Yuan Dynasty is the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in Chinese history . From the founding of the country in 1271, Kublai Khan officially founded the country based on the meaning of "Da Zai Qianyuan" in the "Book of Changes", to the fact that Yuan Shundi was kicked out of Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), retreated to the north of the desert, and survived with remnants of power. It was called " Northern Yuan " in history. There were 11 emperors in total, and only existed for 98 years. The powerful Yuan Dynasty was not only a short-lived dynasty, but also a very strange one. In addition to the first emperor, Yuan Shizu, who was in power for 24 years and the last emperor, Yuan Shun, who was in power for 36 years, a total of 9 emperors were replaced in the past 38 years, which also set the best in history.
Yuan Dynasty 11 Emperors
. The generation of descendants is worse than the previous generation. The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan died like a meteor
Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan died in 1294 AD, Kublai Khan's legitimate grandson, the third son of the crown prince Zhenjin (before he died in Shizu Yuan), Tiemur (1265-1307 AD), succeeded to the throne. It is known in history as Yuan Chengzong . He reigned for 13 years and died at the age of 42. He is called the king who is good at maintaining success. Yuan Wuzong Haishan (1281-1311 AD) ascended the throne in 1307 and reigned for four years. The grandson of the prince of the Yuan Shizu, his father, Mabala, was the nephew of Tiemur, the Emperor Chengzong of Yuan. Haishan achieved the throne with military strength. His greatest achievement was to strengthen centralization after ascending the throne and died in 1311 AD at the age of 31.
Yuan Dynasty throne inheritance
Yuan Renzong Aiyu Libalibada (1285-1320 AD) was one of the most accomplished emperors of the Yuan Dynasty. He was the younger brother of Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, ascended the throne in 1311 and reigned for 10 years. During his reign, he used the Confucianism as a ruling tool, and eliminated the bad policies of Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, and restored the imperial examination and selected talents. He died in 1320 AD at the age of 36. The subsequent six emperors, including Yuan Yingzong , Yuan Taiding Emperor, Yuan Tianshun Emperor, Yuan Wenzong , Yuan Mingzong, and Yuan Ningzong , basically did nothing, either short-lived or incompetent, and did not leave any achievements that could be recorded in history, but caused the Yuan Dynasty to decline rapidly. By the time Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty was reigned, the Yuan Dynasty had already been difficult to return. In addition, he was addicted to the sensuality and sex all day long, which was rare in the world, resulting in a large-scale peasant uprising, and was eventually destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu.
2. It is still acceptable to maintain success. For the sake of the beauty of a foreign race, Yuan Chengzong
Yuan Chengzong Tiemur (1265-1307 AD) ascended the throne in 1294 AD. He reigned for 13 years and was called the king who was "good at maintaining success" by later generations. During his reign, he stopped foreign wars, stopped Japanese and Annan , and focused on rectifying domestic military and political affairs. Measures such as restricting the power of the kings, reducing and exempting some taxes, and enacting new laws and regulations to temporarily ease social conflicts. At the same time, he sent troops to defeat the rebel kings of the northwest, such as Haidu, Duwa and Chabaer, and brought in, which improved the long-term turmoil in the northwest. While handling the internal affairs well, under the instigation of princes and ministers, in 1300 AD, the Yuan Chengzong sent a large Mongolian army to expedition the border of southern Yunnan, attempting to attack the "Eight Hundred Wife Country", but returned home in a defeat. At that time, not far from Yunnan, there was a small country called "Eight Hundred Daughter-in-law Country", and each king had eight hundred beauties as his wife. They believed that Emperor Yuan never had eight hundred concubines, but that little king of land had more beauties around him than Emperor Yuan, which obviously offended Emperor Yuan's majesty. In fact, the Mongolian nobles have their own selfish intentions. It is said that in the "Eight Hundred Daughter-in-law Country", there are countless beauties. They are all as beautiful as immortals. Each of them can dance the most beautiful dance and have amazing charm. These legends make the Mongolian nobles imaginative, and everyone wants to get the beauties from that mysterious country.
