1936, the Red Army arrived in northwestern Guizhou in February 2019, successfully conquered Bijie . According to the policy, after , the Red Army entered the city, they began to fight against local tyrants and share the wealth. When he came to the landlord Zhou Suyuan 's house, Zhou Suyuan did not show any panic, which surprised the Red Army instructor.
What surprised the instructor even more was that on Zhou Suyuan's bookshelf, he found many books about Marxism-Leninism . If you open a book, you can find that there are many outlines on the book. It can be seen that Zhou Suyuan has read it many times. When convening a mass meeting, everyone reported that Zhou Suyuan was a good person, was upright and never oppressed the people.
With these situations and the books retrieved from Zhou Suyuan's house, the instructor reported to the political commissar Wang Zhen. Wang Zhen was also a little curious about such a "landlord who studied Marxism-Leninism" and decided to meet Mr. Zhou in person...
"Even if he didn't go to war, I would carry him to the Long March."
Zhou Suyuan was born in a scholarly family in the late Qing Dynasty. He received education since childhood to "study and be an official, and make a name for himself." Therefore, when he was 16 years old, he passed the exam for scholar. happened to be the year that " Treaty of Shimonoseki " was signed. The huge changes in the current situation made Zhou Suyuan feel that what he learned was already difficult to deal with.
Therefore, Zhou Suyuan began to search for books, newspapers and magazines with various new ideas, and gradually came up with the idea of going to study in Japan.
Although Zhou Suyuan's home was a little thin field at that time, he still needed Zhou Suyuan to teach to subsidize his family income. It was naturally a bit difficult to go abroad at his own expense. After his father passed away, Zhou Suyuan took a job in the government and advised Lin Shaonian, who had just been transferred to Guizhou, to focus on sending students abroad.
pic丨Zhou Suyuan
Lin Shaonian happily accepted this suggestion, suspended the "university hall" in Guizhou, and asked each administrative region to raise funds and dispatch a student in Japan. For a time, Guizhou Province was shocked, and Zhou Suyuan also quit her job and focused on preparing for the exam.
At the same time, Guizhou Railway Mining Corporation was established, and Zhou Suyuan was recommended to hire as the company's general copywriting. General Manager Li Ziyuan valued him very much and could have been allowed to be allowed to stay in Japan, but Li Ziyuan insisted on keeping him by his side.
Zhou Suyuan was persuaded by two managers and sacrificed his wish to study abroad and never mentioned this matter again. After the suspension of the mine company, Zhou Suyuan deliberately operated for two years and created Guizhou's first daily newspaper, Guizhou. Although he did not make a penny, he still hoped to improve the level of social knowledge. As a result, many gentlemen did not buy it once after reading it, but many young students said they "see the light in the darkness."
As newspaper sales grow higher and higher, Zhou Suyuan's status in society is also increasing day by day.
Through a friend's introduction, Zhou Suyuan met the progressive young man Zhang Bailin. When the two met for the first time, Zhang Bailin told Zhou Suyuan that newspapers can only be considered part of a political party, and that great power can only occur with political parties. At that time, Zhou Suyuan felt that Zhang Bailin's ideal was unrealistic, after all, it was already very difficult for him to run a newspaper.
pic丨The Qian Daily founded by Zhou Suyuan
, but Zhang Bailin said that he had contacted people well, and as long as there were people, he would not worry about financial resources, and invited Zhou Suyuan and him to act separately and help each other. After Zhang Bailin's continuous efforts, four months after the publication of the Guizhou Daily, the "Automatic Society" was established. After more than a year of preparation and promotion, the members of the society have reached astonishing numbers.
Although Zhou Suyuan was a little reluctant, he had already embarked on the ideal path of Zhang Bailin.
After the Xinhai Revolution began, Zhang Bailin began to plan and organize new armed forces, overthrow the old rule, and establish a new government. As a result, Tang Jiyao's entered Guizhou and stole the fruits of victory. Zhou Suyuan was forced to go into exile everywhere.
After ten years of exile, Zhou Suyuan was invited to return to Guizhou and serve as Secretary-General of the Provincial Government. Although Zhou Suyuan is already unfamiliar with all sectors of Guizhou's military and political circles, it is difficult to refuse.When returning to Guizhou, what caught Zhou Suyuan's eyes was full of desolation, bandits were rampant, and basil looked as tall as a human.
"This is the 'achievement' left over from the local tyrant regime." Zhou Suyuan thought to himself.
