Wanli 11th year, the Zhang family was investigated and a total of 18 people died. Why can a person be confiscated to death if he confiscates his house?
Logically speaking, isn’t the property that is being circulated? Because this time the house was searched, it was not the money, but the people.
Before the person who searched the house had arrived from Beijing to Jingzhou , the gate of Zhang's mansion had been sealed, and the most developed means of transportation in that era was horse.
When the person who searched the house arrived at the Zhang Mansion, seventeen people had starved to death, and the remaining person was Zhang Jingxiu, the eldest son of Zhang Juzheng . Why did Zhang Jingxiu die later? Because I was forced to do nothing.
The Zhang family's property has been swept away, but the person who searched the house spread rumors that he still had two million taels of silver. He used this as an excuse to torture the Zhang family members.
Zhang Jingxiu realized that if there was no news, the Zhang family would not know how many people would die.
Therefore, he chose to hang himself.
As expected, the house was confiscated and the person who died was Zhang Juzheng's eldest son Zhang Jingxiu. The impact was so bad that the house search was finally stopped.
But the losses of the Zhang family are irreversible, especially the mental blow.
If Yu Qian has recreated the Ming Dynasty , then Zhang Juzheng has prolonged his life against the ming Dynasty, but why did his fate be so miserable? After the death of Wanli in the tenth year, the family was liquidated in the eleventh year of Wanli?
has made great contributions to the Ming Dynasty
" Wanli Zhongxing " Although it is called "Wanli Zhongxing", it is actually "Zhang Juzheng Zhongxing". You should know that the Wanli revival only lasted ten years, and this ten years happened to be the emperor of Zhang Juzheng.
Because Wanli succeeded to the throne at the age of 11, he was too young and did not know how to deal with the government affairs at all. He could only hand over the government affairs to Zhang Juzheng, and Zhang Juzheng had been dealing with it for ten years.
It is precisely because of Wanli's support that Zhang Juzheng was able to implement his ambitions.
However, it should be noted that there are not only Wanli who supports Zhang Juzheng, but also two others. One of these two people is Wanli's mother Empress Dowager Li , and the other is Silijian Eunuch and East Factory Admiral eunuch Feng Bao (To a certain extent, Feng Bao was the most powerful eunuch in the Ming Dynasty. Because the previous Wang Zhen and Liu Jin were only the eunuch in the Silijian , and the next Wei Zhongxian was also just the eunuch in the East Factory, and he served as two most powerful eunuch in the eunuch).
Why do they support Zhang Juzheng? The reason why Empress Dowager Li supports Zhang Juzheng is very simple, that is, Zhang Juzheng is handsome (Zhang Juzheng is recognized as a handsome guy in the Ming Dynasty) and capable.
The reason why Feng Bao supported Zhang Juzheng is also very simple, because Zhang Juzheng is his ally, and the former chief assistant Gao Gong was the one he and Zhang Juzheng joined forces to step down.
At that time, the Ming Dynasty had a history of 205 years, and each unified dynasty lasted for no more than three hundred years. Why did this happen? Part of this is that the land becomes more concentrated as it goes in the later stages. If
is just concentrated, then forget it. After all, even if you concentrate, it is impossible to concentrate all of them.
What’s abominable thing is that they clearly own a large amount of land, but they refuse to pay a penny of land tax. Instead, they collude with the government and put the land tax on the people.
A commoner only has a few acres of thin land at home, but the government’s land tax list records 100 acres, even hundreds of acres, and thousands of acres. When it comes to paying taxes, how can it be paid? The people can only give up their land and become refugees or tenant farmers.
"If there is land but no cone, and the land is more than hectares of acres, there are land and roads but no stones are held." - "Ming Shu·Lotus and Acres"
The people are poor, and their ability to fight disasters will become weak. Once a locust plague, drought or flood breaks out, there will be no way out, and there will be only rebellion.
Zhang Juzheng's solution to this is to clear the land acres across the country, and pay as much land as the land tax as there is, and it is not enough to lose a penny.
Some people may think that clearing the land of Zhangzhang increases the country's tax revenue? What are the benefits for the people? It is nothing more than protecting some of the surviving people. If you think this way, you'd be a big mistake. Clearing the land of Zhangzhang is beneficial to the country and the people.
