Northern Wei is an ethnic minority regime established by the Xianbei people during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Their culture and beliefs were also different from those of the Central Plains. Before the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the inheritance of the Xianbei people implemented the military tribal alliance election system, and the blood inheritance system has not yet been established.
The court system of the Northern Wei Dynasty was different from that of the previous Han dynasties. In the past, all concubines who gave birth to princes for the emperor should have "mother is noble for the son" and thus rose to prominence and reached the peak of power. They moved from the harem to the forward dynasty, thus further controlling their rights, posing a huge threat to the emperor's rights.
The situation of "the master is young and the mother is strong" also made the emperor's biological mother stand out from it, thus creating a large number of powerful empress dowagers. The power of the empress dowager's relatives caused the imperial power to fall, and various different foreign relatives interfered in politics and caused the dynasty to decline and perish.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Northern Wei Dynasty has learned this historical lesson. It directly stipulates the barbaric system of: the son is the most important and the mother is the one who dies, and it is strictly implemented as a court system. From the root, the situation of the little emperor was eliminated, and the relatives of the foreign government interfered in politics and later came to the court, controlling the situation of the young emperor.
The emergence of the system of "son establishing a mother and death system" also directly caused countless separations of mother and son. Human ethics were tragic, which violated human ethics and filial piety, which had always affected several generations of emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty and even in the end the continuation of the royal bloodline.
The establishment of the Northern Wei regime
The Xianbei people were ancient nomadic peoples that rose in the Mongolian Plateau after the Xiongnu, and belonged to the Mongolian language tribe . The Xianbei people were the nomadic people with the greatest influence on China in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Northern Wei was a northern regime established by the Xianbei people Tuoba Gui and during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, and was also the first dynasty of the Northern Dynasties.
In 386 AD, Tuoba Gui became king in Niuchuan, established the country of Dai, and established the capital of Shengle (now Helinger County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia). In the same year, the country's name was changed to "Wei", which was known in history as "Northern Wei" or "Later Wei". Emperor Xiaowen After changing his surname to the Han Dynasty, he was also called "Yuan Wei".
The historical origin of the Northern Wei Dynasty
The Northern Wei Dynasty was originally named "Wei", and the direction "Bei" character is added before the character "Wei", which is called "Northern Wei". It means "China" in the north, and it is also different from the Cao Wei regime during the Three Kingdoms period. The Northern Wei Dynasty later split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei , which were replaced by Northern Qi and Northern Zhou , respectively.
In 550 AD, the Northern Qi Emperor Gao Yang deposed the Eastern Wei Emperor, became the emperor himself, and formally established the Northern Qi regime.
In 557 AD, the Northern Zhou emperor Yuwen Jue 2 abolished the Western Wei emperor, became the emperor himself, and formally established the Northern Zhou regime.
After the demise of the Eastern Wei and Western Wei, the Northern Wei regime established by the Xianbei people officially perished. The Northern Wei Dynasty existed for a total of 171 years from its establishment in 386 AD to its official demise in 557 AD.
The most bizarre thing in the Northern Wei Dynasty was the cruel system of inheriting the throne of the Northern Wei Dynasty, "Zi Gui Mother's Death System". The system of "Zi Gui Mother's Death System" began to be implemented from the Northern Wei Dynasty's Dao , Wudi , and it took a total of seven generations, a total of 103 years. The Northern Wei developed this system to its peak.
The Northern Wei Dynasty was a dynasty in history that formed a system and followed it from generation to generation. But the first person to set the precedent for "establishing a son and killing his mother" was Emperor Wu of Han Liu Che .
"Go away from mother and keep the son" - I gave death Lady Gouyi
Lady Gouyi
In his later years, Emperor Wu of Han wanted to make Liu Fuling, who was only 7 years old, the prince, but he was worried that the incident of Empress Lu Lu's claim to make repeat itself again in Han Dynasty , so he reluctantly gave up his love and ordered the death of Liu Fuling's biological mother, who was only 26 years old.