At that time, the Guizhou Provincial Government was constantly fighting, and Zhou Suyuan was trapped in it, watching Guizhou be dragged into the warlords again. In a fit of anger, Zhou Suyuan decided to resign and return to her hometown, Bijie, and study behind closed doors, and then withdrew from the political whirlpool.
Unintentionally, Zhou Suyuan came into contact with Marxism-Leninism. After careful study of several original Marxism-Leninist works, Zhou Suyuan had a preliminary understanding of the Communist Party and the Red Army. This is also the reason why he was calm when the Red Army confiscated his family's belongings.
pictures丨The Red Army’s fight against local tyrants (stills)
After Wang Zhen learned about Zhou Suyuan’s situation, he specifically asked him whether he would agree with the anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang? Zhou Suyuan replied without hesitation. Wang Zhen was very happy and ordered the confiscated property to be returned. He also often went to his home for a long talk to publicize the Communist Party's policies and the necessity of going north to fight against Japan.
During the process of the Red Army advancing into Bijie, Wang Zhen was supported by the underground party in Guizhou. Based on the local revolutionary forces, he decided to form the Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Army and asked Zhou Suyuan to serve as the commander of the National Salvation Army. Zhou Suyuan happily agreed and hung a sign of the Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Army at his doorstep.
For a moment, the anti-Chiang and anti-Japanese teams scattered in the mountains and forests came back one after another. In a very short time, Zhou Suyuan organized a team of more than a thousand people. In addition, Zhou Suyuan also organized an anti-Japanese and national salvation meeting to unite the masses and enlightened people to fight against Japan.
Ren Bishi, He Long and others knew that Zhou Suyuan had connections with local powerful groups in Yunnan, so they asked him to write a letter to Long Yun, Sun Du and others to promote the Communist Party’s political propositions and persuade them not to oppose the Red Army. Long Yun, Sun Du and others held their troops after receiving the letter, allowing the Red Army to concentrate on dealing with other enemies and get rest in Bijie.
More than twenty days later, the Red Army is about to evacuate Bijie and continue the Long March. He Long specially convened the leader of the army to hold a meeting to study how to resettle Zhou Suyuan. Considering that Zhou Suyuan is old and in poor health, Xiao Ke suggested giving him some gold, silver dollars, as resettlement fees and going to Hong Kong or Kunming to be an apartment.
Picture丨He Long in the Long March (first right)
Wang Zhen conveyed the proposal of the army leader to Zhou Suyuan. Zhou Suyuan was very excited after hearing this. He did not expect that the army leader would still consider himself: " I am almost 60 years old this year, and I have never found light before. Joining the Red Army is the most glorious moment in my life, and I will die in the Red Army even if I die. I don't want to leave the Red Army. "
"Okay! I have backbone, I admire it, I agree with such people." After He Long learned about Zhou Suyuan's attitude, he stated on the spot: " is to take 18 people not to fight, and to take care of him specifically. I also want to carry him on the Long March. We will share the same hardships and life and death! "
"I will die in the Red Army even if I die."
1 March 10, 1936, Zhou Suyuan embarked on the Long March with Red Sixth Legion . At that time, the mountainous areas of Guizhou were cold and food was not available in many places. The Red Army soldiers endured hunger and froze, climbed over mountains, and at the same time had to deal with the enemy's encirclement and interception.
Ren Bishi had a serious lung disease at that time and it was difficult for him to ride a horse, but he was unwilling to sit on a stretcher, for fear of affecting the physical strength of the stretcher-carrying warrior. He Long's feet were frozen and he was bleeding profusely. Every step he took was so painful that his body trembled, but he also refused to ride a horse, nor did he sit on a stretcher, and insisted on giving it to the injured and sick.
In such a shortage of supplies, leaders such as He Long, Ren Bishi would rather not eat or wear food and clothing themselves, and to ensure Zhou Suyuan's needs, almost always carry Zhou Suyuan away.In this way, he traveled in Wumengshan for more than a month. Seeing that the enemy's encirclement was getting smaller and smaller, He Long, Ren Bishi and others thought of Zhou Suyuan's safety again:
"Comrade Wang Zhen, please go and persuade Mr. Zhou, and bring him enough travel expenses and living expenses. Please invite him to stay in Hong Kong for a while. When our situation is better, if he is willing to come back, we still welcome him to the Red Army."
pic 丨In his later years, Zhou Suyuan
Wang Zhen was ordered to find Zhou Suyuan again and persuade him to leave the current dangerous situation. But Zhou Suyuan refused and once again expressed his determination to "die in the Red Army even if he dies."
