text|Comrade Che Guevara
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the heroes came together and the people were in a state of chaos. The addiction of the king. Among them, Liang Shidao, who once claimed to be Emperor Liang, ruled northern Shaanxi for 12 years. It was the last separatist regime to be wiped out by the Tang Dynasty. It was called the most tenacious warlord in the late Sui and early Tang. So, what "knowledge" does Liang Shidao have to resist the Tang Dynasty for many years? How does he end up in the end?
01 Rebellion against the Sui Dynasty
Liang Shidu, whose real name is Liang Xuanmo, is the capital of the word teacher. It is the powerhouse of Shuofang County in Xiazhou (now west of Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province, northeast of Jingbian County) , Because his father Liang Ding died young, he was raised by his uncle Liang Pi since childhood. Liang Pi was a well-known official of the Sui Dynasty. He was respected by Emperor Wen and Emperor Sui Yang for his integrity and integrity. Because of his uncle being a high official in the imperial court, Liang Shidu was appointed by the imperial court when he grew up.
The Liang division ruled northern Shaanxi for 12 years
Liang division was very responsible in the role of Yingyang Mansion Lang, but the imperial court suspected that he held his own troops, so he ordered a general He was removed from office. After being dismissed from office, Master Liang felt resentment, so he made extensive contacts with criminals in his hometown and prepared to rebel. On the first day of February in the thirteenth year of the great cause (617), the Liangshi, who saw the demise of the Sui Dynasty as a foregone conclusion, all officially raised their troops and attacked and killed the county Cheng Tang Shizong and occupied Shuofang county. Afterwards, the Liang division claimed to be the prime minister, and colluded with the East Turks, and repeatedly attacked the surrounding counties and counties .
In March of that year,Liang Shidu defeated Sui Dynasty general Zhang Shilong, and took advantage of the victory to capture Diaoyin, Honghua, Yan'an and other counties, greatly increasing their territory and strength. In this case, the Liang division took the opportunity to proclaim the emperor, and named the country Liang . After Liang Shidu became emperor, the Turkic Shibi Khan gave him the wolf-head banner as a congratulatory gift, and gave him the titles of "Dadu Vija Khan" and "Emperor of Solving Things". In order to repay the "great grace" of the East Turks, the Liang Shidu guided the Turkic soldiers to occupy the land in Henan, and then attacked Yanchuan County.
Figure of the separatist rule in the late Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty
Say something off topic. During the war in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties, the East Turks actively participated in the affairs of the Central Plains, and successively supported Liu Wuzhou (Ding Yang Khan), Guo Zihe (Ping Yang Khan), Liang Shidu, Yang Zhengdao (The King of Sui), and Liu Hei. Puppet regimes such as Tai (King of the East of the Han Dynasty) intend to maintain the Central Plains' split and melee pattern for a long time to ensure the survival and growth of East Turks. However, not long after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, these puppet regimes were eliminated one after another, and even the East Turks themselves were eventually destroyed under the fierce blow of the Tang army.
02 Liang Tang Jiaobing
Liang Shidu presumptuously became the emperor, and he was not satisfied with occupying a corner of Shuofang, expanding a larger living space and even fighting for the hegemony of the world. It was also his lofty ambition . However, not long after Liang Shidu became emperor, Li Yuan usurped the Sui Dynasty and proclaimed it emperor. Except for the Eastern Turks in the north, the other three prefectures and counties surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. In this way, Master Liang wanted to expand his territory and had to "cut the flesh" from the Tang Dynasty. How easy was it?
stills of Luo Khan
Since July of the first year of Wude (618), Liangshi has been attacking Lingzhou frequently, trying to open up the traffic arteries to the west to attack the Hexi Corridor, but every time Was defeated by Tang Dynasty generals Lin Xingshe, Duan Decao and others.The Liangshi had nothing to do, so he could only ask for help from the suzerain, and persuaded Chuluo Khan to invade south by invading on the grounds that the unification of the world under the Tang dynasty was not conducive to the survival and development of the Turks. In order to show his sincerity, Master Liang patted his chest to the East Turkic envoys and assured him that he would be willing to personally be a guide as long as Chu Luo Khan sent his troops south.
