An old saying goes: If you are poor, you will change, and if you change, you will read . Therefore, through ancient times, many people have a special liking for the word "change" and talk about things like "reform" and "change".
However, when talking about Shang Yang's reform , I have said that the drastic things like reform actually pay special attention to the mutual support of various factors such as conditions, foundation, courage, environment, and cost, otherwise it will be difficult to succeed. Shang Yang's reforms would not be because Qin State was almost out of shape at that time, Qin Xiaogong was trying hard to change the status quo and unswervingly support Shang Yang ... It is highly likely that it will not succeed!
Let’s look back at what the ancients said, “If you are poor, you will change, and if you change, you will understand.” . Do most people ignore an important premise of “poor”? What is poverty? Being poor and past, all the way! Being poor and careless means that you have less cost and resistance to overthrow and reconstruction; "End of end" means that you have tried to take other paths, but it cannot be done, so you have to try this path again!
In short, the reform is actually a last resort, but many people still regard it as a good medicine for the world, which is indeed a bit contrary to the rules. In fact, you can understand this with a little thought. Is the national reform the same as our personal major surgery? If a person is not sick to a certain extent, taking medicine, injections, and recuperation will not work. Who would want to run to the operating table and get a knife at any time?
Wang Mang After becoming the emperor, under the continuous fermentation of Confucian theory in his heart and the support of Confucian children's encouragement of , he also began reform in a hurry. It is known in history that " Wang Mang restructured ".
Wang Mang's reforms have a wide range of impacts and many actions. Basically, there are only ones he could not imagine, nothing he could not do. Some small things are reformed, such as Wang Mang especially likes to change his name, including personal names and place names. This kind of thing is not very harmful, so I won’t introduce it.
However, some major issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood affect the whole body, and the impact is extremely bad and huge. I still need to discuss it with you. Let me talk about the first one today.
A sentence is added here, and we will find that every reform of Wang Mang looks quite high-end and is linked to people’s beautiful wishes and noble sentiments. Why? Because if there is no high-end slogan or a beautiful and happy vision, then there is no prerequisite for full implementation. The words are not spoken more beautifully. Can you expect everyone to turn around gorgeously?
Wang Mang's first reform was to cut the land and slaves. He announced the restoration of the "well-field system" of weeks dynasty, land was nationalized, land was not allowed to be traded freely, and slaves were not allowed to be traded freely, and all slaves were not allowed to be traded freely.
does it look tall and over? Land is owned by the state, the world is the public, slaves are free, people are the foundation , this is simply a socialist civilization that only emerged nearly 2,000 years later! Many people joke that Wang Mang is a time traveler, and this is the most important proof material.
However, let’s think about it carefully, what are the problems with Wang Mang’s reform? The content of looks very high-end, no problem! The problem lies in his ignorance of his era and the national system. was a feudal era with underdeveloped productivity. Is the state-owned land actually owned by you, Wang Mang alone? Slave freedom. Have you ever thought about the problem that free slaves cannot survive independently because they lack means of production and productivity? (This has been mentioned when introducing the wealthy families)
content and form are not matched, so this reform is destined to be an inconsistent "four-dislikes". Moutai liquor is put into the bottle of Erguotou . You insist on people all over the world admitting that this is Moutai. Isn’t this a bit embarrassing?
The class that is most difficult to accept Wang Mang's sword is Wang Mang's past hard-core comrades-in-arms family. The rich families were very angry. In the past, Wang Mang looked like a humble gentleman, and he was always kind to everyone with. Only by adhering to the principle of making money with kindness, we wholeheartedly supported you. I didn’t expect that as soon as you came on stage, you made this happen. Who would you disgust? Land is state-owned and slaves are free. So are we still rich families?
After this knife continued, Wang Mang and the wealthy family had a decades of class relationship completely cut off.
Of course, Wang Mang did this, on the one hand really wanted to pay for his ideals and feelings, and on the other hand, he also had his own selfish intentions. Because he "run for election" throughout the journey and finally became emperor, no one has as much energy as he and the rich people who support him behind him. If a person relies on something other than himself to achieve success, the more he depends on what he will rely on before success, the more he will be more afraid of what he will be after success. Wang Mang was afraid that the wealthy family could both achieve themselves and overthrow themselves, so he wanted to weaken the wealthy family.
