Zhang Han, named Shaorong, was born in an unknown year and died in 205 BC. Qin II was then the Shaofu. The Shaofu was an official position in the Qin Dynasty and was one of the Nine Qings. The Qin Dynasty made " you can't get a rank or rank without military merit", and Zhang Han made his first appearance in the history books as one of the Nine Qings. It can be seen that he has accumulated a lot of military achievements before, and he is not a general person. After
Zhang Han appeared on the scene, he led the Qin army to defeat two peasant uprisings led by Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang. For a time, the anti-Qin struggle of the peasant uprisings continued to fall into a low ebb. Then the pressure from the Qin court forced Zhang Han to surrender Xiang Yu. In the last stage of his life, he resisted Liu Bang and refused to surrender until his death. Faced with the same life choices, but choosing different paths, one has to say that fate plays a trick on people.
was forced to become a general and marched eastward and westward
In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted in Daze Township. While the rebel army was attacking the city and plundering the territory, Chen Sheng also sent a general Zhou Wen to the west towards the capital of Qin State Xianyang .
In the winter of the second year of Qin II (209 BC), Zhou Wen gathered the refugees who were overwhelmed by Qin Fa while marching. When they arrived at Xiting (today's east of Lintong, Shaanxi Province), the army had reached " thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers ". Obviously, the situation faced by the Qin court at this time was very critical. When Qin II was discussing countermeasures with the ministers, Zhang Han, the Shaofu, offered his advice and said: "The thieves have arrived, and they are so strong that they cannot reach the county now. There are many disciples in Lishan. Please pardon them and send troops to attack them." tml2." Qin II immediately adopted Zhang Han's suggestion, " II is to grant amnesty to the world and make Zhang Han the general of this army."
The identity of " Lishan disciple " here is quite complicated. There are prisoners, soldiers, and ordinary people. The number of people is also very large - " When the First Emperor came to the throne, he conquered the Li Mountains and conquered the whole country. He sent more than 700,000 disciples to the throne.
However, it is certain that the Li Mountain disciples were a group with experience in fighting.
Zhang Han then led an army composed of prisoners and slaves to fight against hundreds of thousands of rebels led by Zhou Wen. He forced the rebels back several times and finally defeated the general Zhou Wen.
Defeat Chen Sheng
In November of the second year of Qin II (i.e. 209 BC), Zhang Han took advantage of the victory to advance eastward after defeating Zhou Wenjun in Caoyang, defeated Wei general Tian Zang at Aocang, and then occupied Xingyang. Then he continued to lead his troops south, taking advantage of the victory to pursue the victory, targeting the revolutionary base of Chen She, the leader of the peasant uprising - Chen .
In the twelfth lunar month of 209 BC, Zhang Han defeated Chen Sheng, and the Chen land returned to Qin - " In the twelfth lunar month, King Chen returned to Ruyin, Xiachengfu, and his imperial village was killed to surrender to Qin".
The uprising army was defeated so quickly, not because of Zhang Hanqiang, but because of internal strife between Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. As early as when Zhang Han besieged Xingyang, Tian Zang and Wu Guang had different opinions. Tian Zang used Chen Sheng's order to kill Wu Guang. From this moment on, the rebel army was doomed to fail.
Destroyed Wei and Qi, destroyed Chu Xiangliang
As the leader of the peasant uprising, Chen Sheng himself was a banner of the anti-Qin forces in the world. Chen Sheng's defeat and death caused the anti-Qin forces to instantly fall into a leaderless situation. The anti-Qin forces in various places fought on their own. These anti-Qin forces were roughly divided into two types; the first type was led by Xiang Liang, who supported the King of Chu to replace Chen Sheng, making the King of Chu the "nominal leader" of the anti-Qin forces in the world;
After Zhang Han defeated Chen Sheng, his next target was Wei Jiu of Wei State .
Wei Jiu was originally the son of the Wei state during the Warring States period. After the Qin State destroyed the Wei State, he was deposed as a commoner. In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng rebelled, and Wei Jiu went to follow Chen Sheng. During the development of the uprising army, Chen Sheng returned Wei Jiu to Wei and made Wei Jiu the king of Wei.
In the first month of the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Zhang Han led his army to surround Linji, the capital of Wei. Wei Jiu had no choice but to seek help from King Qi and Xiang Liang. King Tian Dan of Qi personally led troops to rescue Wei, while Xiang Liang sent his general Xiang Ta to rescue Wei.
Facing the allied forces of Wei, Qi and Chu, Zhang Han directly chose to attack in a sneak attack. In the second year of Qin II (208 BC In June of the year), Zhang Han's army took advantage of the darkness to sneak attack on the coalition forces - " Zhang Han attacked the Qi and Wei armies at night, and killed Tian Dan under Linji."
In the battle of Linji, Qi King Tian Dan and Wei King Wei Jiu were both defeated and killed by Zhang Han.
