In the movie " decisive battle", Chiang Kai-shek said this when mobilizing before the war of Huaihai battle:
"Twenty years ago, I embarked on the journey from Xuzhou, The second northern expedition of began, and the Chinese begonia leaves were unified. Wherever the party and the army go, the people welcome it. It can be said that when the sky is occupied, the realm of vitality and competition is still in sight. After just 20 years, has this place changed and become our burial place?"
Although Chiang Kai-shek in history may not have really said that, but according to his personality, he must have thought about it. .
The so-called "Second Northern Expedition" in 1928 allowed Chiang Kai-shek to unite the country in form and gained considerable prestige. With the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek's personal prestige reached its peak accordingly.
Because of this, Chiang Kai-shek's heart is undoubtedly very arrogant, even after retreating to Taiwan, he never gave up his inner pride.
However, the arrogant and suspicious Chiang Kai-shek once confessed to the people around him in his later years: "I have only feared two people in my life and admired one person."
Chiang Kai-shek
So, who is the person who can make Chiang Kai-shek fear and admire?
Deng Yanda and the "Third Party"
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, the vigorous revolution, and the Communist Party chose to launch an armed uprising and overthrow it by force. The reign of Chiang Kai-shek. The Kuomintang leftists, who were also targeted by Chiang Kai-shek, also made their own choices.
The representative of the left of the Kuomintang at that time was Deng Yanda. He was exactly one of the two people that Jiang Jieshi said that made him afraid.
Deng Yanda
Deng Yanda is an "old man" of the KMT, and he has won the trust of Mr. Sun Yat-sen. The relationship between him and Chiang Kai-shek was very harmonious at the very beginning. In February 1924, Chiang Kai-shek, the chairman of the preparatory committee of the Whampoa Military Academy, ran back to his hometown, citing "difficult environment" as an excuse. Sun Yat-sen immediately dispatched Deng Yanda to Fenghua, Zhejiang to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to return to Guangdong.
Deng Yanda did not live up to Sun Yat-sen's trust, and successfully persuaded Chiang Kai-shek to come back and take the charge of Whampoa Military Academy .
In the process of preparing for the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, Deng Yanda can be said to have made great efforts. In order to ensure the quality of enrollment, he personally went to Shanghai and other places to inspect students and find teachers, and recruit many outstanding students and teachers.
However, when the Whampoa Army correction was established, Deng Yanda was squeezed out by Wang Bailing , and angrily chose to go to Germany for further study.
After Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, many changes occurred within the Kuomintang. Chiang Kai-shek had too many part-time jobs on his shoulders and could not focus too much energy on the military academy, so he wrote to invite Deng Yanda to return to China as soon as possible. Soon after, Deng Yanda was appointed as the head of education of the Whampoa Military Academy and became the number three figure in Whampoa.
Deng Yanda (middle)
Deng Yanda can be said to be a staunch leftist of the Kuomintang. He firmly supports Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "Alliance with Russia, Allied with the Communist Party, and Helping Workers and Peasants", and has a very close relationship with the Communist Party. However, Deng Yanda's pro-communist views run counter to Chiang Kai-shek's ideas.
For example, when Chiang Kai-shek saw that the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy had published many communist propaganda publications, he said: "Such anti-propaganda will do little harm to the army, individuals, and even Whampoa, and it will have a great impact on the future of the revolution."
Later, Chiang Kai-shek established the Central Party Headquarters in Nanchang and prepared to fight against Wang Jingwei's Wuhan National Government. The relationship between Deng Yanda and Chiang Kai-shek further deteriorated.
In February 1927, Wuhan launched the "Restore Party Power Movement" to control Chiang Kai-shek’s personal military dictatorship.And a special action committee was established. As a member of the committee, Deng Yanda accepted the appointment to go to Guangzhou to persuade Li Jishen to keep pace with Wuhan, but Li Jishen refused.
Li Jishen
This move made Chiang Kai-shek very angry, especially when he learned that Deng Yanda had also tried to persuade Huangpu students to "anti-Jiang", he was so angry that he cursed: "Yanda is a fool!" The relationship between Deng and Deng was completely broken.
