In 1936, Zhang Xueliang and General Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an. After the news reached the Nanjing Kuomintang prison, Chen Duxiu, who was detained here at the time, was very excited. He called the prison guards to help out to buy some wine and vegetables to celebrate, and proposed to prepare three wine glasses.
After hearing this, the prison guard was a little puzzled, because Chen Duxiu's status was designated as a special treatment officer, and he was a single-person cell. Why would he have to prepare three wine glasses? Confused, the prison guard sent the dishes and three wine glasses to Chen Duxiu's cell.
After the wine glass was delivered, the prison guard quietly hid to see what was going on? Chen Duxiu took out two wine glasses with trembling hands to fill the wine, and said, "Yan Nian, Qiao Nian, for your father, this one for you!" Then Chen Duxiu shed tears on her cheeks and burst into tears.
The Yannian and Qiao Nian mentioned by Chen Duxiu are his eldest son Chen Yannian and his second son Chen Qiaonian. These two martyrs are the protagonists of "Awakening Age", which was recently broadcast on TV. In "The Age of Awakening", the scene where Chen Qiaonian and Chen Yannian were betrayed by traitors and went to death calmly moved the Chinese in front of the screen.
However, in real history, the bumpy experience of Chen Qiaonian and Chen Yannian is more tortuous, and the relationship between them and their father Chen Duxiu is not very harmonious.
Chen Yannian
A friend of Chen Duxiu once recalled: Chen Duxiu and his son were very indifferent. It can be seen from one incident that when Chen Duxiu was still serving as the dean of arts and sciences at Peking University, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian came to find their father for trouble. Normally, the son should have something to do with his father, so he should meet directly at home.
But the brothers Yannian and Qiao Nian did not go to the house, but went directly to Chen Duxiu’s office and prepared a business card for delivery.It says "Visit Mr. Duxiu". From this we can see that there is an unspeakable strangeness between their father and son.
Maybe this is a very valuable "business in business" spirit. But the following incident can completely reveal the estrangement and problems between Chen Duxiu and his son. During the May Fourth Movement of 1919, Chen Duxiu led Beijing students who were arrested while distributing leaflets on the streets. This incident soon spread to Shanghai.
Brother Chen Yannian was studying in Shanghai, and Chen Duxiu's friend Pan Zanhua asked the brother Chen Yannian: Do you have any terror when Comrade Duxiu was arrested? Chen Yannian immediately returned: "If you are not afraid of doing it, you are not afraid of doing it." means that in the revolutionary struggle, danger is expected. There are many people of righteousness and righteousness. If you want this opportunity, glorious sacrifice is not available. What's the point? Words of horror? It can be seen from this that the Chen Yannian brothers were very calm about the arrest of Chen Duxiu.
Later, in August 1925, Chen Yannian, then secretary of the Guangdong District Party Committee, rushed to Shanghai to report to the Party Central Committee. At that time, Chen Duxiu was the chairman of the Central Committee. However, after Chen Yannian and Chen Duxiu met, they did not have the feeling of intimacy between father and son. Instead, they called each other "comrades". It was like meeting between ordinary comrades. This scene also shocked everyone present.
Why is Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian as father and son, but the relationship is so indifferent? First of all, this has a lot to do with Chen Duxiu's tragic young experience.
Chen Qiaonian
When Chen Duxiu was just three years old, he lost his father when he hadn't remembered anything. Lost the backbone of the family, her mother had to bring Chen Duxiu back to her in-laws. And Chen Duxiu's grandfather was a very stern old man, with a very stubborn feudal consciousness, and a very strange temper, so there was a special name called "Daddy Bai Hu".
Because of this, young Chen Duxiu was often beaten by his grandfather. As long as learning is a little unsatisfactory,Can not hide the beating. Over time, a shadow was cast in Chen Duxiu's young heart. He has not been warm since he was a child, and he doesn't know how to care for his children.
Until 1896, Chen Duxiu's grandfather was too old and his health was not very good, so he adopted the 17-year-old Chen Duxiu to his uncle. Because many 17-year-old boys could start a family in the old days, Chen Duxiu was already quite mature at this time, and had always been alienated and even repelled from his stepfather.