After that, Zhou Suyuan sometimes sat on a slide pole, sometimes rode a horse, sometimes walked with the help of soldiers, climbed over the snow-capped mountains, crossed the forest, crossed the Jinsha River, and finally met Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and others whom he had admired for a long time.
In order to take care of Zhou Suyuan, He Long, Ren Bishi and others asked him to follow Zhu De in front and sent him a service soldier. When the troops arrived in Ganzi to rest, Zhu De went to visit Zhou Suyuan and talked about Chairman Mao’s latest instructions and the preparations for the troops.
After the conversation, Zhu De asked Zhou Suyuan's servants how they prepared for eating and drinking during the march. Then he told the servants to take good care of Zhou Suyuan at all times and not make any mistakes. While the troops were still resting, think carefully about what they needed to prepare.
Before departure, Zhu De specially asked the staff to send a backpack to Zhou Suyuan, which contained two small buckets, one bucket of ghee and the other bucket of tsampa noodles and salt. When Zhou Suyuan saw such a valuable gift, she burst into tears and couldn't help but thank the Communist Party and the Commander-in-Chief.
In the summer of that year, the troops walked into the grassland. When they were resting, Zhu De ran to the pond to fish, and then asked the staff to send it to Zhou Suyuan. Every time the servant cooks fish well, Zhou Suyuan is reluctant to eat too much, and he can eat it for two or three days at a time. Under Zhu De's care, although the march was arduous, Zhou Suyuan's health was always healthy.
pic丨Zhou Suyuan is the only Red Army wearing a long gown during the Long March
. While crossing the grassland , the army was about to finish eating, and even the grass on both sides of the road was almost pulled out. The mule riding by Zhou Suyuan couldn't walk due to hunger. At that time, the serviceman was anxious and scared. Zhou Suyuan had no mule riding, so it was difficult to move forward.
After a camping camp, Zhu De came to visit Zhou Suyuan again. The two of them talked enthusiastically about some military issues, but Zhou Suyuan just didn't mention his mount. The anxious servant cried out in a hurry, and Zhu De hurriedly asked what was going on.
The servant told the situation all the time. Zhou Suyuan knew that he could not hide it anymore, so he said helplessly: "What the child told is the truth." Zhu De stood up and looked at the mule, comforting the servant and said not to worry, he would find a way to do about the mule.
That night, Zhu De sent a staff officer to send a tall and strong mule. Zhou Suyuan was surprised and happy to see the mule, and shed tears in excitement.
html In early October, Zhou Suyuan joined the army with the Red Front Army in Huining , and then arrived at the security guard and met Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and other central leaders. After 9 months, Zhou Suyuan and the Red Army walked the nearly ten thousand miles of Long March together. As an democrat, he achieved a turning point in his life while completing the Long March.
After the Xi'an Incident , Zhou Suyuan wrote a letter to the Kuomintang officials he knew according to Chairman Mao, hoping that they would put national justice first, force Chiang to resist Japan, and avoid the country from falling into a civil war.
Picture丨Old Photos of Zhou Suyuan
" July 7 Incident " broke out, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, and Zhou Suyuan was appointed as the senior senator of the Eighth Route Army. With a long-awaited heart to serve the country, he devoted himself to the intense work and was ready to sacrifice his life for the country at any time.
During the Yan'an period, the party organization and comrades gave Zhou Suyuan meticulous care. He Long and Xiao Ke's wife often visited him and helped him sew and wash. In the face of shortage of supplies, Zhou Suyuan's life can also be treated well.
Just as Zhou Suyuan was about to invest more energy in the War of Resistance, his body had a big problem.
"In the future, I should write it to make up for it."
Since mid-August 1937, Zhou Suyuan's feet have been red and swollen, and they cannot touch the ground, and they cannot take care of themselves. Although there were careful treatment from medical staff, it still did not improve. Zhou Suyuan felt that he could not work, but instead became a burden in the organization, so she proposed to Chairman Mao that he would return to Guizhou to continue his work.
Before leaving, Chairman Mao and other central leaders gave Zhou Suyuan a farewell and asked Zhou Suyuan to briefly write about his history. After all, he was once a member of the Red Army. The next day, Zhou Suyuan sent someone to send his autobiography. Chairman Mao was happy and moved after reading it:
"You are proud of your past. I should write a more glorious future."