Because if the court has no money in the disaster, the land tax will still be collected, but if there is money, the land tax can be exempted. If you still can't survive, people can be sent from the court to provide relief to ensure the safety of the people.
00000000 The major problems of the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli period must be more than the fields. There is another common problem, that is administrative aging.
Zhang Juzheng's solution to this is " test method ".
The so-called test method is similar to the existing assessment system. In addition to Zhang Juzheng, both the officials under supervision and the officials under supervision are included.
has a certain time to complete every thing. If this time exceeds this time, it will be punished, and this penalty is real.
In the first year of the promulgation of the law, hundreds of officials were punished, most of whom were suspended from paying wages, and the remaining part was terrible, either demoted or expelled.
The most terrifying thing is that in the fifth year of Wanli, fifty officials were forcibly fired at one time.
Due to Zhang Juzheng's examination, this nearly decayed machine in the Ming Dynasty roared again. Even the number one figure in the literary world at that time, the legendary Wang Shizhen , who was the author of "Jin Ping Mei", gave affirmation:
"Order No. 1, thousands of miles away, followed in the evening. Like a thunder and a swift wind, everything is invincible."
If you want to talk about the reform that benefits the most from the people, it must be " One Whip Method ".
Before Zhang Juzheng, although the one-whip method had been implemented in some regions, it could not be spread across the country. And by the time of Zhang Juzheng, the whip method was finally able to be rolled out across the country.
The people of the feudal dynasty mainly paid three types of taxes. The first type is land tax, the second type is head tax , and the third type is corvee service.
Field tax and poll tax are all paid in vain. Even if officials want to embezzle, there is no possibility of embezzlement. After all, when paying taxes, it is not one-on-one, but a lot of them. The amount you pay is as much as you pay, but the service is different.
Corvée is equivalent to working for the country for nothing, and this work is still regular, basically every winter, and the main work is to build roads, rivers, and city walls. Everyone has a fixed quota. If
is done and the official said he did not do it, what should I do? Smoothing cold, because there is no way.
It is precisely because of this that some officials will take this opportunity to exploit the people, and the people can only suffer. It’s okay to just work voluntarily, but you still have to pay for it.
The one-whip rule is to combine all three taxes into silver, which greatly reduces the people's fear of talking about corvee labor.
After Zhang Juzheng's general tossing, the Ming Dynasty regained its vitality. In the future, Wanli will not attend court for 30 years, and the "Three Major Conquests of Wanli" broke out, but the national treasury did not have any problems. The main reason is that Zhang Juzheng has built his family.
"Strive to make a prosperous country, the grain in Taicang can be used for ten years, and the funding of the temple reached more than four million." - " Chronicles of Ming History "
The crisis has been secretly buried in the fifth year of Wanli. In the fifth year of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng's father Zhang Wenming passed away. According to regulations, he had to go home to mourn for three years.
You should know that at this time he only fully implemented the examination method, and the Qingzhangtianmu was only launched the year before, and the One Whip method has not been implemented nationwide.
People died and political recession Zhang Juzheng understood the principle that if he went home to mourn, all his previous efforts would be wasted, so he would never go back.
This is his opinion, and it is also the opinion of Empress Dowager Li, Feng Bao and Wanli. Since that's the case, there is only one way left - " wins love ".
The so-called robbery of love means that the burden on one's body is too heavy and the court cannot do without it. It can only be wronged by the father and hand over the task of filial piety to other relatives, such as the son.
But there must be a prerequisite, that is, the emperor agrees. Looking at the entire Ming Dynasty, the officials who the emperor agreed to seize love could count with one hand.
Because in the feudal dynasty that governed the world with filial piety, observing filial piety was a very serious matter. If it were not forbidden, the emperor would never have kept it.
Zhang Juzheng originally thought that no one dared to stand up with his power to oppose his seizure of love. This is true. Cabinet officials and officials from the six ministries all supported him in seizure of love.
However, Hanlin Academy edited Wu Zhongxing , reviewed Zhao Yongxian , but wrote a letter to oppose him taking love. In less than three days, the Ministry of Justice's official, Aimu, and the head of the Ministry of Justice, also wrote a letter to oppose his love, which was obviously agreed.
Zhang Juzheng will never show mercy to the opponents. Wu Zhongxing and Zhao Yongxian were beaten with sixty court sticks , while Ai Mu and Shen Sixiao were beaten with eighty stumblings respectively.