On the eve of Wang Jingwei's formal betrayal of the revolution in 1927, Deng Yanda issued a declaration "Farewell to Comrades of the Chinese Kuomintang" on June 30, and instead tried to condemn Chiang Kai-shek’s tendency to compromise on the Wuhan regime’s no longer supporting the "United Communist Party" policy. , Officially announced his resignation from the post of director of 's General Political Department. After that, Deng Yanda went abroad secretly, and on November 1st of the same year, he and Soong Ching Ling , Chen Youren and others issued the "Declaration to the People of the Revolution of China and the World" in Moscow, publicly opposing Chiang.
After living in Europe for more than two years, Deng Yanda returned to China in May 1930 and established the "Chinese Kuomintang Provisional Action Committee" ( known as the third party) in Shanghai three months later. The main political line is : "Under the leadership of the bourgeoisie, realizes the anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, and anti-Chiang Jieshi'civilian revolution', establishes a'civilian government' based on workers and peasants and centered on peasants and workers, and finally realizes socialism."
Deng Yanda
In order to achieve this goal, Deng Yanda specially organized and launched the "Whampoa Revolutionary Student Association", Chiang Kai-shek's direct line Luo Zhuoying, Du Yuming, _span to Zhou Songxirou and others Participated, Chen Cheng was also developed into a "secret party member" of the third party.
Deng Yanda's "third party" has developed rapidly. In a short period of time, he has established grass-roots party organizations in 14 provinces and cities including Nanjing, Beijing, and Guangdong.
In August 1931, Deng Yanda was preparing to go to Jiangxi to plan an armed uprising, but Chen Jingzhai, a traitor, revealed his whereabouts. He was arrested by the authorities at No. 20 Yuyuanfang, Yuyuan Road, Shanghai on the 17th. The reason for the arrest was "Deng Yanda is a Communist."
After catching Deng Yanda, Chiang Kai-shek was happy and entangled in his heart. Happily, Deng Yanda was finally caught. When he learned that Deng Yanda had been in a state of anxiety since returning to China, he would rather Deng Yanda run to join the Communist Party than see Deng Yanda stand on his own and rob Huangpu students from him. Once the Huangpu system was lost, Chiang Kai-shek lost his foundation. After catching Deng Yanda, he can finally get a good night's sleep.
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek hesitated that Deng Yanda was very comparable after all, and the generals of the Huangpu line were more old than him. Deng Yuanda himself was also the director of the Political Department of the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Expedition and the commander of the Wuchang Siege. He likes to take the lead and has a high prestige in the army, let alone killing Deng Yanda, he dare not even interrogate publicly, because he is afraid of the Whampoa Department of trouble.
For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek sent people to persuade Deng Yanda many times, as long as he was willing to cooperate with him, cancel the third party, and immediately appointed him as the deputy commander-in-chief of the "suppression bandit", but Deng Yanda categorically refused.
Deng Yanda
Within a few days, the "September 18th" Incident broke out, and the whole country was boiling. Chiang Kai-shek, who had caused a confrontation between Ning and Yue because of the detention of Hu Hanmin, was unanimously condemned by the ruling and opposition parties. There have been a lot of anti-Chiang activities and calls for the release of Deng Yanda, Chiang Kai-shek had to prepare for the rebellion.
When Chiang Kai-shek felt entangled about "Let Deng Yanda or kill him", his close friend Dai Jitao warned: "The terrible enemy of today is not in Wang Jingwei and Chen Jitang. Can shake the foundation," There is no one other than Deng Yanda who disperses the revolutionary forces of Whampoa." Dai Jitao’s words completely strengthened Chiang Kai-shek’s determination to kill Deng Yanda, and Hu Zongnan and more than 20 Whampoa graduates wrote a joint letter requesting bail for Deng Yanda, which added fuel to the fire.
Dai Jitao
It is precisely because of the Whampoa system in his hand that Chiang Kai-shek dared to decide "second time in the wild". He firmly believes that it will not be long before he can come back to power again. The problem is, if Deng Yanda is alive, Chiang Kai-shek After going off the wild, the Whampoa system may choose to support Deng Yanda, so he really didn’t sing.
Therefore, on the eve of Chiang Kai-shek’s formal departure, he secretly ordered his guard leader Wang Shihe to assassinate Deng Yanda.
