Count down the shame of "Jingkang Shame" with data
Open a three-thousand-year Chinese ancient history, in a series of ups and downs of historical events, if To count the most dramatic, Jingkang’s difficulties can at least be ranked in the top ten. The north-south conflict between the northern nomadic civilization and the Central Plains civilization almost runs through the entire ancient history, from the conquest of the Huns in the Han Dynasty to the Five Husbands of China, from the Mongolian marching south to the entry of the Qing army and so on. The particularity and drama of the Jingkang disaster is that this is the tragedy of the emperor of the Central Plains dynasty being captured by the barbarians in the north, causing the country to ruin and destroy the family.
"Jingkang shame, still not snow, hate by the courtiers, when will it die." This sentence in Yue Fei's "Man Jianghong" well reflects how shame the famous "Shame of Jingkang" is in history.
Jing Kang shame is known as one of the eight shame in Chinese history. The change of Jingkang can be said to be a great humiliation in the Song Dynasty. To what extent? If readers can't imagine the level of shame, then let's review the history 900 years ago and use historical materials and data analysis to see how shameful Jingkang is!
The Shame of Jingkang:
How much did the Northern Song Dynasty lose to Jin Guo?
In ancient times, gold, silver, and copper were used as independent currency to circulate currency. The gold content and silver content are not considered here. When discussing ancient currencies, an assumption is usually used: one tael of gold = 10 taels of silver = 10 pennies = 1,000 copper coins.
How much renminbi does the Song Dynasty always cost today?
In 2019, the price of gold is basically around US$1,300 an ounce, and an ounce is 31.1 grams (in troy balance). In the Song Dynasty, one catty is 640 grams, and one catty is 16 taels, so the one tael in the Song Dynasty is 40 grams today. In this way, one tael of gold in the Song Dynasty is equivalent to US$1,672, and today's US dollar to RMB 6.87 is equivalent to 11487 yuan. According to the assumption that one tael of gold is 10 taels of silver or 10 pennies, the consistent copper coin in the Song Dynasty is equivalent to 1,149 yuan.
In the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Golden Army was divided into east and west and attacked Bianjing. The Golden Army was like a broken bamboo, and within a few months, they came to the city. A few tens of thousands of gold troops trapped 200,000 Northern Song army in the city. The Northern Song Emperor Song Qinzong was unable to resist and could only seek peace. Guo Jianlong’s "Siege of Bianjing" wrote that the Jinjun’s compensation request: 10 million gold ingots, silver Twenty million ingots, when converted into two, is one hundred million taels of gold and one billion taels of silver. At the same time, 10 million pieces of silk are needed.
What is this concept? According to the exchange rate in 2019, RMB 2.2973 trillion is calculated. Encyclopedia data shows that even in the three years of Xianping (1000 yuan), the most prosperous and economically developed Northern Song Dynasty, the GDP reached 26.55 billion US dollars, and the per capita GDP was only 450 US dollars (from Angus Maddison. Millennium Statistics of the World Economy, calculated at an exchange rate of 4.78 in 1990). But by 1127, the economic strength of the Northern Song Dynasty, which had been fighting for many years, had declined. Even if calculated according to the most prosperous period, the compensation required by a small Golden State would have to pay for decades of financial resources in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The so-called "soldiers come to cover, water comes to cover", the living people, especially the emperor, could let the money be kidnapped, Song Qinzong still thought of some ways.
Squeeze the royal family and ministers, and ask the kings, servants, emperors, ministers, etc., to take out all the golden silks at home. Since the gold people demanded too much gold and silver, and the central government alone was too slow to raise money, Song Qinzong also issued an edict, stating that it was a gift for the gold people not to burn, kill, or loot, and demanded that all the public, private, powerful, and wealthy in the city should pay the gold and silver. Come out, even the queen's gold and silver cannot be hidden. The administration, justice, and the procuratorate cooperated to fully collect gold and silver, especially the gold and silver shops, even the noble relatives, courtesans and wives of the noble families, and the emperor's rewards were taken back.
In order to obtain gold and silver faster, Qinzong ordered to set up a gold and silver purchase institution, and use money to buy gold and silver from the private sector;
adopts the reward policy of mutual whistleblowing and disclosure, and the national mobilization supervision is The state contributes gold and silver, and informers can get a 3% reward.
The Shame of Jingkang II:
卖妻女再关
In the first year of Jingkang (1126), when the Jin Army launched an encirclement and suppression of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Army demanded five million taels of gold and fifty million taels of silver, which was far away. It is far more than ten times the upper limit set by Song Qinzong, which means that this compensation task is basically impossible to complete. In the second year of Jingkang (1127), only one year after the Jinjun’s first encirclement and suppression, the Jinjun requested compensation for the second time. Gold and silver could no longer meet the needs of the Jinmen. The compensation clauses proposed this time include: Such a clause says, "The two Diji, Zongji, and Clan Ji each have four, 2,500 court ladies, 1,500 women music, etc., and 3,000 various craftsmen must be handed over to the Jinjun." The money could not be delivered on time, and the royal woman was sold to the Jinjun for the amount of gold and silver. The specific price is: Emperor Ji and Wangfei each have 1,000 ingots of gold, Zongji has 500 ingots of gold, Zongji has two hundred ingots of gold, Zongji has 500 ingots of silver, and the clan woman has 200 ingots of silver. One hundred ingots of silver per person. In other words, as long as the payment of gold and silver cannot be completed, almost all the women of the Zhao family will not be spared. The imperial dignity and dignity of the Zhao Song imperial family disappeared, which is also a unique event in the entire ancient Chinese history.
