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In 1363, King of France John II appointed his son Philip as the Duke of Burgundy . Since then, Burgundy has grown prosperous and expanded under the leadership of Philip, and soon became one of the richest princes in France and even Europe. How does Philip II lead Burgundy to become stronger, the captain will tell you in detail.
I, born in the royal family
Philip
January 17, 1342, Philip was born in , the Kingdom of France, King of France_strong2span, King of France_strong24span strong25strong and Bonnie son of Luxembourg. Therefore, Philip received a good court education since he was a child, and he was familiar with Latin and swordsmanship. At that time, Britain and France fought for decades to fight for the throne of France, so John II reorganized their armaments and confronted the British army. Philip therefore prefers the military, thinking that one day he will make contributions.
Second, the young hero
John II
In 1356, the Battle of Poitiers broke out between England and France. The 14-year-old Philip therefore participated in the battle with his father John II. Although the French army had twice the number of the British army, it still ended in a disastrous defeat.The battlefield situation was very chaotic, and the French soldiers fled separately. Philip was not afraid at this moment of crisis, and stood up to protect John II and encouraged him to maintain the king's majesty. In the end Philip and John II were captured by the British army, but he won the nickname "Warrior".
Black Prince Edward
British Commander Black Prince Edward Because Philip and John II are brave and unyielding on the battlefield, they are treated with respect and admiration. Subsequently, France negotiated with Britain to redeem the king, and it was not until 1360 that the two parties signed the "Treaty of Bredinie" that Philip and John II were released. Then, in order to reward Philip for his bravery, John II named him Duke of Touraine.
Three, the Duke of Burgundy
The Principality of Burgundy
In 1361, the 15-year-old Duke of Burgundy Philip I died without a child. Therefore, the Principality of Burgundy has attracted the coveting of many of his relatives. John II took the opportunity to announce in the name of the king: he is the closest heir to Philip I, so the Principality of Burgundy will be incorporated into the royal territory. But this caused the dissatisfaction of many Burgundians and many French aristocrats, and they put strong pressure on the king. Later, John II canceled his plan to annex the Duchy of Burgundy, but named his son Philip the Duke of Burgundy and let him take over the territory of the duchy
In 1363, Philip officially became the Duke of Burgundy, and he was called the Duke of Burgundy. Philip II. Because the Principality of Burgundy controlled the fertile land on the west bank of the Saône, Philip II became one of the most powerful nobles in France. Philip II possessed excellent political talents himself, and had always hoped to accomplish a great deal, so he soon put the Principality of Burgundy on the road of expansion and strength.
The Hundred Years' War
After the signing of the Treaty of Bretiny in 1360, The Hundred Years' War between Britain and France entered a longer period of armistice, resulting in widespread unemployment among the large mercenaries in the French army. These mercenaries had no wages to receive and were uncontrolled, so they looted wantonly across France. Philip II then concentrated his efforts on the large mercenary group and relieved them of the threat to the Principality of Burgundy.
IV, annexing Flanders
Margaret
1364, the Earl of Flanders, the 25th Earl of Cambridge, England , Earl of Langley, England Louis II's daughter Margaret is engaged. Since Margaret is the only heir of the Flanders, Flanders will become a British territory and pose a huge threat to France, so it immediately aroused the King of France Charles V (Brother Philip II) The strong opposition. Subsequently, Charles V put pressure on the Pope Urbano V to make him annull the marriage between Edmund and Margaret.
Charles V
In 1369, under the arrangement of Charles V and Marguerite of France (grandmother Margaret, daughter of King Philip V), Philip II Shi married Margaret (who was also engaged to Philip I). Since then, Philip II locked up a large area of the Flemish Kingdom through marriage, laying the foundation for their subsequent integration into the Duchy of Burgundy. In 1379, a large-scale rebellion occurred in the Flanders. Philip II, at the request of his father-in-law Louis II,Intervene in Flemish affairs and help suppress the rebellion.
In 1382, Philip II and his nephew the French king Charles VI (son of Charles V) defeated the Flemish rebels at the Battle of Rothbeck, and consolidated his control over Flanders. In 1383, the British army invaded Flanders because France refused to import British wool, and occupied and ransacked many cities. But soon Britain and France negotiated a ceasefire and ended the conflict.