Chuluo Khan thought that Liang Shidu’s suggestion was reasonable, so he soon formulated a five-way south invasion plan, that is, Chuluo Khan himself besieged Taiyuan, and his younger brother Tuli Khan joined Xi, Khitan, and Mo. Jie invaded from Youzhou Road, General Nibushe and Liang Shidu joined forces to attack Yanzhou, General Mo Hetuo led troops to invade Wuyuan, Xia Wang Dou Jiande entered the army from Fukou to join Yujin and Jiangzhou. However, when Luo Khan was about to reinvigorate his army, he suddenly fell ill and died, resulting in a miscarriage in the middle of the southern invasion plan.
Turkic cavalry
Liangshidu, who had not waited for the strong support of the East Turks, began to be violently counterattacked by the Tang army, and the situation became more and more critical. In the sixth year of Wude (623), the generals of Liang Shidu, He Sui and Suo Zhou, led their 12 states to surrender to the Tang Dynasty. Duan Decao took the opportunity to attack Shuofang City and attacked the East City in one fell swoop. In order to save his life, Master Liang personally went to the East Turks to pay homage to Jie Li Khan, and instigated him to go south and enter the bandit. Since then, the Turks have invaded the Tang dynasty year after year, so that they went deep into the inland and faced the Weiqiao, making the Tang army passively defensive while invisibly relaxing the siege of Liangshidu .
03 The country died
At the beginning of Tang Taizong's accession to the throne, the domestic heroes had been wiped out. Only Liang Shi was still resisting, and he did not surrender to the Tang Dynasty. It is because the powerful East Turks are backing them. However, as the East Turks themselves plunged into civil strife,It is no longer possible to provide strong support, making the situation facing Liang Shi's even more critical. Under this situation, Emperor Taizong of Tang took the initiative to stretch out the "olive branch", asking Liang Shi to recognize the situation, return to him as soon as possible, and allow high-ranking officials to show their titles. However, Master Liang was stubborn and always refused Tang Taizong's persuasion to surrender.
stills of Tang Taizong
As the so-called "toast without eating and fine wine", Tang Taizong ordered Liu Min and Sima Liulan to plan the eradication of Liang Guo. Liu Min and Liu Lancheng guarded the border for many years and knew the political and people conditions of the Liang state. Therefore, they adopted a "multi-pronged" strategy. While using counter-intermination to separate the monarchs and ministers of the Liang division, they also sent Qingqi to ravage the crops in the Liang state. As a result, the grain storage in Shuofang City was empty, and it was difficult for soldiers and people to eat a full meal.
After the implementation of the plan for more than a year, the political and public sentiments in Liang Kingdom have changed drastically. Not only the generals and officials who surrendered to the Tang dynasty overtly or secretly, but also soldiers and common people resented the imperial emperor Liangshi. . Because of this, Liu Min and Liu Lancheng wrote to the court in the second year of Zhenguan (628 years), requesting that they immediately send troops to conquer Liang Shidu. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty approved Er Liu's memorial, sent generals Chai Shao and Xue Wanjun to join forces in the discussion, and ordered Liu Min to lead elite troops to defend Shuofang Dongcheng.
Jie Li Khan stills
After Liang Division learned the news of the Tang army’s attack, he hurriedly sent people to the East Turks to bring rescue troops, but the reinforcements led by Jie Li Khan were caught by Chai on the way Defeated, unable to reach Shuofang city at all. The demise of Liang Kingdom, which lost the East Turkic reinforcements, is inevitable, but at this time the Liang divisions are still looking forward to a miracle. However, the miracle did not come in the end, and what Master Liang waited for was the fatal blow of his cousin Liang Luoren, which was in April of that year. After Liang Luoren beheaded the capital of Liang Shidu, he led the people to surrender the city, and the state of Liang, which was founded for 12 years, was destroyed, and the Tang Dynasty has thus completed the unification .
bibliography
Wei Zheng (Tang Dynasty): "Book of Sui", Zhonghua Book Company 1997 edition.
Li Yanshou (Tang): "Northern History", Zhonghua Book Company, 1974 edition.
Liu Zhu, Zhao Ying (Later Jin): "Old Tang Book", Zhonghua Book Company, 1975 edition.
Ouyang Xiu (Northern Song Dynasty): "New Tang Book", Zhonghua Book Company, 1975 edition.
Sima Guang (Northern Song Dynasty): "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", Zhonghua Book Company 2015 edition.
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