表 Bianjing Women's Money Exchange Table (from "Jingkang Shi Jianzheng")
After all, women in war cannot escape a tragic fate. The emperor's concubine, Di Ji (daughter) could not escape the fate of accompany wine and reward the army. There are also many women in the court who have been hidden among the people, but Kaifeng Mansion has used super-high efficiency to find them one by one, because only if they are completely found can Jin Jun leave early. Guo Jianlong recorded the humiliation of this woman in detail with time and data:
There are lieutenants Zhang, Lu, and Cao who refused to give in to the second prince, Han Li, and were strung together by Jin Jun with iron rods and erected in front of the camp. He died in three days.
At that time, there was a concubine surnamed Zhu, who was only thirteen years old. He refused to give in to the second prince, Han Li, so Han Li refused to say: "You bought a thousand ingots of gold. How dare you not follow me? "She was sold by the emperor for military money.
On February 16, the second year of Jingkang, the assembly of women was completed. The two marshals of the Jin army ordered the women assigned to the soldiers of the Jin army to wear the clothes of the golden men. Some women were pregnant at home, and the marshals specially sent The doctor gave them abortions.
On February 17, they chose 3,000 from the women enshrined in the Song Dynasty as a tribute to the Emperor of the Jin Kingdom, and then rewarded 1,400 to the soldiers.
On February 18th, the second prince Han can not find 20 concubines and 32 singing girls to persuade them to drink, Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and their queen were also present.
The snatch of women began in February in the second year of Jingkang (1127) and basically came to an end on March 15. According to the price of women marked by Kaifeng Prefecture, the price of the forty-six princesses, emperors, and princesses is 1,000 ingots of gold per person, which is 134,000 ingots of gold. Kaifeng Mansion took a huge amount of effort to collect a total of 49,520 ingots of gold. In the compensation to the Jin Jun, in addition to the fifty-one empress and princesses, there were 11,506 women who were sold to the Jinren by the emperor, in return for a total of six hundred and seven thousand seven hundred ingots. , Silver two hundred fifty-eight three thousand one hundred ingots.
Even if the seller's income is added, the compensation is still not enough, so Zhang Bangchang has to rely on Zhang Bangchang to plead for pardon. In this sense, the city of Bianjing was not saved by the emperor, but by the women and Zhang Bangchang to bring it out of the abyss.
The Shame of Jingkang III:
The two emperors became prisoners
The Jinjun received a large number of women and war compensations, and began a major evacuation. According to the Jinren records, there were more than 3,000 wives of the emperor among the prisoners of the Northern Song Dynasty, more than 4,000 men and women of the clan, more than 5,000 men and women of nobles, and more than 3,000 various craftsmen and workshops.
According to the Supplements to the Supplements to the Supplements to the Supplements of the General Mirror, the two emperors Hui and Qin traveling north gradually disappeared from the sight of the southern people, and only a few people met by chance. Fan Zhongxiong, who had resisted the Jin Army in Huaizhou, was fortunate to see Song Qinzong for the last time. On the fourth day of April, Nianhan returned to Zhengzhou and decided to send Fan Zhongxiong and those who were originally south of the Yellow River, but who happened to be north of the Yellow River during the war, to the Southern Dynasty. He released Fan Zhongxiong. Before his release, Fan Zhongxiong saw several peopleThe maid and the woman, they put a thin man in between. This person is Song Qinzong, known as the young emperor. Fan Zhongxiong hurriedly prayed, expressing to the young emperor that he was humble and inferior, and unable to turn things around, so that the emperor suffered this strange shame. But the emperor was so indifferent that he didn't even reply.
Taishang Emperor Song Huizong behaved more generously. On the way to the north, he met the former Liao officials (and former Song officials) Guo Yaoshi, Zhang Linghui and others. Guo Yaoshi met with the Taishang Emperor and said that since he used to be Monarchs and ministers must now also follow the courtesy of monarchs and ministers. However, he was unable to excuse his apostasy, and he had to surrender, asking the Emperor to forgive him. The Supreme Emperor said graciously: "The weather is like this. How can you forgive the sins of injustice?"
In the process of Song Huizong and the north, humiliation is inevitable. A well-known etiquette in Jin State is the "Lamb Raising Ceremony". "This etiquette is specially set up for the captives who have been surrendered to express the nobility of the victor.
On the morning of August 24th, thousands of golden soldiers broke into the Shangjing camp where the second emperor was located, where 1,300 people including emperors, princes, concubines, and princesses were imprisoned. The soldiers forced them to go outside the ancestral temple of the Golden State, stripped off the robes of the emperor and empress, put on civilian clothes, and wrapped them in sheepskin. The rest of the people, whether they were consorts, concubines, princesses, imperial concubines, or clan women, They were all topless, wearing only a sheepskin, and holding a sheepskin rope.
The humiliation is not over yet. Song Huizong was named Gongdegong, and Emperor Song Qinzong was named Chonghuhou.
Song Huizong was imprisoned in Hanzhou (now Changtu County, Liaoning Province), and then moved to Five Kingdoms City (now Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province). During his imprisonment, Song Huizong suffered mental torture. Song Huizong was imprisoned for 9 years. On Jiazi Day in April 1135, he died in Five Kingdoms City due to unbearable mental torture at the age of 54.
In June of the 26th year of Shaoxing (1156), Emperor Jin’s Wan Yanliang ordered 57-year-old Song Qinzong Zhao Huan and 81-year-old Liaotian Zuo Emperor Yelu Yanxi to play polo. Yelu Yanxi was good at riding and tried to rush out of the siege to escape, but was shot to death by random arrows. Emperor Qinzong was weak, suffering from severe wind diseases, and not good at horsemanship. He quickly fell off his horse and was trampled to death by horses.
Zhao's clan, except for those who are already dead, have slowly merged into the blood of the golden man. The originally nomadic Jinren completed the evolution to farming civilization through plunder.