The reason why Emperor Wu of Han explained the establishment of a son and killed his mother was that in ancient times, the country was in chaos because the master was young and the mother was strong. The heroine lives alone and is arrogant and unrestrained, and she is self-indulgent, and she cannot stop it. Don’t you hear about , Empress Lü evil! Therefore, I had to go first.
The meaning of this sentence is that the reason for civil strife in the country from ancient times to the present is that the young master is young and his mother is old. The hostess is arbitrary and arrogant, and no one can stop her. Haven’t you heard of Empress Lu’s story? So I had to remove her first.
Lady Gouyi
"Get out of mother and keep son" was the only example in the Han Dynasty. It was abolished after Emperor Wu of Han and never implemented it again. Moreover, when Emperor Wu of Han gave the death to Mrs. Gouge, he was already sixty-nine years old, and there was no time left. The youngest son Liu Fuling was only seven years old, while Mrs. Gouge was twenty-six years old. She was in her prime and was indeed the youngest mother. She was very likely to be confused and confused in the future, and there were endless troubles.
The founder of the death system of the son and the mother
Northern Wei Daowu Emperor Tuoba Gui
Tuoba Gui portrait
Daowu Emperor Tuoba Gui was familiar with history books and saw the story of Emperor Wu of Han who gave the death of the prince's biological mother, Lady Gouyi. He imitated the story of Emperor Wu of Han's "going to leave his mother and leaving his son" and strictly stipulated that the son is the crown prince and his mother should be sentenced to death.
thus formally established the cruel system of "son and mother die", and it is stipulated to be implemented by the ancestral system. Tuoba Si 's mother Liu Guiren was sentenced to death. Emperor Daowu told his son: In the past, Emperor Wu of Han planned to establish his son Liu Fuling and killed his mother Mrs. Gouyi in order not to allow the woman to participate in national affairs in the future, causing foreign relatives to disrupt politics.
Today you should inherit the imperial throne, so I follow the story of Emperor Wu of Han killing Mrs. Gouyi and make long-term considerations for you.
Tuoba Gui founded the "son is precious and mother dies" system for two reasons
Tuoba Gui
1. Objective reasons
Women in the royal court will try every means to win the favor of the monarch's husband when the king is alive. On the other hand, they will try every means to let the monarch make his son a crown prince, hoping that his son will ascend to the throne as emperor in the future, and that he can be respected as the empress dowager "the mother is precious and the son is precious" in order to take power alone in the future.
The palace royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty insisted on going the opposite way and established the cruel ancestral system of "the son is worthy of his mother's death". Before establishing the crown prince, his biological mother will be sentenced to death. At the root of the root, the concubines were eliminated from interfering in politics.
2. Subjective reasons
At the beginning of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the tribe's power was still very strong, and the wives of Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui also came from various powerful tribes.
No matter which prince is appointed as the crown prince, the tribal power of his mother's clan will inevitably increase greatly due to the status of the empress dowager, thereby breaking the balance of power between the tribes. In the long run, it will also affect the stability of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the rule and inheritance of imperial power.
In order to establish a blood inheritance system for the throne, consolidate the autocratic central government's autocratic centralization, weaken the tribe's power, and prevent foreign relatives from interfering in politics, Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui formulated a cruel system of "the son is precious to the mother dies."
Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui wanted to make his eldest son Tuoba Si the crown prince inherit the throne. In order to eliminate the possible threats from Tuoba Si's biological mother, Tuoba Si's biological mother Liu Guiren was executed first. In the end, the system of "son precious mother dies" became the ancestral system of the Northern Wei imperial power changing.
Northern Wei’s “son and mother died” became the ancestral system
Tuoba Gui statue
In order to avoid the interference of foreign relatives, the palace of the Northern Wei Dynasty began to implement the cruel son and mother died system from Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui. After that, as long as the concubines in the harem gave birth to a boy, the child who was made the prince would be sentenced to death and leave the mother to keep the son. To avoid the situation where the mother is precious to the child.