The Battle of Dingtao
After Zhang Han pacified Wei, his troops pointed directly at Qi, and the new King of Qi Tian Rong could only run and ask Xiang Liang for help.
In July of the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Xiang Liang sent troops to fight Zhang Han in Dong'a, and won a small victory - " Xiang Liang heard that Tian Rong was in urgent need, so he led his troops to defeat Zhang Han's army in Dong'a." Tian Rong was rescued and Zhang Han's army retreated. Xiang Liang continued to pursue Zhang Han and reached Puyang, where he fought with Zhang Han's army again and defeated Zhang Han's army.
It can be said that Xiang Liang is quite capable after being fully prepared. Zhang Han also after a small defeat in Puyang, after some adjustments, " Zhang Han recovered, defended Puyang, and surrounded the water ". Seeing Zhang Han's adjustment, Xiang Liang directly chose to bypass Zhang Han and attack Dingtao next to him. After Zhang Han's army regrouped in Puyang, they fought with the Chu army led by Xiang Liang in Dingtao. In September of the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Zhang Han killed Xiang Liang in Dingtao.
After Zhang Han killed Xiang Liang, he thought that Chu was no longer a threat, so he led his army to attack Zhao - " Zhang Han had defeated Xiang Liang's army, so he thought that Chu's troops were not enough to worry about, so he crossed the river and attacked Zhao in the north.." This directly provided a buffer opportunity for Xiang Yu and Liu Bang in Chu, and also laid the foundation for Zhang Han's final defeat by Xiang Yu.
Battle of Julu , surrender to the Chu army
After the Battle of Dingtao, Zhang Han led his army to fight in Hebei, and the battle was directed at Zhao.
In September of the second year of Qin II (208 BC), " Zhang Han led his troops to Handan, and moved all his people to Hanoi, barbarizing the city walls ." After Zhang Han regained Handan, Zhao Wangxie and Zhang Er fled to Julu City, and were besieged by another Qin army, Wang Lijun. Wang Li was originally Mengtian's army. After Mengtian was killed, his army was taken over by Wang Li.
In this way, Wang Li's army besieged Julu City, and Zhang Han ensured that Wang Li's army's food routes were smooth in the south - " Chapter Han's army moved to Julu Nanjiyuan, built a corridor belonging to the river, and paid Wang Li."
In the third year of Qin II (208 BC) In December of the year), Wang Li's army besieging Julu City was defeated by Xiang Yu, and Wang Li was captured. Zhang Han led his army to support but was repelled by Xiang Yu. The two armies fought in a stalemate on both sides of the Zhang River.
Zhang Han's continuous retreat angered the court, and Qin II even sent someone to reprimand Zhang Han. Under this situation, the frightened Zhang Han sent Chief Shi Sima Xin back to the court to explain the situation and request reinforcements. As a result, Prime Minister Zhao Gao left Sima Xin in Xianyang for three days without receiving or sending him away. Zhao Gao's reaction made Sima Xin even more frightened. Sima Xin immediately returned to the army and said to Zhang Han: ", you can do it if you die." The Prime Minister, Zhao Gaozhuan, has decided. If you win this battle, Gao will be jealous of my merits; if you can't win, , you will not be spared death. I hope the general will know his plan well." Sima Xin means that the supermarket is afraid of your achievements. If you win, Zhao Gao will be afraid of you. If you lose, will inevitably be executed.
At the same time, the Chu army Chen Yu submitted a letter of persuasion to surrender to Zhang Han, agreeing to join forces with him to attack Qin. Faced with internal and external troubles, Zhang Han finally chose to surrender to Xiang Yu.
Shou Yong arrived at the Han Dynasty. He died in Feiqiu
After Zhang Han surrendered to Xiang Yu, he was deprived of military power by Xiang Yu and placed in the Chu army.In the first month of the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Xiang Yu established himself as the Overlord of Western Chu. When he enfeoffed the eighteen princes, he officially named Zhang Han as King Yong, and the capital of the king was Feiqiu.
But the good times did not last long. Liu Bang used Han Xin 's plan to cross Chencang secretly. Zhang Han led his troops to fight with Han Xin several times, but they were all defeated. In the end, only Feiqiu, the capital of the king, was left - " Han to attack Han Chencang , Yong was defeated, but he still left; he stopped fighting, but was defeated again, and went to Feiqiu. "
At the same time, King Sima Xin of Sai and Dong Yi, king of Zhai, had surrendered to the Han army. Only Han was left to guard Feiqiu and resist desperately among the three kings of Xiang Yufeng. In May of the second year of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), water was diverted by Fan Kuai to fill the waste hill. The waste hill collapsed and Zhang Han committed suicide.
Zhang Han was indeed a capable and tragic general, loyal to Qin, but forced to surrender to Xiang Yu; and faced with Liu Bang's siege, this time without internal coercion, Zhang Han chose death. It can only be said that Zhang Han was born in the wrong era. If the king was Qin Shihuang instead of Qin II, Zhang Han might have lived a different life.