"Eight Hundred Wife Country" Beauty
At this time, a memorial from Liu Shen, the left prime minister of Yunnan Province in Mongolia, passed all over the capital, saying: "The Emperor of Heavenly Ancestor unified the country with his magical martial arts, and his achievements have exceeded all ages. Today, the emperor has not yet used his martial arts to show his might to the world.Today, there is an eight hundred daughter-in-law country in the southwest Yi . He did not "respect the Zhengshuo" from the Yuan Dynasty and asked to go to the attack. "In December 1300 AD, Prime Minister Wanze appointed Liu Shen, Halatai, Zheng You and other generals to lead about 20,000 soldiers from four southwest provinces to make an expedition. Yue Hunan's right chieftain Yue Hunan was responsible for supplying military supplies. The Yunnan chieftain Song Longji took the opportunity to instigate the people to riot, which made the war very unhappy from the beginning. However, in order to express his loyalty to Emperor Yuan, Liu Shen decided to take a risk to march. More than 20,000 Yuan troops went deep into the barren land in the south, and biogas was growing everywhere, mosquitoes were everywhere. The Yuan Dynasty soldiers who were accustomed to the arid climate in the north were unable to adapt to the environment here. Soon In the large number of infected malaria , it spread rapidly. Before fighting with the main force of the "Eight Hundred Wife Country", the Yuan army had already "seven or eight soldiers died"; the civilians responsible for the transportation of food and supplies also "the dead were hundreds of thousands" in the tropical jungle of southwest .
not only that, Liu Shen ordered the wife of the Shuixi Tusi to hand over three thousand horses at the Snake Festival. Three thousand taels of silver helped the army, but Snake Jie did not want to pay the money, so he joined forces with another chieftain Song Longji to raise an army to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, and attacked the rear and flanks of the Mongolian Yuan army. They took advantage of their familiarity with the local terrain to trap the Mongolian Yuan army in the canyon and shoot with fire arrows. The Yuan army was defeated. At this time, several other Tuman tribes jointly opposed the Yuan Dynasty. With the familiar terrain, they captured the Yuan army's stronghold Yanghuangzhai, and then attacked Guizhou, killed the magistrate of Guizhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and once again surrounded the Yuan army led by Liu Shen between the deep mountains and valleys.
"A Dream of Yellow Flora" exotic beauty
In February 1302, Yuan Chengzong was angry that Liu Shen failed in the battle and ordered him to be beheaded. The dream of the Mongolian nobles "eight hundred daughters-in-law" was shattered. At this time, the Mongolian nobles were pampered and had no longer had the style and combat effectiveness of the Mongolian cavalry that was galloping on the battlefield.
. Diligent in the government affairs, restore the imperial examination system, and start the Yuan Renzong who governed the country by Confucian scholars.
Yuan Renzong Borjijin Aiyulibada (1285-1320 AD), the fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, the younger brother of Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, named him the crown prince, and made an appointment with his brother to the end of his brother and uncle and nephew. During his reign, he reduced redundant staff, rectified the government affairs, restored the imperial examination system, implemented the policy of "governing the country with Confucianism" and revived the Yuan Dynasty. After his death, he did not pass the throne to Wuzong's son and Shiguan, but passed the throne to his son Yuan Yingzong Shuodebala.
Yuan Renzong
After his death, the emperors with the temple name " Renzong " were generally good emperors who were kind-hearted, loyal, filial, and righteous, and cared about the suffering of the people. There were only four emperors in Chinese history, and Yuan Renzong was one of them (also Song Renzong Zhao Zhen , Ming Renzong Zhu Gaochi, and Qing Renzong Yongyan). Yuan Renzong was self-disciplined and frugal. He did not like to be a militaristic and concentrating on governing the country. His only "bad hobby" was to be drunk as he lived, which directly led to his death at the age of 36 and reigned for only 9 years.
ht Since the imperial examinations of the Sui Dynasty, it has always been the ancient state regime used the examinations to select capable officials and ministers. It was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1905 that Empress Dowager Cixi abolished the imperial examinations of the imperial examinations, which lasted for more than 1,300 years, and selected a large number of famous officials and scholars for the past dynasties. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty summarized the lessons of the defeat of the previous dynasty and believed that the imperial examinations were a major disadvantage, so they abandoned them. The selection of officials was mostly based on their origins. In 1313, Yuan Renzong issued an edict to officially resume the opening of the imperial examinations and recruited scholars, and at the same time it clarified that the content of the examinations was "Four Books" and "H Five Classics "; and compiled the "Superior Confucian Zhu Xi, a great scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Four Books and Five Classics Collections" is the standard answer to the imperial examination. Yuan Renzong's edict records: Juren should take moral behavior first, and his skills should be the first, and his words should be followed by the imperial examination. The glitz and reality are too realistic, and I will not take it.