After the biological mother was sentenced to death, the youngest son left behind still needs someone to take care of. Therefore, there is the so-called Empress Dowager . The nanny takes care of the prince. He will be named Empress Dowager until the new king ascends the throne.
There are three types of empress dowagers in the Northern Wei Dynasty, one is the emperor's biological mother, the other is the emperor's nanny, and the other is the queen who survived without a son in the previous emperor who was lucky enough to have no son.
The son is the crown prince, and the mother should be sentenced to death
"Son is precious to the mother's death" The queen who was sentenced to death
1, Empress Liu of the Northern Wei Xuanmu
0 is the daughter of the former Qin Dynasty and the leader of the Huns. In the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Liu was elected to the harem of Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui, and was initially established as Liu Guiren.
Later, the two had a good relationship and had a symbiosis with their daughter, Princess Huayin and son, Tuoba Si. After Tuoba Si captured Houyan , he brought Murong Bao 's daughter into the palace.
In the third year of Tianxing, after the court officials proposed to establish him, Tuoba Si hesitated and finally decided that those who cast the golden man would be given the position of the descendant. So, Murong gained throne.
In October of the sixth year of Tianci, Tuoba Si was made the crown prince, and his biological mother Liu was immediately sentenced to death.When Liu Guiren was sentenced to death, Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui was in his prime at the age of 39, and the crown prince Tuoba Si was already sixteen years old.
One month after Liu's death, the prince Tuoba Si ascended the throne and honored his biological mother Liu as Empress Xuanmu.
2, Northern Wei Empress Mingyuan Mi Du family
Du family is from Ye County, Wei County. She is the sister of King Wei Wei Du Chao , the concubine of Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei, and the biological mother of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei Tuoba Tao .
was originally selected to be a good son to serve the prince, and was favored by the prince Tuoba Si and gave birth to his son Tuoba Tao. After Tuoba Si ascended the throne, she was named Du Guipin.
In the fifth year of Taichang, he was sentenced to death in 420 AD. His posthumous title was Mi and he was buried in Jinling, Yunzhong. After Tuoba Tao ascended the throne, he posthumously named Du as Empress Mi. Because Tuoba Si was posthumously named Mingyuan, he was called Empress Mi of Mingyuan and was given a sacrifice to Taimiao.
3. Empress Jing Ai He
He is from Dai County, Shanxi Province, Dai County, and married Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao as his wife.
In the first year of Shenlun, Prince Jingmu was born in 428 AD. After appointing her son as the crown prince, He was immediately sentenced to death in the same year and was posthumously awarded the title of noble concubine and buried in Jinling in Yunzhong.
In March 432 AD, Emperor Taiwu posthumously awarded He as the queen. After Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun ascended the throne, he posthumously named He as: Empress Jing Ai, buried in Jinling in Yunzhong, and enjoyed the Taimiao.
4, Empress Li of the Northern Wei Yuan
Li of the Liang Kingdom was from Meng County. She was the daughter of Li Fangshu, the prefect of the Southern Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty. It is said that when Li was born, the Li family shone brightly, and the house was like daylight. Uncle Li Fang said to his wife: This girl will surpass her son and will definitely be of great honor in the future!
Tianping Zhenjun eleven years ago, Tuoba Ren married Li. Not long after, Tuoba Ren attempted to rebel, but was killed because of the leak of news. Li was captured as a spoil.
Li was sent to the Pingcheng Palace and was attracted by Emperor Wencheng. Later, in July of the third year of Xing'an, he gave birth to a prince Tuoba Hong. Because of his merits in giving birth to a child, Li was named a nobleman.
In February 456 AD, the son of Li, Tuoba Hong, was appointed as the crown prince. A few days before Emperor Wencheng established Tuoba Hong as the crown prince, his biological mother Li Guiren was sentenced to death according to the system of the death of his son Guiren.