Principality of Burgundy
In 1384, Louis II died, Philip II became the Earl of Flanders, and the Flanders became the Principality of Burgundy. On the one hand, Philip II built a fortress to strengthen the Flemish defense system; on the other hand, he negotiated with the remaining Flemish rebels and ended the rebellion. Philip II resumed the wool trade with Britain, which brought Flanders into a period of peace and the economy quickly recovered. Because the Flanders and the Duchy of Burgundy are not geographically connected, they are still far apart. Therefore, Philip II tried to integrate the two regions, strengthen the centralization of power, and promote the ties between the two regions.
V. Marriage and expansion
John
Philip II turned his attention to the expansion of the influence of the family of the Holy Roman Empire through marriage. For example, in 1385, Philip II and the Duke of Bavaria Albrecht I were double parents. Philip II’s eldest son John married Margaret of Bavaria,The eldest daughter of Margaret of Burgundy is married to William . Then Philip II married the second daughter of Catherine of Burgundy to the Grand Duke of Austria Leopold III son of Leopold IV . This allowed Burgundy to form close alliances with countries such as Bavaria and Austria.
Charles VI
The Brabant Duchy of the Holy Roman Empire clashed with the Duchy of Helder, and the Duke of Helder attempted to annex Brabant with the support of the United Kingdom. The Duchess of Brabant Jeanne is Margaret’s aunt. In order to ensure that his wife can inherit the Duchy of Brabant, Philip II persuaded Charles VI to send troops to attack Helder. In 1388 he captured Helder and brought it to submission. In order to thank her nephew Philip II for his help, Jeanne agreed to let her grandson Antoine (son of Philip II) inherit the Duchy of Brabant.
V. The French Regency
Isabo in Bavaria
In 1369, King Charles V of France ended his truce against the United Kingdom and launched an attack on the British army. France. Philip II followed his brother Charles V to fight against Britain and regained most of the French territory. In 1380, Charles V died suddenly and his son Charles VI came to the throne. Because Charles VI was young, his three uncles Philip II, Duke of Berry John, Duke of Anjou, Louis I, and uncle Duke of Bourbon Louis II are the same. Serve as the regent.
At the end of 1388, Charles VI, who was 20 years old, took power and took back the power of Philip II and others. But in 1392, Charles VI suddenly became insane and lost the ability to govern the country. Queen of France Isabo of Bavaria established the Regent Committee in 1393 to handle government affairs for her husband Charles VI. Philip II and his nephew Duke of Orleans King Louis I (the younger brother of Charles VI) became the Minister of Regent, fighting for the regent.
Louis I
Since the marriage of Queen Isabeau and Charles VI was arranged by Philip II, he had a great advantage in the early regency. But Issab later supported the Duke of Orleans Louis I (according to rumors that there was an affair between the two), which caused Philip II to be very dissatisfied with this. As the conflict between the two sides intensified, the French royal family was divided into the Burgundian faction and the Orleans faction. Because of his clever political skills, Philip II maintained an advantage in the Regent Committee and dominated the French political situation until his death in 1404.
Church split
Flemish Burgundy is the most prosperous region in Burgundy, and its economy is extremely dependent on trade with the United Kingdom, so Philip II maintains with the United Kingdom good relationship. At the end of the 14th century, the Catholic Church split and was divided into the Holy See and the Holy See of Avignon. France supports the Holy See in Avignon, while Britain and the Holy Roman Empire support the Holy See. As the Regent of France and Duke of Burgundy, Philip II naturally chose to support the Holy See of Avignon.But as the Count of Flanders, he chose to support the Holy See because of British reasons.
Generally speaking, Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, was a very powerful and powerful nobleman. He expanded his territory through marriage and other means, which made the territory of the Principality of Burgundy rapidly expand. At the same time, Philip II used himself as the younger brother of his elder brother Charles V and the uncle and regent of his nephew Charles VI, using the power of the King to help him achieve two important expansions. Britain and France became mortal enemies because of the Hundred Years' War, and even Philip II was captured by the British army. But Philip II understood the importance of Britain to the Flanders, so he maintained trade with Britain and ensured the prosperity of the Flemish economy.
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