Another important reason why Wang Mang restored the ancient system is that Confucian children have already helped him create a public opinion trend of "being strong in the past and despising the present". This society is very fucked now, and the people are not living a happy life. So what kind of society can allow the people to live a happy and beautiful life? The sages said in the classics that they had to go back to the way Zhou Dynasty is, everyone has food and clothes, everyone has freedom, equality, harmony and friendship...
So, Wang Mang quickly realistically wrote these beautiful pictures. This is not only in line with the fundamental interests of the vast majority of the people, but also can attack potential dangerous elements and families. Why not do it?
But in fact, he didn't know whether the things he announced really existed in the Zhou Dynasty? Is it compatible with the current era and society? No matter how many years you have, let’s do it first. is under the guise of ideals and feelings, and it is not an exaggeration to do anything.
First, let’s talk about the “well-field system” restored by Wang Mang. The “well-field system” is indeed recorded in ancient books. , but it is unknown whether it was actually implemented in the Zhou Dynasty and how effective it was. is missing because a lot of historical data has been missing, or has been severely processed and tampered with by later generations.
However, we can judge whether the "well-field system" is a good thing through rational inference?
The state-owned land in Zhou Dynasty was actually a bit of a sheep selling dog meat, and it was the ownership of the monarch. The land in the world is nominally owned by Zhou Emperor , but the Zhou Emperor and his central government did not have the ability to manage such a large area of land, so they divided the land into many pieces and enfeoffed to the princes. With the same logic, the princes distribute the land to the doctors, and the doctors let the farmers farm. In addition to planting their own land, farmers also need to give the country a variety of land. This land is public land, and the output is completely owned by Fengjun .
Later, gradually appeared in "Mencius" and "The Book of Zhou", the concept of "well field system" was gradually revealed. The general meaning was: divides the land into square blocks of nine hundred acres in size, and draws two paths from the middle horizontally and vertically, and divides the land into the shape of "well" and turns into nine fields of equal size. The eight pieces around are distributed to eight families, and the middle is public land, and the harvest of public land belongs to Fengjun.
Does "Yitian system" sound beautiful? Each family planted 100 acres of land, and then eight families planted 100 acres of land for the public for free, and that was done. Hello, I, hello, he and he.
But think about it carefully, is this reliable? First of all, where did you find so many square 900 acres of land? Secondly, is it reasonable to allocate by household? Some families have a small population and cannot plant 100 acres of land, and some families have a prosperous population, and 100 acres of land is not enough to plant. Then, this generation has finished planting, the next generation has grown up, and new accounts have appeared. How to allocate existing land? Finally, from the perspective of human nature, should those farmers be more attentive to their own land or to the public in the process of farming? When encountering drought or floods, should they take care of their own land or their public land first? The three monks had no water to drink. Eight families planted a piece of public field together. Can they grow it well?
Regardless of whether the "well-field system" has actually existed, it is certain that Wang Mang promoted the "well-field system" by randomly slapping his head and did not delve into its feasibility. He only knew that what the sages said in the classics of the world will not be wrong. If they are wrong, he would not be so legendary.
Although Wang Mang likes to pretend to be a saint, he is actually not a saint at all. Every move and every move contains his own purpose. He promotes the "well-field system" and prohibits human trafficking, just to solve the problem of powerful people from the source in one step. There is no land or people, it depends on how powerful people are.
It can be said that Wang Mang's wishes and ideas are good or correct, but the method is wrong. It is too simple and crude. After hundreds of years of precipitation and evolution, just by your empty paper, do you want to completely kill others? If he had become an emperor so easily, Emperor Ai of Han would have been able to successfully take down your Wang family.
shows that Wang Mang is actually an idealist with a high eye and low skills. thinks beautifully, but does not do it well!
You say that if you take off someone’s job, you can take off someone’s job? If someone is anxious and turns against you, what will you use to punish others?
