Aunt Su Ma: Kangxi’s enlightened female teacher, she drank bath water on New Year’s Eve, lived 93 years and became a legend in the Qing Dynasty

From the second young lady of the family, to the Fujin side of Huang Taiji, from Princess Zhuang to Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, wherever Xiaozhuang goes, Lagu Su Ma will accompany you wherever you go. The harem is difficult and dangerous, and it is not easy for women, but La Gu Su Ma has always been the right-hand man and the person Xiaozhuang trusts most.

There is a sentence in "Historical Records: Ranger Biography":

And the people in common clothes, set up the promise, recite righteousness for thousands of miles, and disregard the world for death.

means that although the background is not high, but for the sake of my original promise, no matter how difficult it is, I will not give up. Although Su Ma La Gu is a woman, she also shows Gao Yi.

In fact, for Xiaozhuang, La Aunt Su Ma’s existence is not only a loyal protector of the Lord, but also companion and comfort for many years.

2. Hand-made national costumes

As everyone knows, although Nurhachi has the temple name of "Qing Taizu", in fact, he is not the founder of the Qing Dynasty. Ten years after Jin Tiancong (1636),In the tenth year that Xiaozhuang came to Shengjing, Huang Taiji changed the throne of Khan to the throne, formally established the Qing Dynasty, and changed the Yuan Chongde. Therefore, in the historical era of the Qing Dynasty, 1636 was the tenth year of Tiancong, and at the same time, it was also the first year of Chongde.

From Houjin to Qing Dynasty, this is not just a change of the name of the regime, but also a change in etiquette and system. Seals and clothing must be redesigned.

Su Ma La Gu is ingenious and skillful in needlework, and he is familiar with Manchu and Mongolian culture. Therefore, Princess Zhuang recommended Su Ma La Gu to Huang Taiji to design the founding costumes of the Qing Dynasty. "Manuscripts of Qing History·Volume 103" records:

Su Ma Lagu, the maid of Empress Xiaozhuangwen, the dresses and crowns of the early days of the country were all handmade.

Lagu Su Ma fully absorbed the advantages of the costumes of the Manchu, Han, Mongolian and other northern ethnic groups, and through modification and innovation, she completed the production of costumes in the early days of the country.

From the four words " all its hand-made", it can be seen that Su Ma Lagu had a lot of work during the founding period of the Qing Dynasty. The etiquette costumes of all levels in the early Qing Dynasty were basically from Su The hand of Ma Lagu.

From the establishment of Emperor Taiji to the abdication of Xuantong, the Qing Dynasty Guozuo lasted 296 years, and the founding costumes designed by Su Ma La Gu lasted 296 years in the Qing Dynasty.

So, although La Gu Su Ma is a court lady, she also made history.

In the eighth year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty, Huang Taiji died suddenly in Shengjing. The eldest son of the emperor Hauge and Prince Rui Dorgon (the 14th brother of Huang Taiji) almost fought for the throne. At the critical moment, Xiaozhuang dispatched Lagu Su Ma to contact Dorgon,Through the careful layout of Xiaozhuang, Fulin, who was only six years old, became the "dark horse" and successfully inherited the throne as Emperor Shunzhi.

The following year, the Qing army entered the pass , Lagu Su Ma followed Xiaozhuang who was revered as the empress dowager to reach the pass, and since then lived in the Forbidden City. At that time, Emperor Shunzhi was very young, and the regents of the court were controlled by the regent Dorgon. In order to avoid the harem from interfering in politics, Xiaozhuang had few opportunities to meet with Shunzhi every month. During this period, La Aunt Su Ma became the "microphone" between their mother and son, and La Aunt Su Ma often visited Shunzhi.

The young Emperor Shunzhi was suppressed by Dorgon for a long time, and was somewhat paranoid in character. Aunt Su Ma was considerate and patiently persuaded him many times.

3. Lai Qixundi, hand-teaching the books of the country

In the tenth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1653), the daughter of Shunzhi Natong Tulai entered the palace as a concubine. The following year, the Tong family gave birth to the three princes Xuanye for Shunzhi , Which is the later Emperor Kangxi. Because the Tong family was not favored, Shunzhi Emperor didn't pay much attention to Xuan Ye at first. At this time, Xiao Zhuang ordered Su Ma La Gu to take care of Xuan Ye.