Later in 1897, 18-year-old Chen Duxiu married his first wife Gao Xiaolan under the arrangement of the family, and gave birth to his first child, the eldest son Chen Yannian, in the second year. However, for Chen Duxiu, who is very tired of arranged marriages in the old age, he is very disgusted with his wife. He left home soon after marriage and embarked on the road to school, traveling to and from Shanghai, Northeast China, Japan, Beijing and other places.
Gao Xiaolan is a woman of the old age. Her mental awareness is more than a century away from Chen Duxiu, so Chen Duxiu rarely goes home and never sends money to her home. is also for this reason. In Chen Yannian's heart, he was very dissatisfied with his father Chen Duxiu, which has already laid scars in Chen Yannian's young heart.
Later, in 1913, after Chen Duxiu became the secretary-general of the Anhui Metropolitan Government, he fought a war against Yuan. Because of successive failures, he had to flee everywhere. and Yuan Shikai ordered his subordinates to Chen Duxiu's hometown of Anqing, and wanted the Chen family, namely the eldest son Chen Yannian and the second son Chen Qiaonian. Fortunately, someone got the news in advance, and the Chen Yannian brothers escaped to the countryside.
Chen Duxiu
During this period, they and their father Chen Duxiu have been in a state of disconnection, so Chen Yannian and his four-year-old brother Qiao Nian depended on each other for life, and their relationship was extremely deep. It was also from this time that they were inseparable and embarked on the revolutionary road together.
Until 1915, 17-year-old Chen Yannian and 13-year-old Chen Qiaonian were accepted by Chen Duxiu to study in Shanghai.Originally, his father Chen Duxiu was in Shanghai, and the brothers would take care of him when they came here, but this is not the case.
The money Chen Duxiu gives to Yannian brothers every month is only enough to barely pay the tuition fees. The living expenses are completely supplemented by the two brothers studying and working while working. At that time, the Yannian and Qiao Nian brothers once boarded on the floor of a magazine shop. They only wore a jacket in winter or summer. When they were hungry, they would eat frozen biscuits and drink some tap water to satisfy their hunger.
However, Chen Duxiu and his second wife Gao Junman are living a worry-free life in Shanghai. And this Gao Junman is not only Chen Duxiu's second wife, but also the aunt of the brothers Yannian and Qiao Nian, which means that she is the relative sister of Gao Xiaolan, Chen Duxiu's married wife.
As mentioned earlier, Chen Duxiu's first wife, Gao Xiaolan, is a woman from the old age, so the relationship with Chen Duxiu is not very harmonious. Moreover, Chen Duxiu was very disgusted with Gao Xiaolan, and once said: "A talented person with both appearances and a stupid woman who does not know a word can not divorce and remarry. It is a lifelong hatred."
Later Chen Duxiu In 1909, he married his educated wife and sister Gao Junman. This incident also caused a great sensation at the time, including opposition and discrimination from family members. And because of this, he was sued by his adoptive father and took the initiative to break away from Chen Duxiu. This incident made the brothers Yannian and Qiao Nian even more hurt.
Later, Chen Duxiu and Gao Junman came to Shanghai to settle down. However, when Yannian and Qiao Nian came to Shanghai to study, their lives were very difficult, but Chen Duxiu never let them go home to eat and live. As the stepmother and aunt, Gao Junman felt more distressed for the two Yannian brothers, so he wanted to tell Chen Duxiu to let Yannian and Qiaonian go home.
Gao Junman
Gao Junman also used Chen Duxiu's friend to help speak. However, Chen Duxiu was opposed by Chen Duxiu, who said: "Women, although they are well-intentioned, they rebel against evil consequences, and they live in a young life. It is okay to listen to their own future."_Strong4strong Chen Duxiu means to let the brothers Yan and Qiao start their own careers. Just leave it alone.
We don’t know what Chen Duxiu’s true thoughts are, but Chen Duxiu’s remarks are in line with the "bestism" he advocates. It coincides with each other, which is interpreted as "stubborn will, good fighting and unyielding; strong physique, resisting nature; trusting instinct, not living according to him; natural instinct, not pretending to be a false self.