We are all adults, and we cannot take things for granted. Even if we don’t like some things, we must objectively think about the rationality behind them. We cannot destroy them with just one disagreement. Land annexation is the foundation of the wealthy families challenging the court, and it has always existed. Don’t other emperors want to take them off? But why have the wealthy clans been standing still? If you don’t understand these problems, you will be illusory “well-field system” and abolition movement. Didn’t you force the rich to break up with you? If someone helps you to the top, not only does he not get any benefits, but he also feels like he has a ungrateful wolf. It would be strange if he doesn’t overthrow you!
Wang Mang has another key issue that he has not thought clearly. This issue is actually very inappropriate, that is, he has no idea what his core dependence on ascending power and governing the country in the future. Logically, he should know that those Confucian scholars could only help him shake the flag and shout, and the wealthy families could really push him forward. So, he shouldn't have moved the rich at all, at least he shouldn't have been so anxious, so obvious, and so fierce.
In fact, not only Confucian scholars once regarded Wang Mang as their class representative, but also regarded him as their class representative, because the Wang family was the largest wealthy family at that time. They supported Wang Mang at the beginning because Wang Mang did not make any trouble and even gave everyone benefits and was granted marquis and officials every few days, which made everyone happy. Therefore, Wang Mang is asked to endorse the rich. However, after Wang Mang came to power, the wealthy family found that the spokesperson he invited was going to destroy their platform. The anger in his heart can be imagined.
Some people can fool them, such as those Confucian scholars who are good at talking and slandering. At best, they make some negative remarks and incite some people who are both worldly fall into the world. What else can they do? Do they dare to rebel? Do they have this ability? A scholar rebelled and could not succeed in ten years. Have you heard of it?
But some people must not fool them. For example, these wealthy families with land, people, rich, powerful, and guns will be anxious when they find out that you fool them, especially if they find that you violate their bottom line, they will fight you without hesitation.
In addition, let me introduce why Wang Mang has such a big contrast in attitudes towards the rich before and after becoming emperor? He was once a marquis and an official, but now he immediately asked everyone to get out of here? is mainly because he used to be generous to others. Those marquis and official positions belonged to the Old Liu family. He gave gifts from the Old Liu family and earned favors to the Old Wang family. Why not do it? When he becomes emperor, all these will become his Wang family, so he wants to take them back! So, human nature is too particular. Liu Bang's 's generosity and Xiang Yu's stinginess are actually not the same reasons behind it!
Why is it not feasible to nationalize Wangmang’s land? After all, it is because the power of human selfishness is infinite. completely crushed " private ". Today, it can only be used as a direction of struggle, not as a goal in one step. It can be imagined that Wang Mang suddenly came out, what was the final result? Either the east wind overwhelms the west wind, or the west wind suppresses the east wind. Can you still expect the rich family to spit out the flesh that reaches your mouth?
Some friends will say, after such an explanation, everyone probably understands that Wang Mang is making a fool of himself. So, what about the abolition movement? This is a great thing that shines the glory of human nature!
things are indeed a good thing, but the previous sentence is still the one before. Wang Mang took it for granted, and the actual situation does not allow it!
The theoretical banner Wang Mang found for the abolition movement was "The nature of heaven and earth is precious", This looks right, it is indeed beautiful. Everyone is born to parents. Why can some people get something for nothing, and some people become slaves and maids? Isn’t it nice to be harmonious and on an equal footing? Isn’t this more in line with the requirements of etiquette and morality?
But in fact, there is no absolute state of good elements such as morality, etiquette, equality, freedom and kindness. These things must be regarded as a dynamic practice, and cannot be regarded as a rigid standard.
Taking kindness as an example, there is a poor relative who borrows money from you. From the perspective of kindness, should you borrow it? But is it true and kindness that you borrowed? uncertain! What if he uses your money to do bad things? So what will people who regard kindness as a kind of practice do? He will evaluate whether it is good for the person to borrow or not to borrow (not to evaluate whether it is good for himself).
is also blindly kind, friendly, etc., and is often used by people with ulterior motives.
