In the spring of 1958, Chairman Mao was on the plane inspecting the south and he saw the report "A Cooperative That Changed Its Face After Two Years of Fighting" submitted by the Xinxiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China. Situation and experience.
Chairman Mao thought about it after seeing it. On April 15th, he wrote the famous chapter "Introducing a Cooperative" in Guangzhou. On June 1, after being published in the first position of the inaugural issue of the theoretical publication of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China " red flag", it immediately caused a shock across the country. Yingjushe became a hot spot of public opinion for a while, and Fengqiu County became popular overnight. Cui Xiyan, a farmer in Fengqiu, is also known by the people all over the country.
Yingju Agricultural Cooperative is located in the west of Fengqiu County. There are 204 households and 1074 people in the whole community. It suffers from natural disasters all the year round, and most farmers fled to fleeing famine. Since 1956, Yingju Society, under the leadership of its president Cui Xiyan and branch secretary Cui Ruogu, has shaken off poverty and has become a red flag on the national agricultural front.
In May 1958, Cui Xiyan went to Beijing to attend the Fourth National Civil Affairs Work Conference, and many units in Beijing invited him to give a report. In the speech, Cui Xiyan was very eloquent and spoke well. A few words can ignite people's enthusiasm. The audience applauded, cheered, and wrote notes, saying, "Cui Xiyan's report allows us to see the growth of newcomers and the wisdom and brilliance of working farmers." At Peking University , tens of thousands of listeners braved the rain to listen to Cui Xiyan's speech until one o'clock in the morning. When Cui Xiyan left, people crowded around like a tide, vying to see the demeanor of this wise farmer from Henan.
The report is so popular that Cui Xiyan could not have imagined it. His education level is not high, and he has only attended private school for three years. Later, forced by life, he went to the Xiangguo Temple in Kaifeng to write a doctrine. He is talented and smart, and he is now selling hot, but he is more skilled and shocking.
Cui Xiyan's popularity in the capital also attracted the attention of Chairman Mao.On the afternoon of June 14th, Chairman Mao cordially received Cui Xiyan in Zhongnanhai. Also with him were Xiong Tianjing, Director of Relief Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of , Shi Desheng, Minister of Civil Affairs of Henan, and Zhang Jiannan, Mayor of Fengqiu County. Chairman Mao shook hands with Cui Xiyan and others, and gave everyone tea and cigarettes. "I watched the report you are at CPPCC, and it was done well." Chairman Mao said to Cui Xiyan, "You have taught those big intellectuals a very vivid lesson with the reality of your application." 1958 In 1 year, China just had TV. It was through this most modern propaganda tool that Chairman Mao saw this wonderful scene.
"Actually, I haven't read a few years." Cui Xiyan said, "On knowledge, all the people sitting down that day were my teachers."
"No." Chairman Mao said, "You are very wise. What you said is good."
Chairman Mao then asked Fengqiu County Magistrate Zhang Jiannan: "Who wrote the report of Yingju Society?" Zhang Jiannan replied that it was Han Hongxu, the first secretary of the Fengqiu County Party Committee. written. Chairman Mao turned to ask Cui Xiyan: "Why is your cooperative called Yingju Society?" Cui Xiyan replied: "In our village, there was a literary juren. This juren is different from the general juren. He does not exploit others, but lives on self-reliance. Life. Our cooperative is also relying on self-reliance to survive the famine, so it is called Yingju."
Chairman Mao laughed: "It's very interesting. What you recommend is the literary jur in your village in the past, and I recommend you Yingju Society. . As the name suggests, we are recommending a spirit that should be recommended, President Cui, are you right?"
"Yes, yes." Cui Xiyan replied. Everyone laughed at the same time.
Chairman Mao asked again: "How much of the wheat should be harvested per mu?"
"The estimated yield is 150 jin per mu." Cui Xiyan sat opposite Chairman Mao and answered all questions.
Chairman Mao pinpointed and calculated: "You plan to produce 800 jin per mu for the whole year, but the wheat can only be harvested at 150 jin, which is still more than 600 jin. Is it possible to realize the plan of 800 jin per mu this year?"
