Qing Dynasty On March 13th of the tenth year of Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly issued a decree that the military aircraft department of headed by Prince Gong Yixin Yixin will all be dismissed. ". Through this court coup, empress completely took power in one person's hands and established his supreme power in the Qing Dynasty.
From the second year, Cixi began to be busy with another matter, that is the wedding of Emperor Guangxu. The emperor’s father had to choose a competent queen for his son. Finally, after four years, six elections , Cixi's niece, Yehenala, entered the central palace and became a veritable last queen.
1. The Queen Mother’s niece
Xiaodingjing Empress Yehenala, Manchurian yellow banner man, born in s in the beginning of the seventh year of Tongzhi, s Emperor Guangxu was three years older, and his father was Guixiang, the first-class vice-du of Chengen Gong of Jinfeng.
As we said earlier, although Cixi’s family name is Yehenala, they are not descendants of the Lord Yehe, just the same surname. Moreover, the Yehenala clan of Cixi was not prominent in the history of the Qing Dynasty. Before Cixi entered the palace, it only belonged to a middle-level bureaucratic family.
Of course, Empress Cixi became the queen mother of the Virgin, this Yehnala clan was carried into the yellow flag, and soon became the first-class family.
Saying, Cixi’s father Hui Zheng has three sons and three daughters. The three sons are Zhaoxiang, Guixiang , and Foyou.These three are the brothers of Cixi, and the three daughters are Xiaoqinxian empress (Cixi himself), the alcohol prince Yi Fujin, Qing prince Yi Xun Fujin, the younger brother of Yi Xian.
As you can see, Cixi has a lot of brothers and sisters, plus cousins and so on, that’s even more. Cixi always adheres to the principle of treating men and women in the family: men’s should not be reused (not given real power) ), the daughter married the near branch clan. In fact, it is to control the power in his own hands. If the emperor lacks heirs, he can select the clan members with Yekhnala bloodline as his successors.
Therefore, we can see that since the eleventh year of Guangxu, there are many show girls with Yehnala bloodlines. For example, the daughter of Cixi's grandfather Huichun (Cixi's cousin), the daughter of Cixi's eldest brother Zhaoxiang, the two daughters of Cixi's second brother Guixiang (the eldest is Empress Xiaodingjing), and the third brother of Cixi, Foyou Daughter.
After four years and six selections, the eldest daughter of Cixi's second brother Guixiang, Yehenara, was appointed as the queen candidate, and she was the queen Xiaodingjing.
In fact, there are at least seven or eight show girls who have entered the finals, and Emperor Guangxu himself did not favor his cousin Yehenala, who was three years older. Guangxu favored a member of Dexin’s family, governor of Jiangxi. Pair of sisters flowers. At that time, Guangxu was ignorant and ignorant. Originally thinking that he could choose the queen according to his own wishes, he was thinking of passing Ruyi to Dexin's daughter Fucha. Who knows, Cixi just said: The emperor!
So, after all, this wishful thinking was given to Guixiang's daughter Yehenala, and the sisters of Dexin's family whom Guangxu liked were all unsuccessful. However, Cixi chose another pair of sisters for Guangxu. They were the daughters of the minister Changxu's Tatarashi sisters, later Jin Fei and Zhen Fei .
As for the other cousins and nieces of Cixi,Cixi all pointed them to the nearby branch clan.
For example, Huichun's daughter (Cixi's cousin) is married to Prince Su Prince Longqin's son Shanheng, and Zhaoxiang's daughter is married to Baylor Zaishu (originally Kangxi, the eldest son of the emperor 胤禔 five The grandson, then adopted to Daoguang, the ninth son of Fujun Wang Yizhen), another daughter of Guixiang (the younger sister of Empress Xiaodingjing) married the grandson of Zhenguo Zaize (originally the 15th son of Kangxi Yin) The fifth grandson of Yu, his father Yishan adopted the heir to Jiaqing's fifth son Mianyu), and the daughter of Buyou was married to Beizi Pulun (the eleventh son of Qianlong Yongzheng) Great-great-grandson).
If you have seen a photo of Empress Xiao Dingjing, you know that she is not saying that she looks mediocre, or even a bit ugly, but the other nieces who were married by Cixi to the nearby clan will be stronger Too much. So why did Cixi designate such an ugly, cowardly niece as the Queen of Qing Dynasty?
The author believes that it is also for the power at hand.
If Cixi chooses a good-looking and talented niece to be the queen, it may threaten the power in her hands. Although the niece is not obedient, it is another matter. On the other hand, Empress Xiao Dingjing was different. She was cowardly by nature and shivered when she saw Cixi. Of course, such a woman was the best candidate for Cixi's puppet.
In other words, what Cixi fancy is the character of her niece, and her appearance is second.
But what Cixi did not expect was that after her death, the character of her niece, Empress Xiao Dingjing, accelerated the collapse of the Qing Empire.
