The status quo and history of the four Mongolian autonomous republics in Russia

There are currently four Mongolian autonomous republics in Russia. I will tell you about their current situation and history.

1. The Republic of Buryatia

The Republic of Buryatia is located to the east of Lake Baikal and borders Mongolia to the south. It has a land area of ​​351,300 square kilometers and its capital Ulan-Ude. The population is about 980,000, of which Buryat Mongolian is about 290,000. In Chinese history, Buryatia became Britiya. Mongolian means people in the forest, mainly engaged in hunting and nomadism, living around Lake Baikal. In 1218, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, Shuchi led the Mongolian army to conquer Lake Baikal, and surrendered the Briyati tribe. Since then, it has become a part of the Mongolian empire and sent troops to follow Mongolia to fight in all directions! After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Buli Yati belonged to the Lingbei province and was included in the Huoli Tu Ma Dao pasture, one of the fourteen official horse pastures of Taipu Temple . At the beginning of the 17th century, Czarist Russia began to invade the Baikal region and gradually conquered the Buryats. In 1689, Czarist Russia and the Qing Dynasty signed the " Treaty of Nerchinsk" to transfer the area east of Lake Baikal to Tsarist Russia and Bury. Yate officially became the territory of Tsarist Russia.

Republic of Buryatia (dark green part)

2. Tuva Autonomous Republic

Tuva Republic is located in the southern part of Central Siberia, bordering Mongolia to the south, with a land area of ​​170,000 square kilometers. Kyzyl, the capital, has a population of about 330,000. In Chinese history, Tuva became Tangnuwu Lianghai , and the Jiankun Dudu Mansion was set up here during the Tang Dynasty.Belongs to Anbei Duhofu jurisdiction! In the second year after Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, he sent Shuchi and led his army to conquer the Tangnu Uliang Sea, and since then became a part of the Mongol Empire. Ming Dynasty belongs to the Mongolian Walla Division. It belonged to the Qing Dynasty in 1655. In 1884, the Qing dynasty and Tsarist Russia signed the "Agreement to Demarcate the Northwestern Boundary" and ceded the Amuha River area in the western part of Tangnu Ulianghai to Tsarist Russia. At the same time, Tsarist Russia continued to invade the Tangnu Uliang Sea in the name of exploration and mining. After the Revolution of 1911, Tsarist Russia planned the independence of Outer Mongolia and established the People's Republic of Mongolia. Tangnuwulianghai became an enclave, which was briefly taken back by the Beiyang government . Later, with the support of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Donutova was established, and it was incorporated into the Soviet Union after World War II.

Map of the Republic of Tuva

3. Altai Republic

The Altai Republic is located in southern Central Siberia, bordering Kazakhstan, Mongolia and my country’s Xinjiang, with a land area of ​​92,000 square kilometers, the capital of Gorno -Altaysk, with a population of about 203,000, of which Altai Mongols are about 60,000. During the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Jungar Tribe of Moxi Mongol. After the destruction of Jungar Khanate , the area belonged to Xinjiang and was under the jurisdiction of General Yili. In 1864, Czarist Russia and the Qing government signed the "Agreement to Demarcate the Northwestern Boundary", ceding 440,000 square kilometers east of Balks Lake to Czarist Russia, including the Altai region.

Altai Republic map (yellow part)

4. Kalmykia Republic

Kalmykia Republic is located in the Caucasus region, with an area of ​​76,000 square kilometers, the capital of Elista, with a population of 276,000. Kalmyk was called Turhute in ancient China, and belonged to the Wara Tribe of Mongolia, which also became the Weitra Tribe and Moxi Mongolia. The Weitra part is the Zhungeer Department, Turhu Special Department , and Shuote Department and Durbert Department.In the 17th century AD, the Zhungar tribe became powerful, unified the Weitra tribe, established a powerful Jungar Khanate, and fought with the Qing Dynasty for more than 100 years, and was finally destroyed by the Qing Dynasty. In 1616, the Turhute tribe could not stand the oppression of the Zhungeer tribe. Under the leadership of the leader and Orlek, they migrated westward to the upper reaches of the Töpol River, and finally migrated to Astor in the Volga River Basin. Near Rahan! In 1673 AD, Tulhute chief Aqiyu proclaimed his minister to Tsarist Russia, but at the same time maintained contact with the Qing Dynasty and the Dalai Lama in Tibet. In 1771, Turhout was not able to withstand the oppression of Tsarist Russia. The leader Obashi led 170,000 tribes to break through the blockades of Tsarist Russia and moved east back to the Qing Dynasty. They were grandly received by Emperor Qianlong! The 90,000 people in the Caucasus developed into Kalmykia today.

Map of the Republic of Kalmykia