Sima Wengong", which is A detailed description of smashing the urn to save people. This shows that the future generations of the same generation also recognized Sima Guang’s
Fourth, from the evaluation of Sima Guang in the "Song History" Calling the road, I hope it will not go to the court, is it possible for everyone to be able to get this from everyone? Virtue is prosperous and sincere is also a book. From a point of view, Tuotuo also admired Sima Guang, and published the folk stories in historical materials.
Taken together, the story of Sima Guang’s smashing of the cylinder has been circulated through the ages. In addition to promoting the virtues, it should be driven by various forces at that time. But among them, it also makes people question the story itself. History has no truth, and sometimes it is enough to tell us a truth. "Sima Guang smashes the cylinder" must be like this.
(The applet has been added here, please go to today’s headline client to view)
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