grew from an ordinary patriotic student to one of the most trusted cadres of Chairman Mao in the 1960s. Wu De has been promising to save the country along the way, and has risen between the army, from the front line of the revolution to many important positions such as politics, education, and culture. He is a well-deserved political "all-rounder".
Wu De Step by step in his life. If he was born out of nowhere, he really didn't count. He just tried his best to remain sober, loyal and kind in every historical period.
Young Wu De: Abandoning school for revolution and determined to save the country
913, a poor peasant family in Daxinzhuang Town, Fengrun County, Hebei Province, like all rural families in the early 20th century, he had almost painful memories of hunger since he was a child.
If you can't eat enough, your mind will not be able to move. The family sent this smart little baby to the school, but as soon as he started class, his stomach was almost louder than the Master's voice, "It's about love, it's about etiquette."
Because the family was really difficult, I couldn't eat the whole meal. In the words of his parents, although "my brain is more intelligent than the pawnshop's abacus", I still have to go home to starve. It is intermittent to go to school, just like eating.
But the shortage of food did not affect Wu De's enlightenment too much, he was undoubtedly keen. Before he was ten years old, he learned from his husband who had been abroad that their Dafengrun has been a major food town since ancient times. "How could he not be full?" Xiao Wu De murmured to himself. The gentleman just looked at the thin yellow and black child with compassion, "When you grow up..., it's good for the child."
But Wu De still grew up so eagerly. When he was a child, his parents always hoped that the child would grow up. When he grew up, there would be more labor at home. Wu De could go to the rich man's house in the town to help - their family had books. But when Wu De really grew into a young man, they were all stunned again.
This child is so promising. After Wu De finished elementary and junior high school year after year on Daxinzhuang Town, he took the exam for Beiping Zhicheng Middle School in 1930. For a time, he almost became the focus of the entire town. Everyone who passed by Wu De's family always smiled when they saw their parents and relatives. When it comes to this, they always have to compliment: "The son will definitely be a member of the Kuomintang in the future."
At that time, it was such a thing that a peasant family in a town could produce a "Kuomintang". However, no one expected that Wu De, who was far away in , Peking , was deeply attracted by Marxist thought at this time and was determined to become a lifelong Marxist.
Later, Wu De transferred to Hongda Middle School to study. The school has changed over and over again. What remains unchanged is that during his studies, he participated in the petition activities of the Peking student demonstration team to Nanjing again and again, and joined forces with progressive student groups from Nanjing, Shandong, Shanghai, Anhui and other places to surround the National Government. He was later sent back to Peking by the reactionary military and police of the Kuomintang.
is also familiar with relatives in Peking. When he saw his "working style", he couldn't help but be frightened. He just repeatedly told him: "Don't let the two elders know about your 'careers'. After all, you are 'barefoot', which is not as good as the young masters and ladies..." Wu De only noticed that the man said the word "career", with fear, escape, and a slight boredom, but there was no support or encouragement. He only said, "Since there is nothing, there is nothing to lose."
At this time, Marx and Engels' " Communist Manifesto " shouted: " Proletarian loses only shackles, and what they gain will be the whole world." This declaration almost ignited the passion of Chinese youth to assault. Even Wu De, who has been a mature child, couldn't help but chewing it repeatedly in the middle of the night.
932, Wu De joined the Anti-Imperialist League. In the same year, Wu Decai was admitted to the Renmin University of China , but at this time it was the time when the nation was in danger. Due to the needs of revolutionary work, he gave up his studies and chose to become a professional revolutionary.
The only thing that comforted him was that no one came to "persuade" him again this time - "You will only have a high school education in the future." He even thought about how to retort, but no one came to question him. At least, everyone has seen the situation clearly, and this is the time to fight and save the nation.
1933, he joined the Communist Party of China. After joining the party, Wu De was sent to Tangshan City, not far from his hometown to carry out the workers' movement. Fengrun County and Tangshan are not far apart. Wu De's son often heard Tangshan's wife calling "returning to her parents' home" when she was young.
squirting Fengrun episodes, Wu De went deep into the factory and coal mine. He was not the arrogant personality of calling friends. This method of "making friends widely" made him stutter. Sometimes with a blushing face, he forced himself to say something slutty to the coal mine workers, which quickly opened up the work situation.