"Absolutely sure."Cui Xiyan is full of confidence.
"What are the conditions for increasing production?" Chairman Mao continued to ask.
"First, our cooperative has achieved water conservancy." Last winter and this spring, we completed a water conservancy project of 80,000 earthwork and repaired 110 irrigation channels, which can draw water from the Yellow River and pour all the land of the whole community.
"Yes, it's a condition. Chairman Mao wrote it down in his notebook.
"Secondly, this year's fertilizer accumulation has increased significantly. In the past, only 2,000 catties per mu of land were fertilized. This year, 40,000 catties per acre were fertilized. Third, change low-yield crops to high-yield crops. This year, our company will plant 2,830 acres of rice, 800 acres of sweet potatoes, 200 acres of cotton, 186 acres of miscellaneous grains , and 50 acres of flowers (cotton). "
"Sweet potato is a treasure. It is delicious, I love it very much. It is best to allocate a portion of sweet potatoes to each person's grain in the future.
Cui Xiyan nodded, and continued: "Fourth, everyone in our cooperative is very strong. Although our lives are not rich yet, everyone realizes that the only way to change the face of poverty is Come on.
"This is a very important condition. Chairman Mao praised.
"There is also a fifth condition, which is also the most important one. Cui Xiyan increased his tone.
"Speak. "Chairman Mao immersed himself in the record, not missing anything.
"Chairman Mao introduced our company to the people of the whole country in the "Red Flag" magazine not long ago. Today, Chairman Mao personally met us again and gave us valuable instructions. Once I go back and relay them, Chairman Mao's instructions will become our capacity to increase production. The enthusiasm of all members will be greater, and the yield per mu will increase.
Chairman Mao stood up, walked to Cui Xiyan, and said, "Wow, your five conditions are right." He sat back in his position, habitually folds a cigarette into two pieces, and after lighting it, said to Cui Xiyan: "We must guard against arrogance and rashness, cadres and the masses must unite closely, and the red flag must always be inserted in your community." , So that the red flag is inserted higher and higher.
Cui Xiyan said, we must keep the chairman's words in mind.
"The transportation of your cooperative is convenient and inconvenient?" Chairman Mao asked again.
"It should be located 50 kilometers east of Xinxiang, and the transportation is very convenient. After the Xinxiang train, there is a direct car to our cooperative, and the surrounding roads also extend in all directions." Cui Xiyan replied.
"Okay." Chairman Mao said: "In a few days, I will visit your agency if I have time."
"All the members of our Yingju Club are looking forward to this day." Cui Xiyan was excited. Say.
Chairman Mao thoughtfully said: "You were a poor society in the past. After several years of hard work, you have changed your face. If you continue like this, you will be better in a few years," Cui Xiyan told the chairman. These achievements were achieved due to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao. "
"No, no. "Chairman Mao shook his hand, "This is due to the joint efforts of all members of your cooperative. To manage the affairs of the whole country well, we must rely on the efforts of the country's 600 million people. Then, Chairman Mao painted a picture of a happy life for everyone present: "If you can have the speed and drive of Yingju Society, it will not be long. Each person in the country can have an average of 1,000 jin of grain per year (of which 600 people eat 600 pounds). Jin, the rest is reserved for grain reserves, seeds and pig feeding), 100 kg of pork, 20 kg of oil, and 20 kg of cotton. In this way, the living standards of the people across the country will be greatly improved.
At this time, Cui Xiyan remembered that the originally scheduled meeting time had already passed, so he meant to say goodbye and said, "Chairman, you are tired, we should go back."
"No, no," Chairman Mao was not tired and interested, "Sit down for a while, then sit down for a while." Besides, if we keep talking, we can't let them cool off!" At this time, the secretary came over and reminded the chairman that it is time for dinner at the civil affairs meeting. If it is late, the guests will not be able to catch up with dinner when they go back.
