Vietnam has been closely linked to our country since ancient times. Especially in the feudal dynasty, northern Vietnam was ruled by the Central Plains dynasty for a long time.
In this case, Chinese characters were once the only official text of in Vietnam. , however, as time went by, after was influenced by the colonial rule of modern , the spread of Chinese characters in Vietnam was also affected.
So what is the status of Chinese characters in Vietnam nowadays in ? What are the changes in Vietnam’s writing?
The influence of Chinese characters
Qin Shihuang After unifying the six countries, a special Xiangjun was established in Vietnam for management. Although northern Vietnam also has its own language and font system , the emergence of Chinese characters is like a standard , which makes Vietnamese communication more perfect.
Chu and Han fight . Although northern Vietnam was also affected by the war, the spread of of Chinese characters did not abort . There are still a large number of groups in China who use Chinese characters and support Chinese characters.
Not only that, although there were many powerful warlords in Vietnam who attacked and defeated the Central Plains dynasty army, the official status of Chinese characters in Vietnam has never been affected.
Whether it was Wu Quan who defeated the Southern Han government army in 938 AD, or Li's regime that established an independent regime in Vietnam in 1174 AD, they all used Chinese characters to rule their own countries.
and even when the Li family regime was in power, they also imitated the imperial examination system of the Central Plains dynasty and used Chinese characters to take the exam.
At that time, from princes and nobles in Vietnam to to common people , almost everyone was proud of being able to use Chinese characters. There will be no problems with the exchange between China and Vietnam.
, does the appearance of Chinese characters cover the spread of Vietnamese local languages? The answer is that is negative. During the time when Chinese characters exist, countless Vietnamese residents also insisted on using the local language .
Perhaps when taking the imperial examination or working in the "Yinchu" ( Vietnam official institution), Vietnamese people can use Chinese characters, but the daily terms in many villages are still mainly local dialect . The biggest difference between the dialect of
and Chinese is that the two parties have different systems and is completely incompatible. Therefore, as far as the Chinese characters used by Vietnam at that time were actually different from the Chinese characters used in the Central Plains dynasty, expressing .
Take the 8th century AD as an example. At that time, only the pronunciation of Chinese characters was used in Vietnam to express the pronunciation of , the pronunciation of in Vietnamese . The meaning of the two is irrelevant at all.
After the ninth century AD, this situation became more and more intense. The local rulers of Vietnam even based on the Chinese character structure and combined with the local language system, creating a language called " ang character " .
is only because the character "Nang" looks particularly immature and compared to Chinese characters. Therefore, after its establishment, it is basically only used in folk ordinary occasions. Chinese characters still maintain an orthodox and official status in Vietnam.
changes in text
The exchange between the Central Plains dynasty and Vietnam has continued to deepen as the times go. . In this process, Vietnamese rulers always seek change and never gave up the obsession of creating language to replace Chinese characters .
Nowadays, people don’t understand why this obsession is so deep, but Vietnam’s local ruling class has really done this.
Like the "Nang" language system mentioned earlier, it shows the strong vitality of among the people of Vietnam. Although at the beginning, it was only used in very unofficial occasions. But it is precisely because it is not formal, so it is widely circulated. The statement of
is difficult to understand. In fact, it is the verbal language of , , and it is said more and more frequently, and the impact is naturally greater and greater.
By the 19th century AD, 日本 even surpassed the influence of Chinese characters and became another official language in Vietnam.
However, the good times did not last long. The word "Nang" which had the opportunity to develop into an official text that Vietnam truly recognized, eventually died due to the colonial rule of the Western powers of .
First of all, after Western missionaries arrived in Vietnam, actively learned and changed the Vietnamese language for their own missionary activities, which had a certain impact on the development of the word "Nang".
Secondly, after the French colonists arrived in Vietnam, they were afraid that the Vietnamese people would develop an independent consciousness in advance after learning about knowledge through words, so simply did not even allow Vietnamese people to learn about words.
, which is already fragile, also heads to the end of life under the forced intervention of the colonial powers. The same is true for Chinese characters. Although the Vietnamese know them, they are also prohibited from spreading by the colonial ruler .
For its own rule, France also began to spread the "Mandarin word" and French, which belonged to Vietnam, specifically from the Vietnamese royal family. From then on, the words that most Vietnamese people know have become Mandarin characters based on Latin letters.
In contrast, the current status of Chinese in Vietnam is somewhat similar to the situation after Manchu entered the Central Plains, but is slightly stronger than Manchu .
After the Qing army entered the pass, affected by the assimilation of the Han ethnic group, the Jurchen 's own language and writing system inheritance is becoming less and less, and everyone focuses on Chinese characters. After the Central Plains dynasty left, Vietnamese people knew less and less Chinese characters, and it seems that has long become history.