2. The Queen of Qing Dynasty who reigned for the longest time
Fourteenth year of Guangxu,Soon after Guixiang's daughter Yehenala was identified as the queen candidate, something unlucky happened in the Forbidden City.
In the middle of the night of December 15th, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, which burned down the Taihe Hall and the Taihe Gate. This change happened before the emperor’s wedding, and the ministers talked about it. . Moreover, the Gate of Supreme Harmony is the only gate through which the queen enters the palace. At this time, there is only more than a month before the emperor's wedding. If it is to be repaired, it may be too late. It’s because Cixi has experienced so many things. What kind of thing is that? She ordered the wedding to be held as scheduled and asked the craftsmen to build a color shed at the original location of Taihe Gate.
On the 26th day of the first month of the fifteenth year of Guangxu, Guixiang's daughter Yehenala was registered as queen. The next day, the emperor's wedding took place in the Forbidden City as scheduled. On this day, Emperor Guangxu wore a dragon robe and a beaded crown, ascended to the Palace of Supreme Harmony, and a hundred officials of civil and military knelt three times and nine knocks, and welcomed the Queen of the Central Palace Yehenala into the palace.
At the same time, the two concubines Jinbi and Zhenbi entered the palace from Shenwumen, forming the pattern of one queen and two concubines in the Guangxu Harem.
Actually, marriages like cousin-style marriages between Emperor Guangxu and Yehenala had appeared before in the Qing Dynasty. For example, the first emperor in the Qing Dynasty to enter the pass, and Emperor Shunzhi , married She took her own cousin (or cousin) as the queen, but everyone should know the fate of the queen. She had a bad relationship with the Emperor Shunzhi. She was a queen after only two years.
Let's take another look at Emperor Guangxu and his cousin Yehenala. The situation is not much better than that of Emperor Shunzhi.
Logically speaking, Emperor Guangxu and Yehenala have a blood relationship with cousins and should be closer. In fact, on the contrary, they were strangers from the beginning, and their relationship even deteriorated gradually. Why is this?
First of all, men like beautiful women. This is a law of physiology. Cixi pointed out such an ugly woman to herself, how did Guangxu like it?
Next,From the day Yehenala entered the palace, her identity was determined. Although she was the empress of the Qing Dynasty in name, it was actually an eyeliner that Cixi had placed beside Guangxu. Guangxu knew this well. , So I deliberately alienated Yehenalas.
It stands to reason that Yehnala is the niece and daughter-in-law of Empress Dowager Cixi. It should be Cixi’s favor. But in fact, Yehnala also didn’t get Cixi’s treatment. Why?
Yehe Nala's personality is too introverted and weak. Seeing Cixi is not like seeing a relative, but like and rat. They are all trembling and talking a little, I guess Cixi has confessed. The task (monitoring Guangxu) was also poorly done, and Cixi really didn't like it. What Cixi likes is the kind of lively, clever, intelligent and capable women, such as Concubine Hui and Concubine Zhen, because they can see themselves when they were young, but in the niece Yehenala, Cixi is really looking for Not in my shadow.
In fact, after Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned, the relationship between Yehnala clan and her husband Guangxu eased to a certain extent, but it was more due to family concerns. There was no relationship between them. What love can be said about it. In other words, Yehnala's family has been married into the royal family for more than ten years, like a living widow. This has caused tremendous damage to her body and mind, long-term depression, not to mention a woman, even a man. Generally speaking, it is unbearable.
In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu, the Eight Nations Allied Forces invaded the city of Beijing. Cixi took Guangxu Emperor, Empress Yehenala family, and Concubine Jin to escape to Xi'an. Another woman in the Guangxu Harem, Zhenfei, stayed forever. The Forbidden City (in the well ordered by Cixi).
But even so, the years are easy to pass, and the middle-aged Yehenalas are thinner and even a little hunched. How can this make Guangxu interested, and Guangxu who returned to the capital still lives a prisoner-like life , Their husband and wife had no chance to meet at all.
October thirty-fourth year of Guangxu,Emperor Guangxu collapsed and passed away in Yingtai Hanyuan Hall in the South China Sea. Later, Cixi, who had run out of oil, designated his grandnephew Puyi as the heir, who was the Emperor Xuantong of . Before she died, Cixi made the following arrangements for the military affairs: "If you don’t know about internal affairs, ask Zhang Zhao, if you don’t know about foreign affairs, ask and Zhou Yu." Uh, sorry, I went to the wrong set. It should look like this:
"Yesterday, after the decree, the regent was appointed to supervise the country. All military affairs officials have learned to follow the instructions given to them and will be implemented. Now they are critically ill and may not be able to afford them. The subsequent military affairs will be ruled by the regent. In case of major incidents. , You must ask the queen dowager to impose your will, and the regent will do it at any time.”