Li was buried in Jinling after his death. In the sixth year of Heping, Tuoba Hong ascended the throne and posthumously named his biological mother Li as the Empress of Yuan.
5, Empress Jingmugong Yujiulu
Yujiulu, is the sister of Hedong , the princess of Prince Jingmu Tuoba Huang, and the mother of Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun .
She was selected into the East Palace at a young age to become the crown prince Tuoba Huang's crown princess. He was deeply favored by the prince Tuoba Huang. In the first year of Taiping Zhenjun, he gave birth to Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun.
After the death of Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao, Tuoba Jun ascended the throne, posthumously named his biological father, Prince Jingmu Tuoba Huang as Emperor Jingmu, and posthumously named his biological mother, Yu Jiulu as Empress Jingmu Gong, with the posthumous title: Gong. He was buried in Jinling in the clouds with Emperor Jingmu.
6, Empress Li, Queen Xianwensi of Northern Wei
Empress Li is from Dingzhou, Hebei Province, Anxi, Zhongshan. My father was appointed as the Prince of Nan County Li Hui. The mother is the daughter of King Han Tui of Xiangcheng.
Li was born with a beautiful and gentle look, and was a famous beauty far and wide. Many people wanted to be her wife until she was eighteen years old and elected to the Eastern Palace of Prince Tuoba Hong and began to serve Prince Tuoba Hong.
Tuoba Hong ascended the throne and appointed Li as his wife. In June 469 AD, the third year of Huangxing, he gave birth to Tuoba Hong . Later, Tuoba Hong was proposed to be the crown prince, and the ancestral system was based on the "son established his mother and died". Tuoba Hong's biological mother, Mrs. Li, was sentenced to death. In the first year of Chengming, Li was posthumously appointed as Empress Si, and was fed to the Taimiao. After his death, he was buried in Jinling.
7, Empress Xiaowenzhen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Lin family
, Lin family is also known as Lin dehumi. She was the concubine of Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong when she was a teenager. She was the biological mother of the deposed prince Tuoba Xun .
Lin's family is much older than Tuoba Hong. Her uncle was originally the eunuch of the Empress Dowager Chang's family. He became the Minister of Shangshu. Her father Lin Sheng became the prefect. After the death of Empress Dowager Chang, Yihun killed two brothers of the Lin family and prevented Lin Sheng's two daughters from entering the palace as maids.
Lin was born with a beautiful appearance and was included in the harem by Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong as a concubine. In 482 AD, Lin gave birth to Tuoba Hong's eldest son Tuoba Xun. After appointing Tuoba Xun as the crown prince, his biological mother would also be sentenced to death according to the "death system of the mother" of "death".
Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong begged for his grandmother, Civilized Empress Dowager Feng The Empress Dowager Wen refused. In 483 AD, Lin was also executed according to the system of killing his mother and establishing a son. After his death, Empress Zhen was posthumously convicted.
In 498 AD, the prince Tuoba Xun was deposed and was soon sentenced to death by Tuoba Hong. In October of the following year, Tuoba Hong defeated the Lin family, who had been dead for many years, and became a commoner. Poor Lin took his life in vain, but in the end he was in vain.
Empress Liu of Daowu Xuanmu is the biological mother of Emperor Tuoba Si of Mingyuan.
Mr. Empress Du of Mingyuan Mi is the biological mother of Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao.
Empress Taiwu Jingai He is the biological mother of Gongzong Tuoba Huang.
Empress Jing Mugong Yu Jiulu is the biological mother of Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun.
Empress Wenchengyuan Li is the biological mother of Emperor Xianwen Tuoba Hong
Empress Xianwensi Li is the biological mother of Emperor Xiaowentuoba Hong
Empress Xiaowenzhen Lin is the biological mother of the deposed crown prince Tuoba Xun
"Son of the son is worthy of the mother's death system"
The provisions of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "son of the son is worthy of the mother's death" system are that the prince's biological mother was sentenced to death before the crown prince was established, regardless of whether the prince could ascend the throne in the end.