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4 AD. In August 1314 AD, the provincial examination was held nationwide; in February 1315 AD, 300 people who passed the provincial examination held an imperial examination in the capital city; in March, 100 candidates held a palace examination (ceremonial examination) at the imperial palace in the capital city, and finally admitted 56 people including Hududaer, Zhang Qiyan , as Jinshi.This time, the imperial examination system of imitating the Tang and Song dynasties was restored, and Zhu Xi's studies were respected, and it was known in history as "Yanyou Recovering the Secretariat". At this time, 36 years after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty and 81 years after the demise of the Jin Kingdom, the Han scholars had a normal way to become officials again, temporarily eased ethnic conflicts, and also started the model of Confucian scholars in governing the country, guiding society to gradually return to the right path, which had a huge impact on future generations.
4. Indulged in the art of practicing the art of both men and women in the room, the emperor who was extremely debauchery, the emperor who lost his country was extremely angry and resentful, the emperor of the country was Emperor Yuan Shun
The last emperor of Yuan Dynasty Yuan Shun · Toyn Temur ( Mongolian means "iron pot". From 1320 to 1370, because he was the king of the Yuan Dynasty who lost his country, later generations believed that the main responsibility lies with him. If something happens now, someone needs to bear the responsibility. This is the source of it). In June 1333, it was located on on , the eleventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Emperor Shun of Yuan was only thirteen years old when he ascended the throne. Faced with the complex dynasty, he began to hide his strength and gradually got rid of the autocracy of the Empress Dowager Budasili , the powerful ministers of the previous dynasty, Boyan and others, opened horse bans, reduced salt quotas, and restored the imperial examination system. All measures were beneficial to the country and the people, and they had a great hope of revival. But as time went by, he gradually became an emperor who was obsessed with entertainment and mentality all day long, and eventually lost the Central Plains.
Yuan Shundi
His debauchery and lewd skills are simply difficult to describe. This is recorded in history, otherwise the country would not have been destroyed. He was the only emperor in Chinese history to teach his son sexology. As the king of a country, Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty lost power, which made the rioters and traitors dominate. He focused on studying the art of men and women in the room, and handed over all the important affairs of the court to the crown prince. His favored treacherous minister Hama knew that Emperor Shun of Yuan liked lust, so he specially collected a strange man to teach him lustful skills, and men and women were naked in the harem to have sex. Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty had a group sex with ten favorite ministers in the palace all day long. The process of sexual activities was unheard of and difficult to say. Everyone was naked, wearing a high yellow hat on his head, and the word "Buddha" made of gold was decorated with rosary beads in his hands, and he lined up in the hall with bare butts while chanting spells. Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty was addicted to it and enjoyed it. Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty was not only very interested in playing, but Emperor Shun said, "The prince was in trouble and did not know the secret Buddhist teachings. This secret play can prolong his life." So he asked Tulu Timuer to teach the prince to learn from the same thing. Soon, the prince was also confused and drowning in the evil way.
Yuan Shundi's lewd and strange skills
" Tianren Sensing ", Yuan Shundi's rebellious actions, maybe it was God who brought disasters to warn him, natural disaster gave the Yuan Dynasty a heavy blow. In the late period of Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty, floods, droughts and earthquakes occurred frequently, production was destroyed, and countless hungry people were killed. Under heavy taxes, it was difficult for the people to make a living. They were displaced in large numbers, sold their wives and children, and even experienced the tragic situation of "eating with each other". In addition to issuing a " guilty edict ", Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty had no specific measures to resist natural disasters for years. The people of the world suffered tragically and the entire social economy was on the verge of collapse. What followed was naturally the surging peasant uprising. Emperor Shun of Yuan and his princes and ministers did not see the danger of peasant uprisings, and they were still drunk and dreaming of death. Finally, after destroying and integrating the uprising teams such as Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng, and Zhang Shicheng, he officially established the Ming Dynasty and ordered his generals under him to launch a Northern Expedition in 1367 AD. Under Xu Da's command, the Ming army was unstoppable and fought all the way outside the Yuan capital (now Tongzhou, Beijing).
Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising
Yuan Shun Emperor received the war report and summoned the ministers in Duanming Palace . Amid the crying and persuasion, he made the decision to "never repeat the mistakes of the two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty , Huiqin", and planned to flee without fighting. That night, Emperor Shun of Yuan left Temurbuhua as the "regulatory country", and he took the empress, concubines, the crown prince and most of the court officials to the Jiande Gate. He took advantage of the night to pass Juyong Pass and headed straight for Shangdu Kaiping on the vast grassland in the north. The Yuan Dynasty's rule in the Central Plains ended.
Yuan Emperor Shun escaped back to the north of Mo
The rapid collapse of the powerful Mongolian Yuan Dynasty ( Qin Dynasty only existed for 15 years) once again proves a truth that simple conquest of force is crucial to the establishment of a dynasty, but what is more needed to govern the country and ensure national security is wisdom, and finding the correct way of rule is the most important thing.
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