"No gone back. "Chairman Mao said, "I will eat here today, and the people regard food as their heaven. I invite them to eat." Go and eat.
can eat at Chairman Mao’s house,Being able to be left for dinner by Chairman Mao is something that everyone never expected. The food is set on the table. Chairman Mao entered the house and introduced to the whole family: "This is the cooperative I introduced in the "Red Flag" magazine-Comrade Cui Xiyan, the president of Yingju Society."
Li Ne immediately wanted to lift Cui Xiyan up. The two of them were not strong enough, so Mao Yuanxin, who was standing by the side, also came to help. This unique welcome ceremony before the meal really shocked Cui Xiyan.
At this time, Jiang Qing walked over and said: "Okay, let President Cui put down." Then he said to Cui Xiyan: "President Cui, you should feel honored. This is the highest etiquette when our family comes to visit."
"I am honored. Honor." The unique and solemn etiquette made Cui Xiyan no more suitable word except "honour."
Chairman Mao is together with Li Min, Li Ne and Mao Yuanxin
Then, Chairman Mao introduced his family to everyone one by one. Chairman Mao pointed to Li Min and Li Ne and said: "These are my two daughters, they are both studying." When introducing Mao Yuanxin, Chairman Mao said: "This is my nephew, the child of my brother Mao Zemin. We are. Of the three brothers, two were killed by the Kuomintang." In the end, it was Jiang Qing. Chairman Mao said with a smile: "She is my lover." Jiang Qing was dressed plainly and was a housewife.
The dining table is round. As soon as Chairman Mao enters the room, he sits near the door and does not move. Leave the position facing the door in the middle, but no one goes to sit. Everyone pushed around, and finally Chairman Mao made a speech and let the nanny sit there.
The meals on the table are not complicated, a bowl of stewed chicken , a bowl of braised pork, a plate of fried bitter gourd , as well as scrambled eggs and fried green peppers. Jiang Qing made an exception and headed the cook personally to show her respect and love to the farmers. Jiang Qing originally placed the bitter gourd that Chairman Mao loved to eat in the front position facing the door where Chairman Mao was accustomed to sitting. However, Chairman Mao did not sit upright today, so Jiang Qing had to readjust the dishes that had been placed.
During the dinner, Chairman Mao kept picking up dishes for everyone. Chairman Mao put a piece of braised pork into Cui Xiyan’s bowl next to him,Said: "Farmers love to eat meat, they should eat more meat." And Chairman Mao eats most of the peppers which are smaller than green beans and a plate of bitter gourd. He took bitter gourd for Cui Xiyan to eat, but Cui Xiyan did not dare to care. The courageous Zhang Jiannan tasted it, and immediately turned his face into a real bitter gourd, but it was not easy to spit it out in front of everyone.
Chairman Mao asked: "How does it taste?" Zhang Jiannan was not easy to discourage everyone, saying: "It's okay, it's okay." One sentence made everyone laugh. The restraint has been broken. Jiang Qing continued to add food and soup to everyone, while Li Min and Li Na asked Cui Xiyan about this and that, and the atmosphere gradually became warmer. Chairman Mao said to Jiang Qing: "You should learn from the peasants." Chairman Mao also told Cui Xiyan that he planned to put Li Min and Li Ne on the job to exercise.
After the meal, Chairman Mao asked the nanny to bring out a plate of apples. Cui Xiyan was not willing to eat, but brought back one as a souvenir. This apple was once hung in the room of Yingjushe and was watched by people for a long time.
Cui Xiyan returned from Beijing full of praise. He excitedly described to all the cadres and members of the happy meeting of Chairman Mao, and he took an apple he brought from Chairman Mao's home to show everyone. Cui Xiyan conveyed Chairman Mao’s cordial teaching to the people: “We must guard against arrogance and rashness, cadres and the masses must be closely united, and red flags must always be inserted in your community, so that the red flags will be inserted higher and higher." Always remember this glorious history, they wrote "Introducing a Cooperative" on the wall in the middle of the village as a driving force for educating, spurring, and motivating cadres and members to march forward courageously.
is adapted from Sun Xing's "Chairman Mao's First Farmer Friend in New China-Cui Xiyan"
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