In December 1931, The news of Deng Yanda’s assassination leaked, and the grief-stricken Soong Ching Ling publicly condemned Chiang Kai-shek’s criminal actions. This incident also caused a huge sensation among the Whampoa students. Almost overnight, many big cities such as Shanghai were filled with "Down with Chiang Kai-shek!" "," Revenge for Deng Yanda!
It is precisely because Deng Yanda has caused such a big influence on Chiang Kai-shek, even in his later years, Chiang Kai-shek still fears him.
Deng Yanda
Chairman Mao: Chiang Kai-shek’s feared "lifetime" The enemy"
The second person that Chiang Kai-shek was afraid of was not someone else, but Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek could be regarded as "old friendships", they had met as early as 1924.
January 1924 On the 20th, the Nationalist Party’s “First One” was officially opened at Guangdong Higher Normal College in Guangzhou. At that time Chairman Mao was an official representative elected by the Kuomintang members of Hunan Province (). Kuomintang), in the meeting place, he saw Chiang Kai-shek for the first time. However, Chiang Kai-shek was not very influential in the Kuomintang at that time. He just attended the meeting as non-voting delegates, so there was no exchange between the two. .
When Chairman Mao showed his personal influence and talent in the venue, Chiang Kai-shek could only listen quietly. At this time, he would not realize that this young man with a Hunan accent at the venue, Will be his "lifetime enemy".
Chairman Mao
On January 30, 1924, Chairman Mao was successfully elected as the alternate central executive member of the Kuomintang, and his position in the Kuomintang is far above Chiang Kai-shek. However, after only two years, the identities of Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek have undergone tremendous changes.
When the "Second Congress" of the Kuomintang was opened in January 1926, Chiang Kai-shek, who led the army to victories, became the "Hero of the Eastern Expedition". Although Chairman Mao was the acting director of the Central Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang, he did not have a soldier in his hand. For one pawn, the influence within the Kuomintang is not as strong as Chiang Kai-shek. So he once again became an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee, and Chiang Kai-shek became a member of the Central Executive Committee.
It was also in this year that Chiang Kai-shek brewed the " Zhongshan Ship Incident " and the "organization of party affairs", and began to clean up the CCP members in the Kuomintang. Chairman Mao, who had seen Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary nature, immediately resigned from the post of acting Minister of Propaganda and formally parted ways with Chiang Kai-shek.
Of course, for Chiang Kai-shek, this is not a big deal. The ancients said that "a talented rebellion will not succeed in three years." Who cares about a scholar who has no soldiers in his hands and likes to promote the "peasant revolution"?
Chairman Mao
After entering 1927, in view of the complete breakdown of KMT cooperation , our party formally decided to launch a revolution through armed insurrection. After Chairman Mao launched the Autumn Harvest Uprising, he led his troops to open up and expand the country’s first revolutionary base area. The idea of "Government from the barrel of a gun" "Encircle the city from the countryside and finally win the victory of the national revolution" has also become our party's response. An important magic weapon of the Kuomintang.
From 1927 to 1934, our party opened up dozens of revolutionary base areas ,After fighting with Chiang Kai-shek for seven years, he was forced to withdraw from the Central Soviet Area and began the Long March because of the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign. Chiang Kai-shek, who thought he could breathe a sigh of relief, watched the heavy losses of the Red Army troops. After the Zunyi meeting, they seemed to be assisted by gods. After a year, they moved around and moved to 14 provinces to bring his chasing troops. Leaving far behind, finally arrived in northern Shaanxi smoothly.
No matter how arrogant Chiang Kai-shek is, he has to admit that Chairman Mao is a "great enemy" and racked his brains to get rid of him. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly proposed "invite Mr. Mao to come out and do something" or "invite Mr. Mao to come to Chongqing to discuss matters related to the War of Resistance Against Japan", but Premier Zhou was blocked.
Chairman Mao
In 1945, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly sent invitations to Yan'an, asking Chairman Mao to go to Chongqing to negotiate with him on the issue of peaceful nation-building. Chairman Mao thought that Chiang Kai-shek did not dare to risk the world's surrender, so he went to Chongqing on August 28, 13 days after Japan announced its surrender.