The above is the content of bestialism, and Chen Duxiu's promotion of bestialism is to change the youth of our country at that time, "there is no power to bind a chicken, no one's heart; white face and slender waist, charming like a virgin; fear of cold and cowardice.
And the two brothers Chen Yannian are indeed very strong. They never seek help from their father even if they encounter any difficulties, and they rely on themselves to solve them. Even the grandmother of the Chen family came here. Shanghai visited them and wanted to give them some living expenses, but the two brothers sternly refused.
stills
For this reason, both grandmother and stepmother felt very distressed, but the two brothers Chen Yannian were so strong, no matter what they were at the time. The society is still a modern society, and it is very rare.
Until the end of 1919, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian went to France for work-study programs. After they came to France, they worked and studied at the same time as before. Some people who know they are Chen Duxiu’s sons see. After arriving, he still sighed: "Chen Duxiu's two sons lead such a bitter life, dipping bread in soy sauce for every meal!
In this difficult situation, the Chen Yannian brothers continued for three years. In the winter of 1922, the brothers joined the Communist Party of China together. And in 1923, following the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the two brothers Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian He was selected as a communist and left France and went to Moscow Oriental University to continue studying.
412 incident
arrived in Moscow,The lives of the two brothers Chen Yannian have improved, and a small amount of pocket money is distributed by the school every month. Although they often eat Moscow-style black bread with hay and cannot go to the bathroom for three or four days, Chen Yannian often says: "I have never lived such a good life in my entire life." This refers to them. The days after leaving Anqing for Shanghai in 1915.
In 1924, Chen Yannian first returned to China and came to Guangzhou as Secretary of the Southern District Committee of the Communist Party of China. As the secretary of the district party committee, his life could be improved, but Chen Yannian resolutely wore coarse cloth student uniforms with leather shoes brought back from abroad on his feet. There was only one wooden bed and one mat, one blanket and one quilt in the dormitory. He didn't even have a decent pillow, and he was still holding a yellow briefcase.
worked in Guangzhou for three years. During these three years, Chen Yannian always used this suit. And in the past three years, Chen Yan has never tirelessly worked day and night. Not only planning and deploying various tasks within the party, but also going out deep into the masses of the people. Sometimes he saw the rickshaw driver who was old, weak and sick. He also took the initiative to help out the car and handed all the money back to the driver. Therefore, among the local rickshaw drivers, Chen Yannian also had a very kind nickname called "Lao Chen."
When an enemy newspaper learned of the news, they even ridiculed that "the Communist Party officials actually pulled the rickshaw for someone." When Chen Yannian learned of it, he smiled and said: "They really treat the womb of a gentleman with the heart of a villain. The cadres of the Communist Party, regardless of size, have dedicated their lives to fighting for the rights and liberation of the laboring people!"
In March 1927, Chen Yannian left Guangzhou and went north to Wuhan, preparing to attend the five conferences. However, shortly after arriving in Wuhan, the CCP decided to send him, Nie Rongzhen and others to Shanghai to deliver orders for the struggle against Chiang. When he first arrived in Nanjing, Chen Yannian was shocked by the "April 12 counter-revolutionary incident" launched by Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai.He rushed to Shanghai without waiting for a break.
When he saw the corpses of a large number of revolutionary comrades, he felt very uncomfortable. He and several comrades in the party published a telegram of "Quickly Dispatching Chiang Kai-shek", and then he started working day and night to restore the party organization in Shanghai. Until three months later, on June 16, 1927, the address and name list of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee where Chen Yannian was located were all exposed due to the arrest of a party traffic officer.
Later, on the afternoon of June 26, Chen Yannian was surrounded by the enemy when he was meeting at the secret address of the Communist Party of China at No. 104 Beisichuan Road, Shanghai. Seeing that the situation was urgent, Chen Yannian picked up the table, chair and bench to fight the enemy with weapons, and covered other comrades to leave.
Wu Zhihui
During the battle, Chen Yannian's head was broken and his teeth were also knocked out. In the end, the outnumbered were arrested. After Chen Yannian was arrested, he used the pseudonym Chen Yousheng and argued that he was a hired man. However, due to Chen Yannian's consistent poor work style, he was covered in worn shorts and straw ropes tied to his trouser legs, much like ordinary workers doing rough work.
