In today's society, the Internet has become an emerging communication tool in the information age, allowing us to receive massive amounts of information anytime and anywhere. The streets and alleys were full of couriers who were speeding past, and they delivered their belongings to ordinary people in a dusty manner. The past has lasted thousands of years, " Mile Eyes " and " Shunfeng Ears " were once our unattainable dreams; even an ordinary letter to home is difficult to arrive day and night, so there is a saying that "the war is fired for three months, and the letter to home is worth ten thousand gold."
Meeting immediately without paper and pen, and you will report your safety according to your slogan. In addition to verbally conveying information, the common people in ancient my country mainly conveyed information through letters. The letters sent by flying pigeons, the letters sent by wild geese, and the ruler of fish are all synonyms for the letters sent by ancient times. According to the different materials written, the letter also has names such as "letter", "letter", "note", "simple", "slip", and "slip calf". This issue talks about ancient rituals and discusses the communication methods and communication customs of the ancients in detail.
Fenghuo & Feige Communication
"Fenghuo" is a communication method used in ancient my country to convey frontier military intelligence. It began in Shang and Zhou , and extended to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has been used to each other for thousands of years, especially the Fenghuo organization of the Han Dynasty is the largest. At border military fortresses or traffic at high places, a high platform is built at a certain distance, commonly known as beacon tower , also known as beacon tower , pier, smoke pier, etc. There were garrisons on the platform waiting and found the enemy invading. During the day, firewood was burned with "burned smoke" and firewood was burned at night. One platform ignited the beacon smoke, and the neighboring platform saw it and raised fires one after another, passing them one after another, for a thousand miles to achieve the purpose of reporting the enemy situation, dispatching troops and generals, seeking reinforcements, and defeating the enemy. This is how the emperors of the beacons came from in history.
Feige Communication is also known as "Flying Pigeon Books". It has the same effect as the Hongyan Books. It is also a way to connect with ancient people. It ties the letters to the pigeon's feet and passes them to others. In ancient times, due to inconvenient communication, people took advantage of the advantages of pigeons flying faster and being able to identify directions to domesticate and deliver letters. In 5th Wang Renyu's " Kaiyuan Tianbao Left Stories " records: " Zhang Jiuling When he was a teenager, he raised a flock of pigeons at home. Whenever he contacted his relatives and relatives, he only used the book to tie the pigeons' feet and flew to him according to the teachings. Jiuling was a flying slave, and everyone at that time was surprised." It can be seen that the flying pigeons' letters were very popular at that time. Until the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the pigeons' letters had always played an important role in people's communication life.
Kite & Post Communication
Kite Communication in ancient times was an emergency communication tool and played an important role. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the skilled craftsman of Lu State had imitated the shape of a bird, "cut bamboo and wood to think it is a magpies, and it will fly for three days." This kind of "wood magpies" made of bamboo and wood as a material is the predecessor of the kite. The original kite was made for military needs, and its main purpose was to serve as military reconnaissance, convey information and military intelligence. After , after in the Tang Dynasty, kites gradually became a kind of entertainment toy and spread among the people.
Postman As people who passed government documents in ancient times, he was generally called "postman" and "postman", which is the modern postman. Once the document contains the words "Flying now" on it, it is an urgent document of 800 miles. This must be taken seriously. Postmen must ride fast horses and pass them at a speed of 400 to 800 miles a day to ensure that emergency documents arrive at the destination safely and quickly. Zhouchao has Postal to deliver military intelligence. At , a post was set up every thirty miles in the Han Dynasty, and the Taiwei was in charge. Tang Dynasty Post offices are located all over the country, divided into three types: land offices, water offices and water offices, and water offices. The post offices have post houses. The central government is under the jurisdiction of the doctor of the Ministry of War, and the county magistrates also manage post affairs. In Shen Kuo 's "Mengxi Bitan" records: "There were three types of stairs, horses, and urgent delivery. The urgent delivery was the most rapid. Traveling for 400 miles a day, only the army used it." By the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the central government strengthened the construction of post stations, making the system of post stations more perfect.
Bamboo Tube Passing & Fish Tube Passing Ruler
Bamboo Tube Passing is to place the written letter in the bamboo tube, and then place the bamboo tube in the river to let it flow down the flow. The earliest record of the bamboo tube transmission was in the eleventh year of Kaihuang by Emperor Wen of Su. Yang Su's marching commander was unable to contact the large army due to traffic impediments and poor information. So I put the written war report into a section of bamboo , sealed it and put it in the water, and let it drift down. Finally, he was lucky enough to be discovered and reported to Yang Su, and Yang Su learned about Shi Wansu. The bamboo tube letter was also used by later generations.