With his efforts, the Red Trade Union and the Tangshan Trade Union Federation were established. On this basis, we carried out the work of developing party members and established a party branch.
From 1932 to 1937, Wu De was not a "shocking" faction. He worked solidly and walked solidly. He went from being a small commissioner of the Tangshan Trade Union's North China Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Because of his outstanding work ability, he was promoted to the Party League Secretary of the Federation of Trade Unions, and then to the Party League Secretary of the North China Railway Federation of Trade Unions, and to the Deputy Secretary of the Beiping Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Minister of the Workers' Department, and Secretary of the North China Railway Working Committee.
1935, Wu De served as deputy secretary of the Beiping Municipal Party Committee, and also served as Minister of the Employees Department and Secretary of the North China Railway Working Committee. In April 1937, he went to Yan'an to attend the Soviet Party Representative Conference and the White District Work Conference. After the July 7 Incident
July 7 Incident , Wu De served as Minister of the Organization Department of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Minister of the Organization Department of the Party Committee of the Jirecha District and Secretary of the Jidong Branch.
938, he led the Hebei Armed Uprising and the Tangshan and Kailuan Miners Uprisings. In order to establish the Hebei Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, he came from the front line of mobilization and organization. During this period, he devoted all his energy to upholding and developing the Hebei Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Fight.
He failed to become the so-called "KMT member", but returned to his hometown and became a guerrilla warrior, truly defending the land with his blood and heart.
Traveling through mountains and rivers to Yan'an: A steady and steady representative of the Seventh National Congress
940, Wu De was elected as a representative of the Seventh National Congress of the Party and went to Yan'an. At this time, among the new cadres, he was already considered an "old senior". Although he was only 27 years old, he had a rich revolutionary experience.
The central government is going to hold the seventh National Congress, and he learned about it in Tianjin. The party organizations in Tianjin have radio stations, which can often contact the Central Committee and the Central Branch.
Many years later, Wu De remembered that moment, he and Yan Dakai and Gu Yunting received the news. The three of them looked at each other in the first place, as if it would take some time to buffer the whole good news, but after confirming, no one laughed wildly. They just tried their best to endure the joy in their hearts, turned their backs and continued to work.
In order to participate in the Seventh National Congress, they set out from Tianjin and first went to Pingxi , namely Jirecha, where they rectified for a period of time and continued to move forward. In April and May 1940, they arrived at the Central Branch of Jincha and Hebei, and reported their work to the leaders of the branch Peng Zhen, Yao Yilin and others.
After reaching Jinchaji , Wu Decai discovered that the Jinchaji Branch gathered representatives from Jizhong District, Jidong District, Jijin District , and Jire Cha District. They have from the troops, from the local. They met many new comrades. After the representatives of
briefly got to know each other, in order to facilitate leadership and action, the organization decided to set up a leadership group, including Li Baohua, Lu Ben and Wu De, and the others were from the army.
After many years, Wu De was still able to count the names one by one: "There is also Sun Zhiyuan, the director of the political department of , Jizhong ... The team led an old Red Army soldier named Chen Bojun. At that time, we needed to pass Tongpu Road, so we specially found a guide."
After passing Tongpu Road, we came to a place called Baishui Village. There were deep and shallow trenches on the Loess Plateau , some of which were dozens of feet deep. Just as we were walking along the road, we were ambushed by the enemy. At that time, Lu Ben, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Jizhong District, and we were walking behind the brigade. We were both holding horses, one with two guards.
The group walked and chatted, and only heard a "boom--" sound in front of him. Lu Ben shouted: "There may be something wrong ahead!" Then he rode his horse and rushed forward. Wu De was still behind and saw the people in front retreating.
The cunning enemy discharged a vanguard and attacked Wu De's part. "We brought two companies, which were from He Long's 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army." Wu De pointed out that the company's mission was to escort a batch of materials and materials to Jin, Cha and Ji, and just happened to go along with his team.