The enemy believed his words. Later, after the CCP learned that Chen Yannian was arrested, but his identity was not revealed, he immediately contacted the case-handling personnel through relevant organizations and prepared to rescue him at a cost of 800 yuan. The enemy saw that he was just a clerk and thought that nothing could be found out. accepted.
Just when Chen Yannian was successfully released, he was informed by a member of the Kuomintang called Wu Zhihui . Wu Zhihui and Chen Duxiu are family friends and have taught at Peking University together. And when Chen Yannian was very young, Wu saw Yannian's talent and admired him very much. Later, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian studied in France under Wu Zhihui's proposal.
But later, Chen Yannian in France was very disgusted with Wu Zhihui's persecution and persecution of work-study programs. He recognized that Wu Zhihui was not a true gentleman, but a fame and reputation, and he drew a line with him. From this time, Wu Zhihui became angry from embarrassment,Started to suppress the Chen family and his son.
Until Chen Yannian was arrested, Chen Duxiu's friend Wang Meng Zou wanted to rescue Yannian through some relationships. Later he found Hu Shi, and after deliberation, he thought of Wu Zhihui, who was in the Kuomintang at the time. They believed that Wu Zhihui and Chen Yannian had a friendship between teachers and students, and they were still world friends, and there would be a way to rescue them.
But they didn't know that the relationship between Chen Yannian and Wu had broken down, just like that, Hu Shi wrote a letter to Wu Zhihui. Wu learned that Chen Yannian was arrested after receiving the letter. He personally wrote to the pseudo-Shanghai Garrison Commander Yang Hu who arrested Chen Yannian, telling him that it was Chen Yannian who had been arrested.
Yang Hu immediately began to rigorously interrogate Chen Yannian and imposed a lot of criminal laws, but Chen Yannian remained silent. Yang Hu couldn't help but call out the traffic man who had defected to testify. In this way, Chen Yannian's identity was exposed, and then Yang Hu began to threaten Chen Yannian and let him confess more information, but even if Chen Yannian was beaten up, he still didn't say a word.
The enemy became angry and decided to put him to death secretly. In the early morning of July 4, 1927, Chen Yannian was taken secretly to the execution ground. On the execution ground, Chen Yannian, who was already exhausted, stood up and shouted: "Revolutionaries are open and upright and regard death as home. They can only stand to die and never kneel."
stills
The executioner sees this situation , Yelled him to kneel, but Chen Yannian still didn't kneel. Then went up to a group of false policemen, and knocked Chen Yannian to the ground, and the executioner slashed him away. Chen Yannian stood up again, glaring at the executioner. The executioner was so scared that he stumbled, and then a group of executioners went up and hacked Chen Yannian to death.
In this way, Chen Yannian died heroically, only 29 years old. Sadly, Chen Yannian did not have a son behind him.He was not married, because he dedicated his short 29 years of life to the revolution!
Chen Yannian's younger brother, Chen Qiaonian, is four years apart, but Chen Qiaonian and his brother have the same struggle experience. Chen Qiaonian returned to Beijing from Moscow in 1925 the second year after Chen Yannian returned to China to serve as the Organization Minister of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China. He worked with Li Dazhao. Chen Qiaonian, who was only 24 years old, became the youngest member of the district committee.
During the two years when Chen Qiaonian worked in Beijing, he was actively involved in work, and he also launched a lot of work against the warlords of Beiyang. In the campaign against Japanese imperialism in March 1926, Chen Qiaonian performed exceptionally well.
On March 12, 1926, Japan bombarded the Dagu Fort in Tianjin with warships. The news came out and immediately aroused the indignation of the people of the country. On March 18, under the leadership of Li Dazhao and Chen Qiaonian, more than 200 mass organizations from all walks of life organized more than 2,000 people to participate in the petition. However, it was suppressed by the Duan Qirui warlord at the time, resulting in more than 200 casualties.
Chen Qiaonian was also stabbed with a bayonet in this conflict, but he himself believed that the injury was not important and insisted on returning to work. Just like that, he stayed in the hospital for two days before returning to work.
