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2021, Yang Zhenning publicly published a life speech titled "I hope people will last forever and have a common journey for thousands of miles" on his 100th birthday.
In his speech, he specifically mentioned his senior sister hanchun , and his words were full of infinite admiration and feelings.
Yang Zhenning
Hanchun was once a well-known nuclear physicist in the United States. She is not only the only female scientist involved in the development of the atomic bomb in the United States, but also was received by the nuclear physics master Fermi . She has a bright future.
But just when her career was booming, she came to China resolutely in 1948 despite the opposition of the crowd.
After coming to China, she not only gave up her beloved nuclear physics research, but also did not fear difficulties and took root in the countryside and fought for China's dairy cow improvement work for the rest of her life.
After the reform of the foreign residence system, she also successfully obtained China's first green card.
So how did Han Chun participate in the development of the American atomic bomb? Why did she come to China? What contributions did she make after she arrived in China? This starts with Han Chun’s personal experience.
hanchun
nuclear weapons experts anti-nuclear weapons, come to China for the sake of dreams
hanchun's original name is Join Hinton . He was born in 1921 in a noble family in Chicago, USA.
Her father is a famous lawyer and his mother is a famous educator.
, Hanchun is better than the best, and has been recognized by teachers as a good seedling for scientists since he was a child.
After graduating from high school, Han Chun first was admitted to Bennington College, which was famous in the field of physics at the time. It took only three years to complete all the college courses.
Later, at the school's advice, she successfully passed the postgraduate entrance examination at University of Wisconsin . As a result, before the graduate student graduated, she received an invitation from the National Laboratory of the United States. The University of Wisconsin was also proud of her, so she made an exception to defend her thesis.
Hanchun
Hanchun was unprepared and had no choice but to hand over a paper written during her undergraduate years, but even so, she successfully passed the defense.
Hanchun came to National Laboratory in , New Mexico, and soon joined the research team of the famous scientist Fermi. It was not until this time that she realized that the project she was involved in was atomic bomb research.
At that time, Fermi's team was mainly responsible for manufacturing enriched uranium generators, while Han Chun was specifically responsible for the most dangerous high-energy reactor.
In the team, Han Chun was deeply cared for by Fermi. Until her later years, she still said obsessedly: "Fermi is a perfect teacher who can understand all the most complex theories from a practical perspective and turn abstract physics into a living reality."
Han Chun
1945, with the joint efforts of a group of scientists, the United States finally made the first finished atomic bomb, but the effect is, it has to wait for the explosion test.
Since the high-energy reactor that Han Chun is responsible for is a basic preliminary work in atomic bomb research, the military did not allow her to observe the explosion test.
But Han Chun was not willing to accept it. She drove by herself and came to a hill 25 miles away from the test base in advance to observe the explosion of the atomic bomb on the spot.
This observation gave her a great impact. In her later years, she also recalled: "What a big guy, what a sun."
The picture is from the Internet
But she didn't expect that the atomic bomb she participated in was used on the battlefield. When she saw the image of the Hiroshima atomic bomb explosion, her dream of pure science was completely shattered. She said sadly: "The pure science that I am passionate about actually created a devil, and I can't continue to do it! "
From then on, she began to oppose the atomic bomb. She placed the samples of sand melted after the atomic bomb exploded in a plastic box and sent them to the mayors of hundreds of cities in the United States, and attached a note saying , "Do you want your city to become like this? Strive for civilians to control atomic energy . "
But her appeal did not cause any trouble.
At this moment, Fermi found Hanchun and invited her to work at her Nuclear Physics Institute .
Hanchun
Hanchun felt that this was a good opportunity to promote the civil use of atomic energy, so she agreed to Fermi's invitation and went to the institute to become an accelerator teaching assistant.
Fermi particularly appreciated several young people in the institute, and not only affectionately called them "Doll physicists" also specially formed them into a group.
It was in this group that Han Chun met Yang Zhenning and formed a deep friendship.
Han Chun made rapid progress under Fermi's guidance. If she continued at this pace, it would not take long to grow into a world-renowned scientist, but at this moment, she suddenly realized that her project funding actually came from the US Navy.
Han Chun believed: "If you receive the scholarship funded by the navy, you have to obey the military. "
Yang Zhenning
This violated her original intention of scientific independence, so her ideal of dedicating herself to nuclear physics was also shaken.
At this moment, she received a letter from her boyfriend Irving Engelster .
Engelster and Han Chun's brother html l1William Hinton are both top students at Cornell University’s Agricultural College.
1946, they responded to the call of the United Nations Relief Administration and came to China to guide the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in China.
At that time, Engels had agreed with Han Chun that when he came back from China, the two would get married immediately.
But unexpectedly, huh, huh, As soon as Gest and William Hinton arrived at the liberated area, they fell in love with this land deeply. From then on, they never wanted to go back to the United States again, and even asked people to give them Chinese names.