So do you understand? We talk about morality, kindness, etiquette and freedom in fact, there are boundaries and require specific analysis of specific situations, and cannot blindly spread out in full dimensions and unlimited.
Any absolute thing is often not a good thing. As for kindness, a person with kindness and kindness is much more valuable than doing good deeds indiscriminately.
Wang Mang's "abolition movement" seems to be a great thing that is very popular, but it is actually a matter of being unethical and smoking. is the same as he forced his son to death because of a slave.
Why did he force his son to death to be deeply loved by the people? Because he forced his son to death to death was his own son . If someone else's son did such a thing, would he force him to death? No, because that's arousing hatred. But isn’t it advocated that everyone is equal? If you force your son to death, you should force someone else’s son to death! Besides, are these two things essentially the same when you force your son to death and your son to death? Your son pays for his actions with death. Should you die too?
Therefore, Many so-called good deeds in history cannot stand scrutiny, and it is terrible to think carefully.
Let me give you an example to explain how unethical Wang Mang was to force his son to death. For example, what will he do if something similar happens to someone else next time? If you, Wang Mang, demonstrated in the first place. If he does not force his son to death, he will be criticized by morality and public opinion. If he learns from you, Wang Mang, he will suffer for the rest of his life, especially if others may have just one son. How can you let others do that?
So, many things do not have an absolute state. Wang Mang's "abolition movement" is actually a radical, absolute and over-willed wishful thinking, and it is not feasible at all. The main reasons for are as follows:
- Those rich people will feel very unhappy, Why are you Wang Mang's slaves giving favors to us? My family’s efforts were not bought by money? Did my family’s money come from the strong wind?
- Those slaves who were rescued may not necessarily receive his affection. People may think that life as slaves and maids is much better than their previous life, but in the end, you, Wang Dahao, want to pull them out of the sea of suffering indiscriminately? You are just trapped in the sea of suffering, your whole family is trapped in the sea of suffering! As far as you go, go as far as you go. If any friend doesn't believe it, you can go to KTV to persuade those drinkers to find a serious job.
- You can save those slaves with self-righteousness, But you can’t just kill or bury! How do you place these slaves who are free from the "sea of suffering"? Where to live? What to eat? What to wear? Is there anyone discriminating against them or bullying them? Are there any job arrangements that will allow them to settle down?
- Before you want to abolition slaves, do you have to think clearly about why these slaves would rather sell themselves? They may be beaten and scolded by the master, or teased by the young master, but they still have no regrets. What is the reason? Isn't it because the world outside is not peaceful, and although I am a little angry at the wealthy family, I have a lot more comfortable life than facing the intrigue outside alone. In the family of a wealthy family, they have food, drink and housing, and they have good work and get bonuses. They can still get promoted. Isn’t it delicious?
Wang Mang thought that all slaves lived in dire straits and trying to rescue the slaves was actually a matter of being unethical and smoking. Because the actual social situation at that time did not allow these slaves to pursue freedom at all, the government's various exploitation, various names of corvee labor, and frequent natural disasters and man-made disasters. The key is that almost all the land was annexed by wealthy families. Do you rescue the slaves? Aren't you fishing out the slaves collectively and killing them?
There are many people like Wang Mang in real life. Let me give you an example. For example, some self-employed people who don’t have to worry about food and clothing and have a wealthy family always like to persuade people around you to quit their jobs and start a business, and feed them all kinds of spiritual chicken soup, regardless of their personal abilities, family conditions, financial conditions, and industry situation... Do you think such people seem to have good intentions on the surface, but they are actually unethical? Because it is very likely that he will push a family into a bottomless abyss!
We must do good deeds and be good people, which is true, but we must respect objective conditions and cannot take it wishfully. You should not make choices and decisions for others from your own perspective without authorization. is a simple truth. If all the slaves really live in dire straits, wouldn’t they yell like Chen Sheng Wu Guang , “Is there any kind of kings, princes, generals and ministers?” and then rise up?
The final result of Wang Mang's self-righteous "abolitionist movement" was: Hungry people and thieves began to spread everywhere, and starved and frozen proletarian corpses were everywhere.