At this time, Wu De and the representative of Jizhong Hou Yutian were together. Hou Yutian fought guerilla warfare in the Jizhong area, and had a very good understanding of the local terrain and terrain. As soon as he saw the situation on the other side, he understood that hard work would only be like the enemy's intentions. He said in a sophisticated manner, "I'm afraid I can't walk on the road. I have to go downhill to the ridges and ridges. Come with me."
A series of people were fighting and retreating in the dark, and came to the ravine, which was more than ten feet deep. Wu De and his group slowly looked for a way around the ditch, and during this process they also met Chen Bojun, Li Baohua and Sun Zhiyuan. Soon, they realized the complexity of frivolity—because the guide ran away, they were lost.
At dawn, Wu De, Chen Bojun, Li Baohua and his group walked out and came to a village. This time, the encounter caused Wu De and others to suffer terrible losses. Not only did they lose the gifts they wanted to give to , but they also sacrificed some comrades and walked out of the morning mist. Wu De had no time to pay attention to where they were and where they were.
Later, under the guidance of some enthusiastic people, they came to the Jinsui Military Region Command, where He Long and Guan Xiangying's First Second O Division headquarters were located. After a while, after learning about their situation, they were equipped with horses, bedding and some equipment. Just in case, they were specially dispatched troops to escort Wu De and his group, and finally arrived in Yan'an. After
arrived in Yan'an, they reported to Central Organization Department and started living in the Organization Department cave. Wu De still remembers that at that time, the organization minister was Chen Yun and the deputy minister was Li Fuchun. Afterwards, they couldn't wait to report to the Central Committee on the strike of the Kailuan Coal Mine Alliance in Tangshan and the situation before and after the Hebei riot.
They were Chairman Mao, Wang Jiaxiang, Ren Bishi and others who listened to their reports at that time. Since the central government postponed the meeting of the seven major groups, Wu De lived in Yan'an for more than five years.
1945, Wu De transferred to the Ji Reliao Branch as the Organization Minister. Later he was transferred to the position of director of the Transportation Bureau of the Jin-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Government, director of the Pingsui Railway Bureau and secretary of the Party Committee. At the end of 1947, Wu De was appointed as the Party Secretary of the Jidong District, the Political Commissar of the Jidong Military Region, the Secretary of the Tangshan Municipal Party Committee, and the Chairman of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions.
After Wu De and his group arrived in Yan'an, the others studied at the Central Party School. The Party School has department one, department two, department three, department four and department five. Those who come to the Party School to study include cadres from various base areas and cadres from white areas. But Wu De didn't succeed. Not long after he arrived in Yan'an, he was assigned to the newly established urban work committee behind enemy lines because of his outstanding city work, specializing in urban work in enemy-occupied areas, including Northeast and Shanghai.
He was transferred there to be Secretary-General, and at the same time, Su Zaiwen, Zhang Jiafu from Jinsui, Li Fanwu from Northeast China, and Lu Boming from Shanghai. The committee established the Northeast Group, the Shanghai Group, and the Pingjin Tang (Beiping, Tianjin, and Tangshan behind enemy lines) city groups behind enemy lines, and opened a study class. After training, it was sent to the enemy lines to do underground work.
Later, the Central Committee established the Intelligence Department, with the ministers being Kang Sheng and the deputy ministers being Ye Jianying and Li Kenong. There are four rooms below, the first room is the office, the second room is training, the third room is military information, and the fourth room is political information.
Wu De was the deputy director of the Political and Environmental Office of the Fourth Room at that time, that is, the Central Investigation Department of after entering the city, and later changed it to Security Department of . At that time, their organizational life was mainly in the Ministry of Social Affairs.
While carrying out work, Wu De often muttered: "I didn't go to the Party School to study, it's really... this is..." The words were full of regrets, nothing more than being so frustrated when Wu De was appointed. At that time, Peng Zhen of the Central Party School was appointed as the vice president and Secretary-General of Huang Huoqing. The actual person in charge was Peng Zhen, and the principal was Chairman Mao.
The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in April 1945 and is located in the Yangjialing Central Auditorium. Although the meeting has been long since passed, the elderly Wu De often recalled tremblingly: "As a representative who personally participated in the Seventh National Congress, this is something I have always been very proud of in my life."