Fish passes the ruler, first from the ancient Yuefu "Drinking Horses and the Great Wall Caves" "The guest came from afar and left me with two carp carp . I cooked carp, and there was a ruler in it." Ancient books were written in silk, and silk was usually one foot long and became ruler. In ancient times, the boats and chariots were exhausted and the letters were easily damaged. The ancients put the letters into fish-shaped letters, which were beautiful and easy to carry. This is why the name "Yu Chuan Chi Su" comes from. Now, "Fish passes to the ruler" is an idiom, which refers to the transmission of letters.
Blue Bird & Yellow Ear Pass
Blue Bird in the "Blue Bird Pass" in the ancient strange book " Mountains and Seas ", there are threeBlue Birds, which are the followers and messengers of the Queen Mother of the West. They can fly across thousands of mountains and rivers to convey information, convey the good news of auspiciousness, happiness and happiness to the world, and are the messengers between heaven and earth. Legend has it that when Emperor Wu of Han was fasting in Chenghua Palace, a green bird flew from the west and stopped in front of the palace. Emperor Wu of Han asked Dongfang Shuo the reason. Dongfang Shuo replied, "This is the Queen Mother of the West coming." Soon, Queen Mother of the West really arrived here. There are two blue birds that look like phoenixes, standing on both sides of the Queen Mother of the West. Later, people used "blue bird" to refer to the messenger or the person who conveyed letters, and later became a allusion for cultural people, also known as "green bird", "green bird", "green bird", "green bird messenger", etc. "There are no more ways to go here in Pengshan, and the blue bird is diligent in exploring it." This is the poem " Untitled " by the famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin. With the help of the allusion of "Blue Bird Passing a Letter", he expresses his hope of communicating and meeting his relatives. Now this allusion has become a terrible sound. The electronic communication of high-speed rail in the airplane has brought people closer, and it also reduces the torture of waiting for the night in ancient times.
"Why should I send letters from my family? Huang Er Ding is my ancestor." The allusions of Huang Er's passing on the letters are recorded in " Jin Shu " and "Shu Yi Ji". "Book of Jin: Biography of Lu Ji": "I first Ji had a handsome dog named Huang Er, and I loved it very much. After that, I was trapped in the capital and had no home for a long time... Ji wrote a book with a bamboo tube and tied his neck. The dog found a way south, so he went to his house and returned to Luoyang. Later, he thought it was normal." It tells the story of Lu Ji's fast dog named Huang Er. This dog is not a horse, but it can also "rush" three hundred miles to deliver letters to the owner. Later, Huang Er's story became a frequent visitor in poetry. Qing Dynasty Famous business group Dashengkui Opening a semicolon bank in Chahar. Due to insufficient reserves, it faces the risk of bankruptcy. The merchant dog ran to deliver a letter to rescue the emergency, solving the urgent problem for the owner.
Ancient communication etiquette
History is a mirror, to learn from the past and learn from the present, and to learn from history wisely. While we understand the communication methods of ancient people, we are also a review of traditional etiquette. In ancient times, people often used the principle of "being humble and respecting others" and used various etiquettes to reflect it. For example, communications such as letters reflect the implicit and emotional side of the ancients. They appealed to their witty pens and asked them to post offices, and also revealed etiquette between the lines, gentle and polite. Moreover, my country's letter history has a long history. During the Warring States Period, Le Yi's "Han Huiwang's Book " and Lu Zhonglian's "Han Jiang's Book" have all been famous works that have been passed down through the ages. However, before the Qin and Han dynasties, people still wrote letters at random. Until the Wei and Jin dynasties, some people began to write " Shuyi ", unifying the format of various letters for others to apply when writing letters. There were strict writing requirements such as status, headlines, branches, titles, and endings in letters.
For example, when writing "status" (the name of the recipient) should be written in the first line at the beginning, and the sender's signature is less than half of the letter paper in the whole letter; "head up" should be empty one space or another line for older believers to show respect; "branch" should avoid the disorderly paragraph statements, and each paragraph should be empty in front of each paragraph, and write in several paragraphs when describing different contents; "title" should stipulate different terms for different identities, such as using knees under and knees for parents, using honor front, respect for elders, respect for elders, front, Jun Jian, Shi You, for peers, use Taiqi, Dajian, Hui Jian, Tai You, for women, Yi Jian, Ci Jian, and for teachers, etc. Nowadays, it is generally no longer used, and comrades, gentlemen, etc. are often used as honorary titles. It is not a bad idea to add a good record, a Taiwanese record, and a gift record.