For example: Prince Jingmu Tuoba Huang was crowned as the crown prince at the age of five, died of depression at the age of twenty-four, and died young without waiting for the throne.
Tuoba Xun was crowned as crown prince at the age of ten, and was sentenced to death by Emperor Xiaowen at the age of fifteen for false accusation of treason. Tuoba Xun's mother, Lin, was sentenced to death the year when she was born in yuan. Ten years later, Tuoba Xun was abolished as the crown prince and later sentenced to death. The ending was really sad.
These two princes did not have the chance to ascend the throne in the end, and their mothers were both sentenced to death early according to the ancestral system of "the son is precious to the mother die", and they saved their lives in vain, but in the end they did not get what they wished to make their son emperor.
The system of "son and mother die" also directly led to the unwillingness of concubines in the Northern Wei harem to have another prince, which seriously affected the inheritance of the Northern Wei throne and the continuation of the country.
The terminator of "son precious mother's death system" - Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei
officially abolished the system of "son precious mother's death"
Emperor Xuanwu's portrait
Tuoba Ke , Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei. He was the eighth emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the second son of Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong.
In the seventh year of Taihe, Emperor Xuanwu was born in Pingcheng Palace. Tuoba Ke's birth made his father, Emperor Xiaowen, very happy, and he ordered a general amnesty for the whole world.
In 497 AD, Tuoba Ke was made the crown prince.
On March 24, 499 AD, Emperor Xiaowen was seriously ill. On March 28, Emperor Xiaowen ordered Situ Yuanjie to send people to Luoyang , and asked the crown prince Tuoba Ke to ascend the throne in Luyang. Emperor Xiaowen passed away and Tuoba Ke ascended the throne.
After Emperor Xuanwu ascended the throne, he officially abolished the system of "son and mother die", which was also considered a good thing. There are three reasons why he abolished the death system of son Gui's mother.
1. Emperor Xuanwu Tuoba Ke himself likes Buddhism very much. He personally preaches Buddhist scriptures in the palace every year, summons monks to make clear the meaning. The monk recorded these activities in the book and wrote "Daily in the Inner".
As the saying goes, "If you have something to do with the superiors, you will definitely be more serious." Emperor Xuanwu's admiration for Buddhism has made the officials and people below believe in Buddhism more deeply. Because Emperor Xuanwu Tuoba Ke believed in Buddhism and was unwilling to kill, he officially abolished the system of his son and mother dying, so that the Empress Xuanwuling would be alive.
2. The Northern Wei Dynasty inherited from the Tuoba Ke period of Emperor Xuanwu. As Emperor Xiaowen, the father of Emperor Xuanwu, Tuoba Hong, carried out political reforms and learned Han culture, the Xianbei people gradually became sinicized and began to accept Confucianism . He began to oppose the "son and mother's death system".
3. Under the threat of the ancestral system of "the son is precious and the mother dies", the concubines in Tuoba Ke's harem prayed not to get pregnant. If you are unfortunately pregnant, you also hope to give birth to a princess. If you are unfortunate enough to give birth to a baby boy, you can only pray for more blessings and pray that this baby boy will not be made the prince.
"In the pepper trunk, the old country system is used to pray for blessings to each other, and they all wish to give birth to kings and princesses, but they do not wish to give birth to princes."
Therefore, the phenomenon of abortion and miscarriage in the palace often occurs, which directly led to Tuoba Ke facing the political crisis of the last generation. Later, Hu risked the possibility of being sentenced to death in the future and gave birth to Tuoba Yuanxu, the only child of Tuoba Ke.
Emperor Xuanwu Tuoba Ke deeply realized through this incident that the Northern Wei Dynasty might really be extinct in the future. He finally decided to violate the ancestral system and abolish the system of "son and mother die".
