In November 1944, Yan'an Airport welcomed a special guest. President Roosevelt’s personal representative Hurley .
In 1944, the fierce battle between China and Japan was in full swing, and the Japanese army had shifted from a strategic offensive to a strategic defensive stage. It began to shrink its forces and was on the defensive. China's war of resistance against Japan has moved from the strategic stalemate stage to the strategic counter-offensive stage.
The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China continued to launch harassment and raid wars against the Japanese and puppet troops in northern, central and southern China. The Japanese army had to mobilize a large number of main forces to come back to maintain the vested fruits.
On the Kuomintang’s frontal battlefield, Yu and Xianggui were defeated. Most of the territory of Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, and Guangdong fell into the hands of the Japanese.
And internationally, since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in the United States in December 1947, the United States declared war on Japan.
The United States and Japan are in a stalemate on the Pacific battlefield. The United States decided to send an aircraft carrier’s air team to bomb Japan. As the bombers could not refuel after taking off from a long distance and could not fly back to the carrier to land, they could only land nearby in North China, which is not a Japanese-occupied area. Most of the North China area is led by the Communist Party. Eighth Route Army control. The United States has relatively little knowledge of the Communist Party, in order to investigate the situation of the Communist Party, the landing of aircraft, the safety of relevant American personnel and other issues.
So the United States organized a military observation group to visit Yan'an. They chose Bao Ruide, who has served in the army for many years and is proficient in Chinese, as the head of the delegation.
is under the leadership of head Bao Ruide. The members of the U.S. Observer Group conducted relatively objective, fair, and truthful reports, and believed that the Eighth Route Army was indeed a true anti-Japanese ally and a force that could not be ignored in the anti-Japanese war and should give the CCP appropriate assistance.
and Bao Ruide drafted a report to President Roosevelt , hoping to send high-level representatives to communicate with the Chinese Communist Party, in this case. President Roosevelt sent Brigadier General Hurley to Yan'an as his personal representative, and ordered that if the problems between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party can be adjusted, the contradictions within China can be peacefully resolved, so that it can form a unified anti-Japanese force, and the U.S. combat against Japan will be reduced. Great pressure. That would be a great achievement!
President Roosevelt gave Hurley five tasks. 1. Prevent the collapse of the National Government; 2. Support Chiang Kai-shek as president of the Republic and army commander; 3. Coordinating the relationship between the chairman and the US military commander; 4. Promote the production of Chinese war materials and prevent economic collapse; 5. To defeat Japan , Unify all Chinese troops. "Z3z
Hurley came to China confidently. He first visited Chiang Kai-shek at Chongqing , and after listening to Chiang Kai-shek’s message of pity, he gradually became willing to become a die-hard fan of Chiang. He told the CCP’s Dong Biwu that he hoped to have a chance to come. Yan'an called on Chairman Mao. Dong Biwu reported to the Central Committee on some work on the issues of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After the CCP has discussed and agreed, we should do everything we can to meet the requirements of the U.S. representative. Show the CCP’s sincerity and mind. Hope to take this It is helpful to form a coalition government for China to peacefully resolve domestic issues.
November 7, 1944. Hurley arrived in Yan'an by special plane. Zhou Enlai arranged a field platoon to hold a simple welcome ceremony. This is good face and vanity Hurley was very happy. He sang the cowboy songs of the American West all the way.
The next day, Mao Zedong and other central leaders held the first meeting with Hurley. Hurley produced the "For the Work" which was negotiated with Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing. "The basis of the agreement" discussed the issue of reorganizing the CCP army. There are five articles in total. The main content is that the Chinese Communist Party’s army obeys and implements the orders of the National Government and its Military Committee, and requires all officers and soldiers of the Communist Party to accept the government’s reorganization. Recognize the legal status of the Communist Party.
This is obviously an unreasonable agreement in favor of Chiang Kai-shek. Mao Zedong did not immediately reply to this question, but first stated that the CCP hopes to form a coalition of political parties governed by the people of the whole country, including patriots. The government, the reorganization of the army is to better defeat Japan. It should eliminate those corrupt and low combat forces, not all the CCP’s military. Z3z
and the CCP made a number of opinions to amend the agreement. Hurley also believes that the CCP It is sincere, and the opinions are pertinent.
After several rounds of negotiations with the CCP. A new agreement was made called "Five-Article Agreement Draft." Both parties signed on it and asked Zhou Enlai to personally accompany Hurley to Chongqing, hoping to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to sign this agreement.
Sure enough, Chiang Kai-shek, who had a volatile nature, did not agree with this agreement, and firmly did not agree to the formation of a coalition government. However, the Communist Party can be recognized as a legal political party, but the army must be unified under the jurisdiction of the government, and senior generals of the Chinese Communist Party can serve in the army. Anyone with a discerning eye understands that all those given to the CCP are false jobs. In a word, Chiang Kai-shek wants to incorporate the Communist army.
Zhou Enlai refused. Forgive me that this is a fake peace talk with no sincerity.
Hurley made peace in this negotiation, but the conditions between Chiang and the CCP were far different and ultimately failed. This made him very frustrated. He also proposed that the CCP and Chiang formed a joint army. The commander-in-chief was an American, and Zhou Enlai refused on the spot.
Later, Hurley suggested to Chiang Kai-shek that Mao Zedong should be invited to Chongqing for negotiations. Hurley’s trick was very insidious. He thought that Mao Zedong would not dare to come to Chongqing.
gave Chiang Kai-shek a word of truth. It is said that the CCP has no sincerity in peace talks, and even the courage to negotiate. If Mao Zedong came to Chongqing. Then Jiang can delay the negotiation time. Chiang can deploy troops to occupy North China and East China, squeezing the CCP’s living space.
This seemingly trick with two birds with one stone, in front of the great man Mao Zedong, it is like a clown dancing. Mao Zedong went to Chongqing alone with great benevolence and wisdom, and extensively contacted all walks of life to promote the Chinese Communist Party’s thoughts, during which he wrote a song "Qinyuanchun. Snow", Countless people fell over, and they all saw the leadership style of a poet and a politician. It was in the limelight for a while and was recognized by people from all walks of life.
Chiang Kai-shek was so desperate that he had to write a poem that overwhelmed the chairman's poem "Qingyuanchun. Snow" by the Kuomintang civil servants such as the courage Chen Bule. But a few days later, Chen Bray all said that I am incompetent. I really can't write anything that can overwhelm the chairman's poem.
After 43 days of Chongqing negotiations, it was a small gain to finally sign a "Double Ten Agreement". Hurley's conspiracy did not succeed, but instead promoted the CCP.
During the negotiations, the Kuomintang’s several wars provoked by the Kuomintang were not at all cheap and did not take advantage of them. Instead, they lost a lot of troops.
Soon Chiang Kai-shek tore up the agreement and aggressively attacked the Liberated Area.
Hurley failed to complete his mission in China. Was condemned by the international and domestic. He became more paranoid. Openly support Chiang Kai-shek and defeat the CCP. Reached the point of madness.
Mao Zedong criticized Hurley on many occasions. "Since he publicly announced that he will not cooperate with the Communist Party. What did he do in the liberated areas?" " Xinhua Daily " has also published editorials many times, criticizing Hurley for disregarding facts, distorting and vilifying the CCP's shameful actions.
It can be said that Mao Zedong hated Hurley very much. Once Mao Zedong said in an interview with a representative of the American Democratic League, "My rotten guns can hit both Japanese and Americans. The first step is to drive Hurley away." Mao Zedong has never been so angry with a foreigner in his life. It can be seen that Mao Zedong hates Hull very much. Two-sided.