From then on, there were two names Yangzao and Han Ding .
yang
yang is Engelster, and Han Ding is William Hinton.
yang has never wanted to go back to the United States, so he excitedly wrote to Han Chun and said: "Come quickly, China is undergoing earth-shaking changes. If you don't come again, you will miss the last bus. It's not too late to do your physics research, of course I miss you too. "
After receiving the letter, Han Chun also had the idea of going to China.
But she did not act rashly, but consulted her brother first. Unexpectedly, her brother also had a high evaluation of China.
Then, she consulted Yang Zhenning again, and Yang Zhenning also supported her to go to China to take a look and taught her some simple Chinese.
Han Chun
1948, Han Chun finally made up his mind to go to China.
Fermi first tried his best to dissuade her, but later she saw that she had made up her mind, so she kept the secret for her.
Because Han Chun had mastered the key technology for measuring the critical value of atomic nucleus at that time, and this technology was the key to making an atomic bomb, if the US government knew that Han Chun was going to China, she would definitely not let her go abroad.
So, Han Chun resolutely left the promising Nuclear Physics Institute and embarked on the road to China.
At the time she left, Yang Zhenning borrowed an old car and sent her to the station.
hanchun in Yan'an
She first came to Shanghai by ship, but because the Liberation War was fierce at that time, she had been in Yan'an for nearly a year before she arrived in Yan'an in February 1949.
The couple worked together, not afraid of hardships and took root in the countryside
After arriving in Yan'an, they not only met her boyfriend Yang Zao, but also met Chairman Mao .
Chairman Mao warmly encouraged her and said: "China is a major agricultural country, and you are welcome to help us develop agricultural technology."
In April of that year, Han Chun and her boyfriend got married in Yan'an. Lin Boqu, the then chairman of the border region government, personally wrote a wedding banner for the couple of "The combination of love and truth" and a wedding couple "A good marriage, a holy land candle".
Chairman Mao
A few days after marriage, they went to Wayaobao Farm Tool Factory together and became technical transformation engineers. Han Chun, who had developed an accelerator, personally started it and improved many agricultural tools such as iron plows.
Although life in northern Shaanxi is difficult, in the eyes of Han Chun and his wife, it is sincere, cute and full of vitality.
In August 1949, on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, all the cadres in Yan'an moved out of Yan'an one after another. However, Han Chun and his wife took the initiative to apply to develop a three-sided ranch in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, where conditions are more difficult.
The three-sided ranch is located at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Not only is the natural conditions difficult, but the ethnic situation is also relatively complicated. However, the Han Chun and his wife worked hard and made significant contributions to the construction of the three-sided ranch.
Hanchun and Yangzao
And the performance of the Communist Party also deeply impressed Hanchun and his wife. Hanchun once recalled that a Communist cadre accidentally injured the dog of a Mongolian compatriot in . After the organization learned about the situation, he held a special meeting for a week to criticize the cadre.
Although this is a small matter, it touched Han Chun a lot. She later wrote in an article: "In Yan'an, I gradually understood why the people around me trust and love the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao so much... The birth and development of the Communist Party of China is the accumulation of China's struggle, sacrifice and experience over the past 100 years. Such a political party will turn the socialist blueprint into reality."
Han Chun and his wife fought side by side with their Chinese colleagues, and it took two years to basically build the three-sided ranch.
Then, they moved to work in Caotan Farm in Xi'an.
Hanchun and Yangzao
In Caotan Farm, they have worked for ten years.
During this period, they overcame many difficulties, designed the country's most advanced automated milking production line for the farm, and made important contributions to the mechanization process of my country's dairy farms.
At the same time, they also developed and improved the green feed hay chopper, which greatly improved the efficiency of hay chopping. Once it was released, it was very popular and is still the flagship product of Caotan Farm.
During this period, Chinese scientists successfully blasted China's first atomic bomb at the Lop Nur nuclear test base.
China's first atomic bomb exploded
But Americans do not believe that the Chinese have the ability to develop nuclear weapon alone, so they spread rumors that Han Chun participated in China's nuclear weapons development and disclosed the United States' technical secrets to China.
But Hanchun had been working at Caotan Farm at that time and had not left for more than half a step.
So the Americans' statement is completely a slander against China. Later, Yang Zhenning returned to China and specifically confirmed it with Deng Jiaxian and Han Chun. Both of them clearly replied that this statement is completely nonsense!
Deng Jiaxian
In April 1966, in order to take care of them, the organization specially transferred them to Beijing, arranged Yang Zao to the Film Bureau, and arranged Han Chun to the Foreign Languages Committee.
But Han Chun was not "satisfied" with this, and posted a big-character poster and said: "Please don't treat us like bourgeois experts, but like class brothers, please treat our children like Chinese children, please cancel our special treatment."