Yanchang In 515 AD, Emperor Xuanwu Tuoba Ke died in Shiqian Hall at the age of 33. His temple name was Shizong . His posthumous title was Emperor Xuanwu and he was buried in Jingling .
"Son and Mother Die" system began in 409 AD, the sixth year of Tianci in the Northern Wei Dynasty and continued until it was abolished in 512 AD. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, seven generations of emperors were inherited, and a total of 103 years have passed.
Strangely, the Northern Wei Dynasty has been strong and the regime has been stable for more than a hundred years after the implementation of the system of "son is precious and mother dies". However, coincidentally, once the system was abolished, the national strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty declined from prosperity, and eventually split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei due to rebellion, and finally destroyed the country.
After Emperor Xuanwu Tuoba Ke abolished the "son and mother died" system, Hu as the first survivor of the system. After Tuoba Yuanxu succeeded to the throne and became Emperor Xiaoming, Hu became the first empress dowager in Northern Wei history to be the first empress dowager to be the dynasty as her biological mother. The powerful Empress Dowager Hu is abusing power and chaotic government and promiscuous harem.
How did the wet nurse Bao Dude, the emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty, come into being?
The origin of "Empress Dowager Bao"
Portrait of Emperor Taiwu
Northern Wei Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao was the third emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He invented a title, which is "Empress Dowager Bao". The Empress Dowager Bao was a unique political phenomenon in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The Queen Mother Bao is the Queen Mother Nanny. Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao named his nanny (wet nurse) Dou as the Empress Dowager, and Empress Dowager Bao was a title.
Appointing the nanny as the empress dowager. In history, only the Northern Wei Dynasty had a precedent for the title of its own wet nurse as the empress dowager.
Special historical background
All the empresses of the Northern Wei Dynasty are the stepmothers of the crown prince. They are not biological mother-son relationships, so the relationship between the empress and the crown prince is generally very bad. The prince's biological mother had already been sentenced to death according to the system of "establishing a son and killing a mother" while appointing his son as the prince.
Because some princes are still young, they lose their biological mother and need a nurse to take care of their daily life. Therefore, the prince prefers to be close to his own wet nurse. Once the prince succeeds to the throne and becomes emperor, the status of the wet nurse becomes noble, and the matter of honoring the wet nurse as the empress dowager.
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were two empress dowagers,
Under the wet nurse of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei: Empress Dowager Hui Dou family, honored the Empress Dowager.
The wet nurse of Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei Tuoba Jun: Empress Dowager Zhao Chang, honored as the Empress Dowager.
The first Empress Dowager Bao in history
Empress Dowager Hui Dou's
In ancient Chinese history, the first woman to become the Empress Dowager as a nanny was Dou. She also has an unprecedented title of "Empress Dowager Bao".
The wet nurse of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei Tuoba Tao
The empress dowager Hui Dou family, she is the wet nurse of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei Tuoba Tao.
Dou initially entered the palace as a criminal and became a slave with his two daughters. Because she has good character and knows how to advance and retreat, she was appreciated by Taizu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and ordered her to be the wet nurse of the eldest son of Tuoba Tao, and to take care of the little prince's daily life.
Dou is kind-hearted and treats Tuoba Tao as his own son and is good at educating him, making Tuoba Tao filial to him like his biological mother and son.
After Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao ascended the throne, his wet nurse Dou was named Empress Dowager Bao. The nanny is the Queen Mother, and this name is the Queen Mother.
Recognized the embryo mother Dou as the empress dowager
In 432 AD, Emperor Taiwu granted Dou, who was already the Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager, and appointed Dou's younger brother Dou Lutou as the King of Liaodong. From Empress Dowager Bao to Empress Dowager, Dou has become a regular member.
Regularly speaking, people with low status will become more powerful once they have power, but Dou did not. After becoming the Empress Dowager, Dou still maintained her former kindness and was not arrogant at all.
