On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong, a great man, passed away. In order to allow the Chinese people to look up to Chairman Mao's remains, the country decided after discussion to preserve his remains for a long time.
In order for the Chinese people to pay homage to a ruddy-faced Chairman Mao’s body, the state used various methods, and finally decided to use the internal projection color matching plastic surgery program, so that Chairman Mao looked like he was sleeping The same.
Chairman Mao, as the founder of New China, his death is undoubtedly a pain in the hearts of Chinese people, although Chairman Mao hoped that his body could be cremated and buried on Xishan .
Therefore, in response to the issue of how to deal with Chairman Mao's body, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee convened an urgent meeting. After everyone unanimously decided that Chairman Mao's body cannot be cremated, it must be preserved for a long time.
He is a monument in the hearts of the Chinese people. Only if it is preserved for a long time, this monument in the hearts of the people will not collapse and their spiritual pillar will always exist. Only in this way will the people remember the hard work of the older generation of revolutionaries such as Chairman Mao.
After a decision has been made on the disposal of the remains, the next step is the technical problem. How to preserve the remains for a long time?
In order to solve this problem, the central government specially established the "Chairman Mao Remains Group", and Gu Mu, the Vice Premier of the State Council, is responsible for docking this group.Their task is to put forward relevant opinions on the construction of the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and the protection of the remains.
Gu Mu brought together these team members and emphasized the preservation of the remains, the design of the crystal coffin, the manufacturing issues, and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall on the first anniversary of Chairman Mao’s death. Build it up.
1. The protection of the body
How to keep the body for a long time is a difficult problem. At that time, there was no such precedent in China.
Xu Jing, Zhang Bingchang, and Chen Kequan were responsible for the long-term preservation of the remains. After Chairman Mao passed away, they were told to be responsible for this work, so they formed a group to discuss the initial embalming plan.
They first disinfected the room where Chairman Mao’s body was located. The surrounding area should be kept clean to make it easy to operate. A little dust will affect the handling of the body.
Then the three of them performed an autopsy on Chairman Mao's body, and after the autopsy, they carried out antiseptic treatment. Because they need to be preserved for a long time, a few people have no experience and can only observe while doing it.
after injecting a large amount of preservatives, it can guarantee a longer storage time, but when the swelling phenomenon brought about will disappear, they have no idea. Fortunately, after a day’s time, they finally dissipated completely, and the remains are being sent. To the Great Hall of the People, satisfactory results have been achieved.
After finishing the anti-corrosion work,These experts have been waiting next to the body, not even eating food. They have been observing the changes in the body, such as the color of the skin, the toughness of the skin, the degree of movement of the joints, and the degree of closure of the eyes and mouth. , And record all changes one by one.
In the end, they also carefully measured the size of the remains. First, it was convenient to make clothes, and the other was to make crystal coffins.
's handling of Chairman Mao's body, these three people were extremely careful and cautious, and even the postures that the body had to pose, they all needed to ask the central leader for instructions, and did not dare to slacken their efforts.
In order to make it easier for the people to pay respects to Chairman Mao's body, a vessel for storing the body is needed, preferably made of transparent material, so that the people can see clearly.
Among all transparent materials, only crystal has the best transparency and is resistant to corrosion, so everyone decided to use a crystal coffin.
This crystal coffin must be solemn, with Chinese characteristics, and be able to deal with all emergencies, such as preventing earthquakes, wars, accidental damage and so on.
Use a crystal coffin to protect the remains. There is no precedent before Chairman Mao, so there is no trace of it. Although many leaders of the Soviet Union are kept in crystal coffins, the situation at that time did not allow China to send people to it. Soviet study and production. Everything can only rely on everyone's wisdom, so the production of the crystal coffin is particularly difficult.
In order to provide Chairman Mao with the best crystal coffin, from the 10th, many designers began to draw designs day and night, and some experts calculated the required size.Some are discussing how to do the best, and everyone performs their duties and twists into a rope.
The shape of the crystal coffin should match the image of Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao has a magnificent figure and needs to be covered with party flags, so the crystal coffin needs to be large enough.
At that time, there were not many factories in Beijing that could make crystal coffins. It was almost impossible to find a crystal coffin suitable for Chairman Mao.
So the country found 608 factories and assigned them a task to study a world-class crystal coffin. After receiving the central instructions, the 608 factory began intense and orderly work, such as the system design of the crystal coffin, the shape of the coffin body, the lighting system in the crystal coffin, and finally the protection of the remains. All work must be done. The premise is that the protection of the remains cannot be hindered.
After various comparisons, it is finally determined that the crystal coffin body is made into a trapezoid, and it is synthesized with five crystal plates to make the crystal coffin look more beautiful.