Xuan Ye was very smart when he was young. Aunt Su Ma taught him to read and write. The Manchu and Mongolian enlightenment of Kangxi were taught by Aunt Su Ma. "Xiaoting Continued Record" records:

When the Emperor Ren was young, Lai Qi (Su Ma Lagu) taught Di, hand-taught the national books, and was very high in the Forbidden City.

means that when Kangxi was young, La Gu Su Ma was the enlightened female teacher of Kangxi, and La Gu Su Ma's writing was very good, and she was top grade in the Forbidden City.

Between Lagu Su Ma and Xuan Ye, there is one thing I have to mention. In the twelfth year of Shunzhi, when Xuan Ye was only 2 years old, the peanuts prevailed in the palace. Shunzhi discussed with Xiaozhuang and transferred all the princes outside the palace to avoid acne. Later, Xuan Ye was infected with smallpox and lived in the Fuyou Temple outside the Xihua Gate in Beijing. On the order of Xiaozhuang, Su Ma Lagu stayed beside Xuan Ye day and night.

in that era,The fatality rate of smallpox is extremely high. Once infected with smallpox, it is hard to escape. But under the care of Su Ma La Aunt, Xuan Ye was miraculously healed. Kangxi later recalled:

"Emperor Shizuzhang, because of my childhood... ordered the babysitter outside the Forbidden City. Under the knees of his parents, he did not have a day of love."

The "nanny" here refers to Su Ma Lagu. It can be seen from this sentence that when Kangxi was young, he was separated from his parents for a long time because of smallpox. During this period, thanks to Su Ma Lagu's care.

In fact, according to the records of the missionary Tang Ruowang , the reason that Emperor Shunzhi passed the throne to Xuan Ye was also due to Xuan Ye's victory over the smallpox virus. In other words, there would be no Xuan Ye, let alone the later Emperor Kangxi, without the care of Su Ma Lagu.

In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Emperor Shunzhi died and Xuanye became the throne for Emperor Kangxi, and Xiaozhuang was revered as the empress dowager. At that time, Shunzhi left four people: , sony, , ybilong, , suksaha, , Aobai, and Su Ma Lagu was the same as when he was young, every morning and evening. They traveled back and forth between Qianqing Palace and the harem. On the one hand, they reported the situation of Kangxi to Xiaozhuang, and on the other hand, they also conveyed Xiaozhuang's care to Kangxi. Aunt Su Ma is 42 years older than Kangxi. Kangxi regards her as an elder and respects her very much. After Kangxi took office, Xiaozhuang formally retreated behind the scenes, so La Gu Su Ma rarely appeared in people's vision.

I wrote about Xiaozhuang before. I think the pattern of Xiaozhuang is rare among the famous harem women in ancient times. Xiaozhuang had the opportunity to be Queen Lu, but she didn't want to do it. She cultivated Kangxi as an excellent emperor, and in the series of cultivation of Kangxi by Xiaozhuang,Aunt Su Ma is an indispensable participant.

Fourth, the "aunts" of the twelve princes

In the twelfth lunar month of the 26th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was critically ill. Kangxi offered decoctions and stayed with his grandmother day and night. According to historical records, Kangxi once personally led the minister of civil and military affairs to the Temple of Heaven and begged God, preferring to lose his life, but also hoping to keep his grandmother. Like Kangxi, Aunt Su Ma has been guarding the Buddhist hall of Xiaozhuang. She knelt down for many days, hoping to extend the life of her master.

Xiaozhuang is a great woman. She assisted three generations of emperors and made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty. " Qing History Draft " said that she "The rise and fall of the generation is tied to the palace ".

However, the laws of nature cannot be violated. On the 25th of that month, the first empress dowager of the Qing Dynasty completed her life journey and passed away safely at the age of 75.

The death of Xiaozhuang means the complete maturity of Kangxi, and there is no backing behind him; at the same time, it also means that Su Ma Lagu’s life has begun to go silent. Aunt Su Ma lost her backbone, she fell into loneliness and boredom, and became thinner day by day. According to "Xiaoting Continued Recording"

Su Ma Lagu, the maid of Empress Xiaozhuangwen, is also... aunty in Dharma, and she is a vegetarian in her old age. They don’t bathe all year round, but on New Year’s Eve, they drink the dirty water for themselves, thinking of repentance.

Lagu Su Ma believed in Buddhism in her old age. On the one hand, it was because of her filial piety and faith in Buddhism. On the other hand, she was lonely in her old age. Buddhist thoughts allowed her to adapt to a lonely life.

La Gu Su Ma also has a very rare habit. She does not take a bath all year round. She only washes her body with a small amount of water on the last day of the year, that is, on New Year’s Eve. She also drinks the bath water afterwards to express her confession. Meaning.