Empress Dowager Dou is quiet and simple, and she manages the harem very well. She promotes people's goodness and hides people's faults. Therefore, she is very well-known in the harem. Dou is not only kind, but also talented. In June 436 AD, Emperor Taiwu personally led his troops to fight against Northern Liang. In September of the same year, Rouran Khan Wu Ti took advantage of the opportunity to invade the Northern Wei border. Empress Dowager Dou ordered all the generals to lead their troops to repel the enemy.
Dou's death
In July 440 AD, Empress Dowager Dou died of illness in the palace at the age of 63. Being able to live to this lifespan was considered a long life in ancient times. Tuoba Tao personally gave the posthumous title: Hui, which was called Empress Dowager Hui in history, and was buried in Dongshan after his death.
Empress Dowager Hui’s Mount Dou’s burial place
Empress Dowager Dou’s burial place was determined by Dou’s will during his lifetime. Empress Dowager Dou once climbed Mount Gan and said to her nearby servants: I raise the ancestor of Shinto, respect the gods and love others. If my soul still exists after death, I should not become a ghost.
But there was no seat in the system of the First Dynasty, so I must not build a garden and mausoleum against the etiquette after I die. As for this mountain, it can be used to bury me.
Therefore, Empress Dowager Dou was buried in Mount Wan, and a temple was erected in Mount Wan, and a monument was built to praise virtues.
The Mongol Mausoleum of Empress Dowager Dou is located in the Han Tomb Group of Fanwang Temple in the southwest of Shuozhou, Shanxi Province. The specific location is Mazhuang Village, Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province.
The wet nurse of Tuoba Jun, Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei,
The wet nurse of Northern Wei, Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei,
The empress dowager Chang, she is the wet nurse of Tuoba Jun, Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei.
Chang was from western Liao Dynasty. From 435 AD to mid-440 AD, Chang was a servant in the palace.
Empress Dowager Zhao
In the first year of Zhenjun, Princess Jing Mugong Yu Jiuma gave birth to Tuoba Jun in the prince's uterus. Emperor Taiwu of Shizu selected Chang as a wet nurse from the many maids in the palace.
Chang is a very kind and law-abiding woman. She takes good care of Emperor Gaozong. In the complex palace life and political struggles, she protected Tuoba Jun well.
After Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun ascended the throne, he posthumously named his deceased biological mother as Empress Gong and his wet mother Chang as Empress Dowager Bao.
Reputation of the wet mother Chang as the empress dowager
Chang is kind and kind, and he was kind to raise Emperor Gaozong Tuoba Jun. Therefore, after Emperor Gaozong Wencheng Tuoba Jun ascended the throne, he first respected Chang as the Empress Dowager, and later changed the title of Empress Dowager.
Chang's death
In the first year of Heping, Empress Dowager Chang died in Shou'an Palace. After the death of Chang, Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun ordered the world to cry for three days, and personally gave the posthumous title of "Zhao" to the wet nurse Chang's posthumous title, which is called "Zhao". Historical name: Empress Dowager Zhao was buried in Mingji Mountain, Guangning, Guangning, after her death, and the mausoleum is located in the mountainous area northwest of Xuanhua County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province.
Empress Dowager Zhao Chang's cliffhanger
According to Empress Dowager Chang's last wish during her lifetime, she buried her in Mozhishan, Guangning, and set up a temple in the form of Empress Dowager Hui in the previous dynasty. She also set up 200 households guarding the tombs, erecting stone tablets to praise her merits.
The Chang family was born into a civilian family, and then entered the palace and became a slave. The accidental opportunity reversed her life trajectory and jumped from a nanny to an empress dowager. She reached the glorious peak of the profession of wet nurse.
"Son and mother die" system inherited the seven generations of emperors in the Northern Wei Dynasty. After 103 years, it witnessed the rise and fall of Tuoba Xianbei . The strong women of the nomadic people of the Northern Wei Dynasty have been emerging one after another. In order to avoid the chaos of the government, such regulations appearing above the Northern Wei Dynasty's dynasty is inevitable for historical development.