When we arrived here, do you still think Wang Mang’s abolition movement is a great thing?
Next we will talk about some reflection and summary issues. In fact, when we do anything, we must pay attention to conditions and environment. Especially before doing a big thing, must seriously think about whether the corresponding hardware and software conditions are met. Don’t be excited and have a flash of inspiration, and feel that you have thought of a golden idea that others have not thought of, and rush forward excitedly.
, especially those who are already in leadership positions or have huge influence, please be very cautious. Because the greater the energy of a person, the greater the responsibility behind it. A good teacher can achieve countless children and countless families; a good leader can achieve countless dreams and countless employees; a good role model can light up countless lives and countless roads, and vice versa.
If we can determine the interests and future of countless people in our every move like Wang Mang, must get rid of the simple concept of good and evil, calm down the kindness and kindness, keep in mind, and think more from the perspective of stability of order, long-term development and comprehensive costs.
If you are in formal good and evil, you run a company and it is very likely that you will suffer hundreds of other employees to help an employee; if you are in charge of the party, you may be soft-hearted, resulting in frequent situations and chaos in people's livelihood.
In short, the use of power must be very cautious, and the transmission of kindness must be just right.
From the perspective of a manager who takes overall charge of the whole situation, the most fundamental point is to be responsible to more people below so that most of them can live a better life. This is the greatest kindness. Don’t ignore the actual situation and deliberately do some so-called good deeds in order to achieve your good reputation.
Further said that small goodness belongs to the category of "private morality" and great goodness belongs to the category of "public morality". Private morality must not be forcibly promoted throughout the society. Because it will cause great damage to the existing social order.
If you still can’t figure out the truth behind this, please let everyone remember the words “great order” and “big cost” first. Before doing something, think about whether it will destroy the existing order? Will it cause a huge loss of cost? Do not act rashly before you see the essence of things and sort out the complex logic behind them. There are many things in
, which we all think are unreasonable, but why do they exist for hundreds of thousands of years? And it's still banned! For example, the brothel industry in ancient China was banned in many dynasties because it was disrespectful to women. But has it been banned? Why?
is really not that the ancients did not have the awareness of respecting women, but that this is something that cannot be done before the conditions are ripe. For example, some rich, powerful, time-energy playboys, if you don’t let the brothels consume excess time, energy and money, he will transfer these things to other aspects, which will be more destructive; for example, some miserable women who can’t survive can still survive after entering brothels, and the whole family will starve to death if they don’t have the brothels; for example, some people with disharmonious family life, if they don’t want brothels to consume the hostility in their hearts, he will spread the hostility to more innocent people in society...
Cancel brothels have to wait until the entire society’s economic hardware and people’s moral, cultural and other software have all the software to implement it? If it was launched in full with a command like the Wang Mang abolition movement, it would most likely cause the entire society to fall into chaos in an instant.
Sometimes, Time is our best friend. We must learn to hand over the most important adjustment function to the old man of time. Don’t race against the old man of time at any time.
Some friends are going to argue again. So by this, let’s just let some unreasonable things go? Friends like
are a bit extreme, just telling everyone not to rush to achieve success, rather than asking everyone to do nothing. Didn’t we talk about the concepts of private morality and public morality before? Isn’t it great if we do the private moral part first? Going further, restrain the people around us to manage our private morality well. For example, if we don’t like smoking and drinking, we can completely restrain ourselves from smoking and drinking, and we can also advise relatives and friends not to smoke and drink. Even after you repeatedly make a move, your son will smoke and drink. If you are angry, you will beat him up. Isn’t this all good deeds?
But, you can’t beat your father up just because he smokes and drinks, right? Can't you beat someone who has nothing to do with you just because you smoke and drink? You can't rush up and pinch the fire when you see someone smoking, or rush up and smash the cup when you see someone drinking, or just scold them when you see someone smoking?
The truth is actually very simple. When a thing is still in the "private morality" stage, it cannot be vigorously and quickly popularized. It’s not that anyone has a sense of justice, whoever does everything is good or good. True kindness is to recognize the status quo, respect human nature, and slowly improve some things!