Chen Qiaonian and his brother are very hard at work. Going out during the day for publicity and writing reports at night, often staying up all night.
However, Chen Qiaonian is luckier than his brother Chen Yannian, because he is lucky enough to be a family. They were also comrades in the organization, and they were married in the second half of 1926. Later in 1927, Chen Qiaonian was transferred to Wuhan to work, and here he had a son named "Red Five".
Chen Duxiu in his later years
Chen Qiaonian just had his only son,Before I waited, I returned to Shanghai due to the needs of the Shanghai party organization and served as the Minister of Organization of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. However, this stop in Shanghai has become Chen Qiaonian's last stop.
On February 16, 1928, Chen Qiaonian organized a ministerial meeting on North Chengdu Road in the British Concession of Shanghai. Due to the leak of the traitor Tang Ruilin, including Chen Qiaonian, all 11 leaders of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions were arrested.
On the day of his arrest, Chen Qiaonian was detained in the Xinzha Detention Center in the British Concession. The next day he was extradited to the Shanghai Longhua Kuomintang Songhu Garrison Headquarters Detention Center and detained in Tianzijian No. 1 cell.
Because the enemy did not know that he was Chen Qiaonian at the time, Qiao Nian was named Wang. Although the traitor Tang Ruilin knew most of the people, because Chen Qiaonian had just transferred to Shanghai, the traitor did not know him yet. However, Tang Ruilin knew that among those arrested was Chen Qiaonian, the son of Chen Duxiu.
In order to find out who Chen Qiaonian is, the cunning Tang Ruilin practiced a bitter trick, pretending to be a prisoner, and mixed in. In prison, he asked the long and short questions. But Chen Qiaonian didn't know him and was very vigilant. Once, when he was chatting with Chen Qiaonian, the style of painting suddenly changed and asked Qiaonian: "Are you from Huaining, Anhui? The accent is very similar."
Chen Qiaonian immediately became alert and said: "I am China People." In this way, Chen Qiaonian began to guard against the prisoner in front of him. Seeing that his feet had leaked, Tang Ruilin could only withdraw in a desperate manner.
Because three of the people arrested at the time were unknown to Tang Ruilin. So the leaders decided to sacrifice one of them, Zhou Zhichu, and let him replace Chen Qiaonian's name and position in exchange for Chen Qiaonian. After Zhou Zhichu learned about it, he expressed his willingness to dedicate his life to the revolution and completely agreed.
During the judge's trial, Zhou Zhichu said that he was Chen Qiaonian. And because everyone didn't know who Chen Qiaonian was, Zhou Zhichu could only be sentenced to death. However, because Zhou Zhichu's father was a large overseas Chinese businessman, he also began to actively rescue his son Zhou Zhichu after he had been arrested and sentenced.
Later, the enemy figured out that Zhou Zhichu was an imposter, and Chen Qiaonian was completely exposed. Subsequently, Chen Qiaonian was also viciously interrogated by the enemy, but Chen Qiaonian gritted his teeth and refused to say a word as strong as his brother. In this way, the enemy turned into anger, so that on June 6, 1928, Chen Qiaonian was secretly killed by the Fenglin Bridge in Longhua, Shanghai. He was only 26 years old.
Sadly, after Chen Qiaonian's sacrifice, because his wife was also busy rescuing him, his only child, "Red Five", unfortunately died.
In less than two years, Chen Duxiu lost two sons. As a father, he can imagine the sadness in his heart. Someone once recalled that when Chen Duxiu heard the news of his son’s sacrifice, he did not speak for several days, but just looked out the window in silence...
Maybe at this moment, Chen Duxiu will truly treat Chen Yannian and Qiao Nian. The son's feelings are released.
Until Chen Duxiu was released in 1937, someone found him, hoping that he could join the Kuomintang and serve Chiang Kai-shek, but Chen Duxiu decisively refused. After being released from prison, Chen Duxiu lived in Wuhan, Chongqing and other places for education until his death in 1942.
Now the Si people are dead, but the contributions made by Chen Duxiu and his son will inevitably be remembered by Chinese sons and daughters. The tortuous experience of the brothers Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian will also bring us more enlightenment!
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