The founding of the People's Republic of China became hot again, and we were moving forward again: "Wu Deyoude"
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, from October 1949 to March 1950, Wu De served as the deputy minister of the Ministry of Fuel Industry. He was also very coke. He had many years of experience in going to factories and coal mines, so he was not suitable for this.
immediately went to further study, but someone else joked: "You still need to learn more about your work experience in this city, you have to be a teacher." But he said seriously: "It's different. Now it's New China. The country and nation are progressing, and I also want to make progress."
950 to 1952, Wu De served as Secretary of the Plain Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. At the same time, because he has been active in eastern Hebei for many years and has a good mass base from July 1952 to May 1955, Wu De served as deputy secretary of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, member of the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee from December 1952 to August 1954, and served as deputy mayor, acting mayor and mayor of Tianjin from August 1952 to January 1955.
From February 1955 to May 1966, Wu De was transferred to the position of the first secretary of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee, and during this period he served as the political commissar of the Jilin Provincial Military Region and the political commissar of the Provincial Military Region. In 1956, Wu De was elected as a representative of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee. During his work in Jilin Province, he had a good reputation, insisted on collective leadership, was good at uniting the provincial party committee, and was good at engaging in industrial and agricultural production. He often went to various places to investigate and research, timely adjusted and handled the relationship between the state, the collective and the individual, set an example himself, participated in labor, and mobilized the people's enthusiasm for production.
Whenever he works hungry and makes a whirring sound, the staff will persuade him, but Wu De remembered that he was studying in hungry days, and actually laughed. His smile filled his entire chest and he was not very hungry. Then he sighed: "It's better to grow up."
1957, Wu De was appointed as the president of Tianjin University . During his tenure, Tianjin University’s new campus was completed with 1 administrative building, 4 teaching buildings, 15 internship factories and laboratories, 21 student dormitories, 5 new villages for faculty and staff dormitories, auditoriums and canteens and various living service facilities, etc., and all teachers and students in Xigu moved to Qilitai’s new campus.
Since January 11960, Wu De has served as deputy director of the Northeast Cooperation Zone Committee. From October 1960 to May 1966, he served as secretary of the Secretariat of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
From May to December, Wu De served as secretary of the Secretariat of the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. From June 1966 to April 1967, Wu De served as the second secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the acting mayor of Beijing. It was during this period that he accompanied Chairman Mao to fight and became one of the most trusted cadres around the Chairman.
In the past, Mao Zedong had a good habit of remembering, deciphering, and even changing his name, which made people feel nervous and restrained when they first met the leader, and suddenly eliminated a large piece.
praises cadres by decorating the name, which increases the cadres' sense of motivation and honor several times. For example, Mao Zedong once commented on Wu De, a responsible cadre in Beijing at a meeting: "Wu De has virtue."This made Wu De feel a sense of irony. His original name was not Wu De, and he was not even named Wu. Later, due to the severe revolutionary situation and the work tasks were difficult, he often changed his name and finally decided on the entire Wu De, but he was unintentional.
1972, Wu De was appointed as the director of the Beijing Municipal Revolutionary Committee. During this period, he served as deputy head of the core group of the Municipal Revolutionary Committee from 1967 to 1971, and served as Beijing of the Communist Party of China from March 1971 to May 1972. The second secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, served as the first secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China in May 1972, and also served as the political commissar of the Beijing Military Region. From December 1977 to October 1978, he served as the president of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee Party School.
1 served as the head of the Cultural Group of the State Council from June 1970 to January 1975. From August 1973 to February 1980, he served as the member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
In January 1975 and March 1978, Wu De was successively elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fourth and Fifth National People's Congress. On November 29, 1995, Wu De passed away in Beijing at the age of 82.
Looking at Wu De's life, he was definitely not lucky. In a special period, he also tried his best to fight against the reactionary forces, but he was always hurt and destroyed.
The sentence "Wu De has virtue" brought him to the Chairman's side, but he was never arrogant. He always called himself "uneducated rough man" and "friend of miners and workers", and regarded Chairman Mao as a teacher. During the days of accompanying the battle, he seemed to have just returned to that year over and over again to listen to the party class that he could not catch up.
References:
Jiang Yiran Xia Fei's "Part of Party History (Documentary)" [J]. Issue 01, 2007.
