In the previous article, the author and you talked about a series of questions about the ranks of Qing dynasty officials, such as governor, admiral, academic politics and so on. Today, let’s talk about the governor and the general . On the surface, the governor and the general soldier are both positive and second grades. According to the truth, it should be equal. However, in actual operation, the general soldier met the governor and could only kneel down to ask for peace. He didn't even have a seat. So, it is obviously equal, why does this happen?
First, let’s talk about the general soldiers of Ming Dynasty , because the general soldiers of the Qing Dynasty came from the Ming Dynasty. In 1368, after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the power of the Yuan Dynasty retreated to the northern grasslands and was called Beiyuan . However, the Beiyuan regime was not reconciled to failure and repeatedly organized a large number of large-scale southward attacks to attack the northern areas of the Ming Dynasty. In order to resist the northern nomadic cavalry, the Ming Dynasty successively established nine border towns from eastern Liaoning to northwest, such as Liaodong Town, Jizhou Town, Datong Town, Gansu Town and so on.
The chief military officer of each town is the general soldier and belongs to the second rank military officer. Each general army has tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of elite troops under its jurisdiction. For example, the total strength of Liaodong Town has reached more than 100,000. During the reign of the Ming Dynasty, the General Soldier was equivalent to the commander of a large military area. Because a town may cover a large area of defense. According to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, the total number of soldiers in the country should not exceed 20. Later, because the power of the northern nomadic cavalry was too strong. Relying on the strength of a town, it has been unable to cope.
Several towns are required for joint operations, but each town is a unit of the same level and lacks unified command and mobilization. Therefore, in the middle of the Ming Dynasty rule, the Trilateral Governor and the Governor of Ji Liao appeared. At the end of Ming Dynasty rule,There has also been a bachelor's supervisor. During the Qing dynasty, new changes took place in the military attaché system. Military attachés were divided into: First-rank admiral, Second-rank commander, Second-rank lieutenant, Third-rank participating general, Third-rank guerrilla, No. Pin Qian Zong, Zheng Qi Pin Ba Zong and so on.
In the civil official system of the Qing Dynasty, in the civil official system, the governor, governor, chief ambassador, press prosecutor, academic affairs, Daotai, prefects, prefects, etc. appeared. Among them, with the exception of the Governor of Sichuan and the Governor of Zhili, the other Governors have managed two or three provinces, such as the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Governor of Shanxi and Gansu. Generally speaking, the governor has the title of "Shangbu of the Ministry of War" or Yudu Yushi. Therefore, he is also called the master of Taiwan, the master of the ministry, and so on.
In terms of rank, most of the governors are first-rank senior officials. Under the governor is the governor. Please note that the governor is not a subordinate of the governor, but is only inferior to the governor. Generally speaking, the governor bears the title of Yushi, the right deputy of the Imperial Court, and belongs to the second grade or the second grade, and is called the master of Zhongcheng or the master of Futai. The governor is responsible for the province's military, political, civilian, financial, river, water, and grain affairs, and belongs to the province's top leader. The governor and the governor restrain each other, and the tasks of various regions overlap.
But for the specific affairs of a province, the governor cannot directly intervene. For example, Zeng Guofan was the governor of Liangjiang, Jiangxi governor Shen Baozhen, very despised Zeng Guofan. The two have competed for several years, and no one can do anything about it. In the face of a more powerful governor, governor does not necessarily have many advantages. As for the chief ambassador, he is the second-in-command of a province with great power. Responsible for the province's finance, money and personnel organization, because of the management of the province's clan library , he is called the master of the province. The chief envoy belongs to the second rank, second only to the governor.
In many cases, if the governor is transferred or retired, it is usually the chief envoy who succeeds smoothly. According to the chaser, he is another local official, the standard third grade. Responsible for the province’s public security, penal, judicial, and disciplinary work,Known as Master Jiantai. Generally speaking, if the governor is promoted to the church, the chief ambassador and will sit on the left and right sides, and only these two people will have seats. Therefore, the chief ambassador and the press officer are also called the East Division and the West Division.
As for prefects and prefects. Everyone is very familiar with the local officials who belong to various prefectures and counties, and they are also the leaders of the prefectures and counties. In addition, each yamen has various deputy positions, such as Tongzhi, Communicator, and Promoter and so on. According to the truth, the admiral is responsible for the management of the green camp in the province. It belongs to the province's military attache system. The rank is higher than the governor, and the rank is equal to the governor. Compared with the Ming Dynasty, the division of military officers in the Qing Dynasty is very similar. Each province has 1 admiral to manage the green camps in the province.
Each province is divided into several towns, and each town has a general soldier. Each town administers two or three associations, and one association has a lieutenant. According to the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, a total of 83 soldiers were established throughout the country. Among them, 70 are in the Army Green Battalion and 13 are in the Navy Fleet. Compared with the position of Chief Soldier, the gold content is far inferior to that of the Ming Dynasty. From the chief officer of the large military region of the Ming Dynasty to the chief military officer of several state capitals in the province.
In actual management, according to court regulations, the admiral must accept the governor's temperance. In other words, as to how to do it, the admiral of the first grade must obey the governor of the second grade. Once the admiral or military officer, such as the general soldier, appears to be disobeyed, the governor has the power to use the king's banner. Therefore, during the Qing Dynasty, the actual status of the admiral was not high. There are even stories about the admiral being inferior to the prefecture, which means that in terms of the right to speak, the admiral may be inferior to the prefect of the fourth grade.
Even the admiral is treated like this. The situation of the generals, lieutenants, and generals can be imagined. If you are a general soldier, you need to see the governor. Although everyone is the second grade, the general soldier needs to kneel down immediately after seeing the governor to ask for peace, and claiming to be "the last general or under the bid." In front of the governor Zhongcheng, the general soldier did not even have a seat. For example, during the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement , Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang and others,He successively fought against the Taiping Army as governor or governor.
At that time, a large group of generals and lieutenants could only stand around, indeed there were no seats. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was a situation of nobility and inferiority. The rank of military attache is worthless, and it has become a common phenomenon. For example, the admiral and the governor from the first grade, although everyone is a "supervisor," and they are of the same rank. But the actual power is almost a few blocks away. By the mid-term of Qing Dynasty rule, many inland provinces had abolished their admiral, and the job of the admiral was concurrently performed by the governor.
Under such circumstances, the generals such as generals, lieutenants, etc., face the governor Zhongcheng, and their status is even lower. There are many more stories about official positions in Ming and Qing dynasties. The author will talk slowly with you in future articles.
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