Chairman Mao was particularly moved after learning about the situation and specifically stated: "Foreign revolutionary experts and their children should be exactly the same as the Chinese, and they are not allowed to be different. Anyone who is voluntarily will do the same! "
In this way, under the initiative of Han Chun and his wife, they were transferred to the Red Star Commune cattle farm in , , Beijing suburbs.
, although Chairman Mao agreed to the request of Han Chun and his wife to be the same, he cared about them in secret.
, Chairman Mao
, March 1973, the Great Hall of the People organized a tea party, and Chairman Mao asked Han Chun and his wife to attend.
At the meeting, , Premier conveyed Chairman Mao's greetings to them and said to them affirmatively: "You have all stood the test and have a revolution with us. "
These words full of sincere feelings made them excited, and they were more motivated in China.
has no regrets and regards fame, fortune and life and death indifferently
1979 After the reform and opening up of , the Chinese government sent Han Chun and his wife to the United States to inspect the mechanization project of dairy cows.
Han Chun and Yang Zao
During his time in the United States, Han Chun met many old friends. They were puzzled by Han Chun's choice and kept asking her: "Don't you feel sorry for putting down nuclear physics research and putting down your doctorate degree to China? "
Han Chun said humorously: "Nucleon physics is the cutting-edge of natural science, the people's revolution, and China is a role model. I just stepped from one tip to another. "
So after the inspection, they resolutely returned to China. After this, they took the initiative to apply to work at the Agricultural Machinery Test Station of the Agricultural Machinery Institute in Xiaowangzhuang, Shahe, Beijing.
is here, they continue to promote the high yield and mechanization of dairy cows, and have worked for thirty years.
is here. In 2003, the annual milk production of cows at Xiaowangzhuang Dairy reached more than 9,000 kilograms, far ahead of their peers in the country.
Yuan Longping
For this reason, experts from China Dairy once commented on Han Chun and his wife: "They promoted the development of China's dairy industry and helped China increase the annual milk production of cows by four to seven times, which can be called the Yuan Longping in the Chinese dairy industry. "
The reason why Han Chun and his wife achieved such achievements is inseparable from their desires and their determination to contribute to the construction of socialist .
In December 2003, the 85-year-old Yang was already terminally ill. When Han Chun asked him what he had last words, Yang Zao said earnestly: "If you manage these cows well, I will be relieved..."
After Yang Zao passed away, Han Chun was not too sad because they had long been indifferent to life and death.
Yang Zao
She first took off the cardiac pacemaker in Yang Zao's body, "Leave it to those who can't afford to buy pacemaker ."
Then even changed the new set of clothes for Yang Zao, so she took him directly to the crematorium to cremate. Because she thought, "When everyone is dead, don't waste it anymore. It's good to go to another world cleanly."
Yang Zao has always enjoyed the treatment of the vice minister during his lifetime. Although he never enjoyed it before his death, it was natural to be buried in Babaoshan after his death. Han Chun insisted on burying Yang Zao's ashes under a pine tree in the cattle farm in Xiaowangzhuang, because Han Chun believed that "burying him in a place where you can see the cattle" was to better comfort Yang Zao.
In 2004, my country officially began to implement the management system for permanent residence permits for foreigners, and Hanchun obtained China's first "foreign permanent residence permit".
Hanchun received China's first "green card"
This book is a supreme honor, but some reporters deliberately provoked her and asked her: "Since you love China so much, why not become a Chinese nationality? "
Han Chun responded domineeringly: "You ask meaninglessly, is nationality important? What matters is what you are doing. I am a citizen of the world and I come to China for faith."
Han Chun and his wife came to China for their faith. During these years in China, they have won a series of honors such as "International Cooperation Award", " Magnolia Honor Award ", and "Golden Bull Award".
But they have always been incognito and always rejected media publicity and reports. The country has also provided them with a cadre housing near the Olympic Park according to the vice-ministerial level, but they insisted on noting that they could not sleep when they were far away from the cow.
Han Chun's family
Until their death, Han Chun lived in a bungalow in Xiaowangzhuang, a suburb of Beijing.
Furniture only has one bed, two old sofas and three bookcases, In addition to the computer used for work, home appliances are just an old-fashioned TV. Her food and clothing are also very simple, and even a little shabby.
In fact, Hanchun has the conditions to live a better life, but she believes that "luxury is a painful thing", and a simple life is the happiest.
2010, Hanchun, who was 89 years old, passed away, and her ashes were buried in the China where she fought for her whole life.
Hanchun
Hanchun had always dreamed of using her own hands to build a new country without oppression and exploitation, beautiful and wealthy, so she came to China. Although she did not fully realize this dream during her lifetime, China in the future will inevitably realize her unfulfilled wish.