With Chairman Mao's encouragement, Zhou Suyuan left Yan'an and, as a senior senator of the Eighth Route Army, visited the authorities of various provinces in the southwest of to promote them to fulfill the conditions for cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, release "political prisoners" and unite in anti-Japanese war.
pic丨Chairman Mao wrote to Zhou Suyuan
In November of the same year, Zhou Suyuan arrived in Chengdu and wrote a letter to Long Yun to hope that he would release the "political prisoner" and sent Chairman Mao's personal letter together. Long Yun sent Zhou Suyuan to Kunming twice and bought a plane ticket for him. In January of the following year, Zhou Suyuan arrived in Kunming and was welcomed by Long Yun and the Yunnan military and political authorities, and was invited to serve as consultant of the Yunnan Provincial Government.
At that time, progressive people in Kunming regarded Zhou Suyuan as a representative of the Communist Party and often talked to him. There were twenty or thirty visitors every day. Zhou Suyuan took the opportunity to publicize the Communist Party’s propositions and refute the Kuomintang’s rumor and slander, so that more people can understand the true situation of the Communist Party and Yan'an.
Zhou Suyuan's activities aroused dissatisfaction among the Kuomintang Yunnan authorities. They sent people to keep an eye on Zhou Suyuan and restricted Zhou Suyuan's freedom of movement from multiple parties. Long Yun was inconvenient to attack Zhou Suyuan, so he asked someone to advise Zhou Suyuan to let him "know".
After staying in Kunming for three months, Zhou Suyuan returned to Guiyang and was invited to serve as the Guizhou Provincial Government Senate.
Years of running around and pressure from the Kuomintang have kept Zhou Suyuan ill, but he took every opportunity to promote the anti-Japanese and national salvation, and used his relationships in the Kuomintang to do united front work through communication.
945, Zhou Suyuan was elected as a senator of the National Political Consultative Conference. He hoped to take advantage of the opportunity to hold a meeting to contact the CCP delegation, but the delegation failed to attend for some reasons, and Zhou Suyuan also failed to contact the CCP.
pic丨Malaysian-Leninistry book written by Zhou Suyuan
On the eve of the liberation of Guizhou, the Kuomintang authorities were preparing to attack Zhou Suyuan or hijack him and flee. Zhou Suyuan was prepared for this and had already left home to hide in advance, so that the spies could not find his whereabouts. After the liberation of Guizhou, Zhou Suyuan, despite his age and weakness, devoted himself to supporting the People's Liberation Army's march into Sichuan.
Zhou Suyuan was then elected as the director of the Support Committee, raising food and grass for the People's Liberation Army, assisting the government in restoring order and establishing a regime. In order to dismantle the remnants of the Kuomintang, he took the initiative to write letters to the Kuomintang officials who were trying to resist stubbornly, urging them to put down their weapons as the way out.
After the national liberation, He Long suggested to the central government that Zhou Suyuan should serve as a member of the Southwest Military and Political Committee and the Chairman of the Guizhou Provincial People's Government. Zhou Suyuan, who was 71 years old at the time, felt that she should not hold such an important position, so she asked He Long to resign in person.
At that time, He Long, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng and other leaders met him together. As soon as He Long met, he held Zhou Suyuan's hand tightly and said that he was still stronger if he hadn't seen him for many years.Zhou Suyuan and He Long know each other well, and when they heard He Long's words, they smiled:
"As soon as you meet, you said that I am getting stronger and stronger, I'm afraid I'm going to block my mouth?"
Zhou Suyuan explained to the three leaders the reason why he could not take this important task based on his physical condition. Liu Bocheng suggested that he did not need to attend regular meetings and only attended important meetings, while Deng Xiaoping said it more bluntly:
"Old Su is mainly responsible for contacting the masses. Just say, just put your name card there."
pic丨Zhou Suyuan delivered a speech after the founding of the country
Zhou Suyuan was moved by the trust of the three leaders, no longer humble, and soon returned to Guiyang for many years.
In February 11958, Zhou Suyuan died of illness at the age of 80. The central leaders and various ministries and commissions sent condolences. The elegiac couplet of the provincial party committee gave a good overview of Zhou Suyuan's life:
"A thousand miles apart, the people's cause will be helped; one mind to accept the truth, Marxism-Leninism Hongmo has a good understanding."