When Xiaozhuang passed away,La Gu Su Ma is 76 years old. Seeing that she is getting depressed, Kangxi finally decided to send her concubine Wanliu Ha's (later named concubine) to the twelfth prince Yin Tang to Su Ma La Gu. Ma Lagu came to raise Yintian.

The Qing court has regulations that concubines below the concubine are not eligible to raise the prince, even if they are their own sons. However, Kangxi gave a princely place to Su Ma La Gu, an old court lady, to raise him. Not only can he see Kangxi's importance to Su Ma La Gu, but also his trust in her.

In fact, Kangxi asked La Gu Su Ma to raise Yin Tan in order to prevent her from taking advantage of the silence. In fact, as Kangxi thought, with Yintian by his side, La Aunt Su Ma became busy again. She taught Yintian to read and write and play with Yintian every day. According to historical records, Yin Tan and Su Ma La Gu had a very good relationship, and Yin Tan also called Su Ma La Gu "Aunt".

Su Ma Lagu has been with Yintian for more than ten years, knowing that Yintian has grown up and opened his own government independently. Under the guidance of Aunt Su Ma, Yin Tan developed a calm and uncontroversial character.

The ancients said: The power to rule the country and the world is based on the mother and education.

In the later years of Kangxi, the princes seized the princes. Although Yin Tan was already an adult at that time, he did not participate in it. The teachings of La Aunt Su Ma are indispensable.

V. The legendary palace lady of the Qing Dynasty

In September of the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), the 93-year-old Aunt Su Ma was critically ill. Although Kangxi asked the imperial physicians to try their best to diagnose and treat him, he finally returned to heaven. In the Forbidden City of the Qing Dynasty, he passed away peacefully.

When Aunt Su Ma passed away, Kangxi was heartbroken and ordered that Aunt Su Ma be treated as a concubine. Because the twelfth prince Yin Yin was raised by Aunt Su Ma La, Yin Tan proposed to guard the spirit for Aunt Su Ma La. Yin Tan said:

Aunt raised me since I was a child, and I did not repay it. May stay there for a few days, serve food within a hundred days, and recite the Scriptures in Sanqi.

For such request of Yintian,Kangxi readily agreed, not only that, but Kangxi also decreed that all princes except the fifth prince, the tenth prince, and the fourteenth prince should participate in the funeral ceremony of Su Ma Lagu.

It should be noted that although Kangxi respected, Lagu Su Ma was not buried in the Kangxi dynasty. Due to special historical reasons, Xiaozhuang left a will when he died and did not want to disturb Huang Taiji. In fact, he did not want to be buried with Huang Taiji. Therefore, Kangxi had to place Xiaozhuang’s Catalpa Palace outside the Fengshui Wall of Dongling “Temporary Ancestral Hall”. Because Su Ma La Gu was the maid of Xiao Zhuang, Kangxi thought of them as their masters and servants deeply. After Su Ma La Gu passed away, Kang Xi also parked her coffin beside Xiao Zhuang. In the end, Kangxi did not enter the soil.

In the third year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, Zhaoxi Mausoleum was completed. Yongzheng put Empress Xiaozhuangwen into the land for safety, but how to bury Aunt Su Ma has become a tricky matter. Because Su Ma La Gu is not a member of the royal family, nor is she a concubine in the harem, she cannot be buried in the tomb according to the ceremony. In the end, Yongzheng decided to give Su Ma La Aunt enough respect and buried her outside the east wall of the new city not far from the Zhaoxi Mausoleum, only 3 miles away from the Zhaoxi Mausoleum. In this way, Su Ma Lagu is also regarded as a neighbor to Xiaozhuang.

The author believes: In the Qing Dynasty, La Gu Su Ma was a special woman. Although she was a court lady, she enjoyed a respected position by her seniority and soul. She served Xiaozhuang, enlightened the emperor, raised the prince, and forged an indissoluble bond with the Qing imperial family. At the same time, she was ingenious, and in 296 years of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty costumes designed by Su Ma Lagu continued to use.

From Horqin Grassland to Shengjing; from Guanwai to Beijing; from Nurhachi to Kangxi, this old man experienced the vicissitudes of the early Qing Dynasty and left a unique mark in the Qing Dynasty.

"The Biography of Women · Qi Weiyu Ji" says:

The cold girl under the willow is not for chaos, but accumulates in plain and elegant, so there is no doubt.

La Gu Su Ma is a kind-hearted woman. The reason why she became highly respected in the Qing Dynasty is due to her lofty character and high-quality soul. There were many court ladies in the feudal harem, but few court ladies were so famous, Su Ma La Gu, who was really a legend in the Qing Dynasty.