See it, even Cixi doesn’t look down on this niece. Of course, Cixi knows this niece well and knows her cowardly character. Because of this, the military affairs were entrusted to the regent king Zaifeng. Unexpectedly, this Zaifeng is also a cowardly lord. The weak and the weak are added together, but it is not strong. It is weaker. Of course, this Zaifeng is still a bit stronger than Yehenalas, after all, he is a man.
From being registered as a queen on the 26th of the first month of the 15th year of Guangxu, to the death of Emperor Guangxu on October 21, the 34th year of Guangxu, Yehnala clan was the queen for 19 years and 9 months , Became the longest reigning queen in Qing Dynasty history.
3. Longyu Empress Dowager of the wise man of the country
After the death of Emperor Guangxu and Empress Cixi, the Yehnala family moved to Changchun Palace and was revered as the Empress Dowager of Longyu Queen Mother". At that time, Xuantong was only a three-year-old child, so Longyu and Regent King Zaifeng jointly took charge of the precarious Qing Dynasty.
After Long Yu took over the power of the empress dowager, he also wanted to use his authority like his aunt Cixi, but he lacks that ability. Therefore, he can only favor the eunuch Xiao De Zhang beside him.
Cixi also favors eunuchs (An Dehai, Lilianying), but they are nothing more than a tool for Cixi to maintain his power, and Longyu is directly blinded by Xiaode Zhang, Yuan Shikai bribes small De Zhang, advocating the benefits of republic and so on, turned the empress dowager around and gave Yuan Shikai the reputation of being a loyal minister.
Under the joint efforts of the eunuch Xiaode Zhang and Yuan Shikai, Longyu unexpectedly issued an abdication edict on December 25th, the third year of Xuantong. On the second day after the abdication edict was issued, Longyu was still waiting for Yuan Shikai in the palace. When the people around him told the truth about the matter, Longyu was dumbfounded and said, "Did I ruin it from the Qing Dynasty?"
Hey, if you want to say this is Longyu, it's not like his aunt Cixi It's really not a star or a bit, or a political idiot, the Qing Dynasty has forgotten it, and I still don't understand it. To say that she has any ability, it is to cry. When encountering difficult things, she kept wiping tears in front of the emperor Xuantong and the eunuch, but it didn't help. After all, crying couldn't solve the problem. In addition, she was pretty good at spending money. At the time of the national funeral and the treasury was out of money, she wanted to renovate the Yanxi Palace , and for this, she spent a lot of money.
Since the promulgation of this abdicating edict, Long Yu has been kept behind closed doors in the second half of the Forbidden City, sighing constantly, or in a daze all day long.
In the first lunar month of 1913, when Longyu celebrated his birthday, very few people came to congratulate him. This was really called the tree fell and the hunger was scattered. Under the desolate feeling, Longyu finally fell ill. On the 17th of the same year, the birthday passed. In seven days, Long Yu died of illness at the Changchun Palace at the age of 46.
At that time,The small court chose the posthumous title for Long Yu. The alternative posthumous titles are "filial piety", "filial piety", "filial piety", "filial piety", "filial piety", "filial piety", and finally selected "filial piety" , The posthumous title is "Xiaoding Longyu Kuan Hui Shenzhe Association Tianbao Holy King Queen".
Long Yu determined the universe, of course, he sent the universe out, perhaps this is how "Xiaoding" came.
After Longyu's death, those who benefited, such as Yuan Shikai, jumped out and ordered the national flag to be held at half-mast for three days and civil and military officials to wear filial piety on the 27th.
Yuan Shikai even wore a black veil on his arms to offer a memorial service. Li Yuanhong, the vice president at the time, said: "The virtue is the highest, the female middle school Yaoshun." It is estimated that Longyu would get it after he died. Such an evaluation will surely make a wry smile.
On November 16, the second year of the Republic of China, the Queen of Xiaodingjing, Yehe Nala, was buried with Emperor Guangxu in the underground palace of Chongling. This pair was a husband and wife in name, but did not have a relationship between husband and wife. The poor man and woman stayed together after all.
" Ta Kung Pao":
is neither attached to the emperor, nor has he achieved political success, but is solely for the grace of virtue and call for billions of people, and has never used to change the state of . , And the one who loves and respects slightly, since the ancient times, only the former Qing Longyu Queen Mother.
Zichen said:
In fact, the Queen of Xiaodingjing Yehnala is just an ordinary woman in the court. If she is in the peaceful and heyday, she may be able to be a competent queen, but she is born. In troubled times, she was powerless to deal with the disaster of the country, even if she cried out of tears, she could not save the dead Qing Dynasty.
and,She and Emperor Guangxu are also a pair of mandarin ducks with the same fate. They can only serve as puppets for others throughout their lives. They cannot get the life they want, nor the love they want. From this point of view, they are both victims of political life. That's it. We should give more sympathy and understanding. No one can change anything in that environment. The only thing we can do is to follow the wind and the waves and follow the trend.
Reference materials: "Drafts of Qing History", "Records of Dezong" and "Ta Kung Pao"
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