History of Chongqing (6)

From November 1937 to May 1946, the Nationalist Government moved to Chongqing, and it was called the "Paid Capital" at that time. In 1939, Chongqing was promoted to a city under the jurisdiction of the court. On September 6, 1940, the National Government issued the "National Government Order", officially confirming Chongqing as the "accompanying capital". Chongqing has a medium-sized city in the southwest mountainous area, which has become the center of Chinese politics, economy, commerce, finance, transportation culture and diplomatic activities at that time.

After the July 7th Incident in 1937, the Japanese war of aggression against China broke out. In October 1938, Guangzhou fell, then Wuhan, and finally Nanjing. Three hundred thousand innocent people were killed.

Chongqing is surrounded by steep mountains and the east is the mighty Yangtze River. The Japanese ground forces could not approach it, so they changed their offensive strategy. Starting on February 18, 1938, the aviation forces of the Japanese Army and the Navy began to carry out aviation offensive operations against Chongqing. , To August 23, 1943, which lasted 6 years, Chongqing's economic losses from all walks of life amounted to more than 5 million U.S. dollars, and 61,400 people were killed or injured. In the face of the devastated land of China, the Nationalist Government formally announced its war against Japan on December 9, 1941. At this time, more than 4 years had passed since the Japanese invasion of China.

As the accompanying capital and temporary capital, the National Government and the main head offices have all moved to Chongqing. A large number of industrial and commercial enterprises, colleges and universities and scientific research institutions have moved to Chongqing with the government. Chongqing’s comprehensive strength has been greatly improved. Elites from all walks of life have gathered in Chongqing. The Communist Party of China has also established important offices in Chongqing, forming a national anti-Japanese united front. Culture became the mainstream culture of this period.

In the autumn of 1945, Mao Zedong personally visited Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and signed the famous "Double Ten Agreement." After several years of studying history, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have left many historical relics here, most of which are now open to the outside world for people to visit.