During the negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek never gave up the idea of "peaceful incorporation". He clearly stated in his secret order to the commanders of the various theaters: " cannot succumb under the unified principle of military orders, that is, as a bandit." "Qing and suppressing it. " The Central Unification also formulated a plan to "detain Mao Zedong in Chongqing on the grounds that President Jiang would frequently consult state affairs."
Chairman Mao was not surprised by the various methods that Chiang Kai-shek secretly set up. While giving instructions to Yan'an to transport cadres to the northeast and other places to establish liberated areas as soon as possible, he instructed the troops to crack down on incoming enemies: "Don't worry about me. The better you fight, the safer I will be." That's it, at 9 During the battle from 10th to 12th October, our army annihilated the 13 divisions that invaded and 1 Kuomintang army advancing into the column, and consolidated the rear security of the Shanxi-Hebei-Lu-Yu liberated area.
Chairman Mao is in Chongqing
And Chiang Kai-shek did not dare to move Chairman Mao,At the end of the Shangdang campaign, he signed the " Double Ten Agreement " with Chairman Mao.
In 1946, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly tore up the peace agreement and launched an attack on the liberated area of our Central Plains. The liberation war was fully launched. Under the leadership of Chairman Mao, the People's Liberation Army completely reversed the situation in only three years and moved the Nationalist government four times from Nanjing to Guangzhou, then to Chongqing and Chengdu, and finally to Taipei.
Such a "painful" lesson, it is no wonder that Chiang Kai-shek would be afraid of Chairman Mao.
So far, Chiang Kai-shek's two fearful people have finished talking. So, who is the person he admires? Some friends may guess that it is Mr. Sun Yat-sen, but in fact, Chiang Kai-shek admires someone else.
People admired by Chiang Kai-shek: Zhou Enlai
Premier Zhou
In fact, Premier Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek used to be a pair of colleagues who had a very good relationship, and they appreciated each other very much.
Premier Zhou Xiaojiang Jieshi is 10 and a half years old, both of them are fellows from Zhejiang, and they also traveled to various places to study, and under the influence of the times, they became faithful believers of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. It can be said that at the very beginning, the two of them had a pretty good life experience. similar.
After Chiang Kai-shek became president of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, in order to cultivate military talents, Zhang Shenfu, deputy director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy who had studied in Western Europe, was specially invited to select a group of outstanding talents with overseas study experience to come to Whampoa Coaching. It happened that Zhou Enlai had just returned from Paris in August 1924, so Zhang Shen's Mansion recommended 50 people including Zhou Enlai to Chiang Kai-shek.
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai showed amazing talent after entering Whampoa and was quickly appointed as the director of the Political Department. After his official inauguration, Zhou Enlai carried out a vigorous rectification of the Political Department, and his work efficiency was greatly improved.
In February 1925, the Nationalist Government decided to conquer Chen Jiongming. Zhou Enlai, who was acting with the army, demonstrated his genius organizational leadership during this period.Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek admired him very much, and he proudly boasted to others: "The Whampoa Military Academy has two of my most powerful assistants, one is Zhou Enlai and the other is Deng Yanda. "
Later Chiang Kai-shek launched the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" "After that, his people directly put Zhou Enlai, who had arrived after hearing the news, under house arrest without getting an order. Although Chiang Kai-shek quickly ordered his release after learning about the incident, the relationship between the two was no longer as harmonious as before.
In July 1926, the Kuomintang and Communist parties decided to launch the Northern Expedition to unify the country, and Chiang Kai-shek was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army. Many people recommended to Chiang Kai-shek that Zhou Enlai should be the director of the Political Department of the Northern Expeditionary Army. Chiang Kai-shek himself had the same intention, so he hosted a banquet in honor of Zhou Enlai and invited Yun Daiying to accompany him.
Zhou Enlai
At the table, Chiang Kai-shek called Zhou Enlai "Brother Enlai" and invited him to join him in the Northern Expedition, but Zhou Enlai declined.
Later, Zhou Enlai went to Shanghai in the name of Secretary of the Organization Department of the Central Committee. He commanded the workers to launch the third armed uprising and successfully drove away the naval lords of Shanghai. The Northern Expeditionary Army also moved into Shanghai smoothly.