For the protection of the remains, this crystal coffin must not only be antiseptic, but also must be protected from light and oxygen at low temperature. Because Chairman Mao was relatively large, the crystal coffin needed was relatively long. At that time, it was difficult to find a crystal coffin that was more than 2 meters long. In order to complete this task, the workers in the factory used small crystals one after another. The plates are welded together.
After all the work inside the crystal coffin was completed, Chairman Mao’s body was carefully stored in, and this optical system was activated. Under the operation of the system, Chairman Mao’s body was full of life. It's amazing.
After everybody’s constant experimentation, the crystal coffin finally realized that Chairman Mao’s body would not be deformed even when viewed from the outside.Discoloration, the most important thing is that the crystal coffin is not breathable.
Because the internal setting system of the crystal coffin needs to be connected to the outside world, the bottom surface of the crystal coffin is chosen to use marble, and several pipes are laid on the base to realize automatic temperature control in the crystal coffin, and it can also be filled with gas to ensure sufficient light.
In order to achieve the best viewing effect and ensure that the crystal coffin has a firm structure and is not easily damaged by the outside world, the experts also conducted a mechanical analysis of the design results. According to the principles of mechanics, the balance of each coffin was carried out. The test finally confirmed several coffin plates of the crystal coffin. Even if the coffin board is combined, it is very strong.
Second, the body is ruddy and shiny
The body of the leader must not only be corrupt, but also be brilliant and lifelike. When people pay their respects, they will put their attention and energy on the great man for the first time. To achieve this effect, there are many problems.
If you just rely on the ceiling light in the coffin, the chandelier is definitely not good, so the face will be dark and the image will be greatly reduced. Installing a fluorescent lamp on the crystal coffin can solve the problem of the brightness of the lamp when it arrives, but the fluorescent lamp will cause a trouble. When it shines on the face, it will cause deformation. When it shines on the chin and other parts, there will be shadows. Not only is it not lifelike, but also Will destroy the beauty of the remains.
The entire memorial hall took half a year to build. The total construction area reached more than 30,000 square meters, and the main building occupies 33,718 square meters.
wants to achieve this effect,The face of the body must be plasticized. At that time, an expert who participated in the National Film Lens Competition proposed that you can use cloud film optics technology instead of makeup paint, but choose to use the method of light distribution and color matching, that is, non-contact light plastic surgery.
Of course, for the protection of the remains, the temperature should also be well controlled. It is most appropriate to control the temperature to 1-4 degrees. If the temperature is high, bacteria will breed, rot and damage the remains, so only cold light can be used for lighting. The light source also needs to reduce the damage caused by infrared rays and direct ultraviolet rays to the body.
In order to achieve the stalwart, radiant and lifelike image of Chairman Mao's body, Beijing 608 Factory also deliberately set up two teams, one responsible for lighting and the other for plastic surgery.
In order to solve these two problems, all parts of the country have made contributions. The central government specially recruited experts in medicine, physics, illumination, lighting, photography and many other fields from the whole country to screen the proposals submitted by these various places. In the end, two solutions were selected from the numerous solutions, both of which were called optical facelift solutions.
The proponents of these two solutions are the external projection system proposed by Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the internal projection system proposed by Beijing 608 Factory.
According to the principle of the implementation of the two programs, the country decides which program to adopt according to the difficulty of implementation and the final effect.
To add color and facelift to the remains without any modification, you also need to take pictures of the remains that you want to pay attention to at the projection objective, and finally you need to reflect the color photos into the coffin through the projection objective. On the remains.
This scheme is too complicated, not to mention, it will destroy the shape of the hall of worship, and there are not a few people who come to mourn Chairman Mao every day.A lot of dust will be brought in, and the light beams from the ceiling will pass through the dust to form many light beams from different directions, which will give people a sense of chaos.
The color film is very badly eaten, and it is easy to increase the temperature in the crystal coffin, which is not good for the preservation of the remains. It is difficult to reduce the temperature in the coffin by finding ways to reduce the temperature in the coffin. Too big, this kind of plan is not conducive to the protection of the remains in any aspect, so the central government decided to adopt the second method.
In order not to increase the temperature in the coffin, a cold light source is adopted, and the light source will not be close to the body. The light pipe made of optical fiber is used to guide the light to the bottom of the coffin board. The light objective lens passes the light through the end plate, and projects the light onto the reflecting spherical mirror on the coffin lid, and finally reflects the light onto the corpse. The best part of this solution is that the light projection objective and the reflecting spherical lens can be combined at will, according to the light energy needs of the face. , High and low, left and right can be adjusted. Because the projection objective lens has different light projection directions, the face of the body can be illuminated adequately, softly and evenly, and a satisfactory effect can be achieved.
This set of lighting system and light plastic surgery system are cleverly integrated, so that the various colors of light shining on the corpse's face are achieved through various color adjustments of the projection objective. It saves space and shortens the research schedule.