After this incident, Chiang Kai-shek took Zhou Enlai even more admiringly, and praised him whenever he met him. Zhou Enlai also admired Chiang Kai-shek's performance during the Northern Expedition, but he never let go of his vigilance towards Chiang Kai-shek. Especially after Chiang Kai-shek unabashedly stated that he would "include" the workers' pickets, Zhou Enlai was asked to confirm that Chiang Kai-shek would definitely not really follow Mr. Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies."
Sure enough, on April 12, 1927, 5 days ago, Chiang Kai-shek, who was kindly handing the "Common Struggle" pennant to the workers' pickets, brazenly raised a knife to the pickets. The cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party broke down, and Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek also broke completely. .
Chiang Kai-shek
For the Chinese Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek has never softened his hands. Although he admires Zhou Enlai very much, Chiang Kai-shek has repeatedly ordered him to be arrested at all costs, but none of them succeeded.
Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that,In 1936, Zhou Enlai, who he paid a lot of money and never caught, unexpectedly ran to see him by himself. Of course, it was when Chiang Kai-shek was under house arrest.
After the Xi'an Incident happened, our party, at the invitation of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, asked Zhou Enlai to go to Xi’an to mediate the matter. Although Chiang Kai-shek had the blood of many communists in his hands, Zhou Enlai abandoned all previous complaints and persuaded Zhang and Yang to release Chiang Kai-shek. Later, Zhou Enlai went to Chiang Kai-shek's imprisonment to visit this former "leader".
Chiang Kai-shek
When Zhou Enlai saw Chiang Kai-shek lying nervously on the bed, he still politely called him "Mr." and greeted his physical condition with concern. During the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek unconsciously took up the post of "Chairman", and Zhou Enlai also gave him a lot of face, saying that if he agreed to cooperate with the KMT and the Communist Party, the Red Army could obey Mr. Jiang's command.
This made Chiang Kai-shek very useful. He verbally agreed to cooperate with our party and said to Zhou En: "Enlai, you are the most sensible and humane comrade of the CCP." During the second negotiation, in order to show the sincerity of our party, Zhou Enlai decided to give Chiang Kai-shek a gift on March 5, 1937, that is, the 40th birthday of Song Meiling.
Since Chiang Kai-shek’s rebellion and revolution, the relationship between the Kuomintang regime and the Soviet Union has deteriorated rapidly. Chiang Kai-shek’s eldest son, Chiang Ching-kuo, who remained in the Soviet Union, was assigned to Siberia . Although Chiang Kai-shek wrote an open letter expressing his intention to sever his father-son relationship with Chiang Kai-shek. The Soviet side still did not approve his application for returning home.
Zhou Enlai specifically contacted Stalin through the Communist International and persuaded him to agree to approve the release of Chiang Ching-kuo to return to China, and told Chiang Kai-shek about the matter on Soong Meiling’s birthday. Jiang Jieshi was very moved by this, and specially asked Song Meiling to go to Zhou Enlai's residence to thank him in person.
Premier Zhou
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Enlai was invited by Chiang Kai-shek to serve as the Deputy Minister of the Political Department of the Kuomintang Military Committee. He made great contributions to obtaining assistance from the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom. For this reason, when Zhou Enlai caused a comminuted fracture due to a horse fall in 1939, and there was a risk of life-long disability, Chiang Kai-shek specially ordered that one plane be drawn from the already nervous plane and sent Zhou Enlai to the Soviet Union for treatment.
For Zhou Enlai, Chiang Kai-shek can be said to admire and appreciate very much. As everyone knows, Chiang Kai-shek has the habit of keeping a diary. In his diary that lasted for 57 years, he basically scolded everyone, whether it was Song Ziwen , Kong Xiangxi , or Song Meiling. However, Chiang Kai-shek did not hesitate to praise Zhou Enlai and praised him again and again in his diary.
Premier Zhou
Later, Chiang Kai-shek once said to the people around him: " Zhou Enlai can be an Ampang, Wu can Dingguo, but unfortunately he voted for the Communist Party! " It can be seen that for Zhou Enlai, he is true I admire and admire it very much, even in his later years.
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