In addition, the cold light source used in the internal projection system can also be combined with the lighting in the coffin, which can not only highlight the appearance, but also can directly damage the corpse of the infrared , avoiding ultraviolet rays.
From a distance, he feels that our Chairman Mao is asleep, his face is rosy and shiny, but also very soft, which makes people reluctant to interrupt.
Because of the strong concealment of this lighting system,So many people can't tell, they think the ruddy on the face is real. The proposal of this plan immediately won unanimous praise from the Central Committee and the leaders, and the decision was made to follow this.
Although the theory is feasible, the central leadership still needs to see the final effect, which is proved by facts. In order to achieve this effect, they used a simulated plaster for the light-emitting color matching, but because the plaster itself reflects light, the effect of the color matching is very poor, which is far from the original idea.
In order to achieve the said effect, it is still necessary to use real specimens for experiments, so the anatomy group of Beijing Medical University took out a specimen that had been preserved for ten years for them to do the experiment.
Because of the long storage time, the specimens have been darkened, and the face is covered with wrinkles. After the specimens are obtained, everyone starts to cast light and color to simulate the appearance of Chairman Mao’s corpse and observe according to the route. The result of the experiment was exactly what everyone expected. The face was ruddy and wrinkles were a lot less. People who didn't know thought that this talent had just passed away. This result is undoubtedly emotional.
Now that the plan has been determined, the next step is to assemble and make. All the staff are not afraid of hard work and meticulous investment, and finally completed this plan in the crystal coffin before the end of May.
After all the work inside the crystal coffin was completed, Chairman Mao's body was carefully stored in, and this optical system was activated. Under the operation of the system, Chairman Mao's body was full of vitality, which is amazing.
The peculiarity of this whole set of solutions is that it not only does not damage the body, but also repairs various parts of the body. Where there is a little flaw, the light system will automatically adjust to make the whole The body has always remained lifelike and full of life.
3. Chairman Mao Memorial Hall
Gu Mu pointed out when he was building the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall,When designing, we must distinguish the tombs of the exploiting class rulers of the feudal dynasties in the past. Because in the past, the working people and the exploiting classes were on opposite sides, so when they built the tomb, they always showed their dignity and insurmountable status inside and outside the tomb.
But the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is different. Chairman Mao came out of the people. The relationship with the people is the relationship between water and fish, which is inseparable. Therefore, Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall should be solemn and magnificent.
After many choices, it was finally decided to build the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall at the southern end of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. This location is adjacent to Tiananmen Square , and between the History Museum and the Chinese Revolution Museum.
After analyzing the suggestions given by the experts, it was finally decided to build the memorial hall into a square with eight compartments, a double eaves roof, and white marble railings surrounding the red granite foundation stone.
The memorial hall has a total of three floors. The first floor is a hall used to pay homage to Chairman Mao’s body. In addition to Chairman Mao, here are also written the glorious deeds of proletarian revolutionaries such as Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De; the second floor It is an exhibition room and a movie hall; the basement is a room for mechanical and electrical equipment, as well as a place for staff to work.
The construction of the entire memorial hall took half a year. The total construction area has reached more than 30,000 square meters, and the main building occupies 33,718 square meters.
The north hall of the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is for commemorative activities. It can accommodate 600 to 700 people every day. On the front of the hall is a seated statue of Chairman Mao made of a white marble sculpture over 3 meters high. The whole seated statue is lifelike and approachable. Serene and steady, with a faint smile on his face, radiant.
The salutation hall is a rectangular hall in the north-south direction.It is the most important part of the memorial hall, where Chairman Mao’s remains are placed.
There is a long corridor from the north hall to the admiration hall, which is specially arranged so that the masses can adapt well from the environment with strong light to the environment with weak light.
lying quietly among thousands of flowers, Chairman Mao with the party flag on his body is wearing the tunic suit he often wears, looking so kind and stable. People can't help but admire, this kind of technology is really breathtaking!
In order to make it convenient for the people to pay their respects, a lifting system is specially installed here. When receiving people's respect, the body will rise to a height for viewing, and when the viewing is over, it will fall back to its original position. protected area.
Of course, in order to highlight the personal deeds of Chairman Mao during his lifetime, group sculptures are set up at the north and south gates of the memorial hall. This group of sculptures is also delicate. The group sculptures in front of the north gate are mainly the magnificent military exploits of Chairman Mao, and the group sculptures in front of the south gate are the decision of our people to realize socialism.
The power of the people is great. After the state has transmitted instructions, all elites from all walks of life in the country have begun to contribute their ideas to protect Chairman Mao’s body. Tightening a screw, as large as the design drawings, every process, contains the people's strong friendship for Chairman Mao.
Today, there have been more than hundreds of millions of visits to Chairman Mao, but Chairman Mao’s body is still vigorous and energetic, and the expression on his face is always so peaceful, making Chairman Mao in people’s hearts The image is always so brilliant.
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