Before the court, officials went to Zhang Juzheng's home one by one to plead with mercy, and even the Minister of Rites who had previously supported Zhang Juzheng's love was among them.
Zhang Juzheng was forced to kneel in front of them, begging them to let him go and find the emperor if he has something to do, because the order to the court stick was issued by Zhang Juzheng through Wanli's hand.
Wu Zhongxing, Zhao Yongxian, Ai Mu, and Shen Sixiao are not censors, this is a very abnormal thing.
You should know that impeachment has always been the expertise of censors, but this time there was no censor. If anyone was behind the scenes, no one believed it.
is obvious. They are the people who support Wu Zhongxing, Zhao Yongxian, Ai Mu and Shen Sixiao. They just dare not come forward in person in order to avoid suspicion. Zhang Juzheng was also aware of this.
This is what they refer to the ministers who come to plead for mercy.
It is worth mentioning that among the four leading birds Wu Zhongxing, Zhao Yongxian, Ai Mu, and Shen Sixiao who opposed Zhang Juzheng, two of them were Zhang Juzheng's students, namely Wu Zhongxing and Zhao Yongxian.
You should know that in the Ming Dynasty, except for Zhang Juzheng, there was no precedent for teachers to be impeached by students. After all, no matter when students scold teachers, neither side will benefit.
Students will be despised by others when scolding teachers, and teachers will be embarrassed when scolded by students, because even your students will be scolded by you. What kind of face do you have to keep going?
Zhang Juzheng faced this situation at that time.
No wonder he was moved. He was not even as good as Yan Song, the largest treacherous minister of the Ming Dynasty, because although Yan Song did everything he did, he had never impeached his fellow villagers, let alone students.
"When Yan Fenyi (Yan Song), there were no fellow villagers attackers, so I couldn't score the right score." - "History of Ming Dynasty·Biography of Aimu"
Is it really so rebellious to take love? Before Zhang Juzheng, both Yang Rong and Li Xian had robbed love, but the reactions of the ministers were not as intense as Zhang Juzheng this time, and it can even be said that there was no reaction.
After all, the order was given by the emperor. Could it be that I went to the emperor to reason with it? Besides, they are all in high positions and powerful, so they will definitely not have any good results if they offend them. Why does this differentiated treatment happen in
? Because the ministers' goal is not Zhang Juzheng to seize love, but Zhang Juzheng, because he has touched the interests of all officials.
Why? Because of his clearing of land, exam-based method, and one-whip method,
clearing of land, causing landlords and gentry to no longer evade taxes (in that era when studying required cost, most of the officials were born as landlords and gentry). The examination method has led to officials being unable to be lazy at will. The one-whip rule has caused officials to no longer be able to savor the people.
If he is in one day, the officials will be uncomfortable for a day. Although they open their mouths of morality and righteousness and shut up, they always think about their own interests. What does the people in the world have to do with them?
You can imagine how difficult Zhang Juzheng was at that time. He must have thought that once he died, he would be collectively counterattacked by officials, but he did not stop, but persisted at work until he died.
Because he has the last layer of guarantee, that is Wanli. After all, if Wanli, as the emperor, doesn't speak, no one can touch him.
However, why should Zhang Juzheng believe that Wanli can protect him? Because he was Wanli's teacher, Zhang Juzheng, who taught Wanli for ten years.
Zhang Juzheng did not expect that his last layer of guarantee would later become a member of the counterattack.
Mistakes
Zhang Juzheng, as the number one politician of the Ming Dynasty, cultivated Wanli was definitely not just thinking about cultivating Wanli into a qualified emperor, but thinking about cultivating Wanli into an emperor of the ages.
Therefore, he is not very strict with Wanli, but this also corresponds to the old saying, strict teachers produce high disciples.
Since ancient times, the tyrant monarchs have all had one common characteristic, that is, extravagance and waste.
In order to completely kill this bad habit, Zhang Juzheng taught Wanli since childhood that he must be thrifty and thrifty. Even if he had to place a few more tables in the New Year of Wanli, he was stopped by Zhang Juzheng.
When class was in class, Zhang Juzheng was so strict with Wanli, so strict with him that he would not regard Wanli as the emperor.
Once, Wanli read "colorful and erect" in "The Analects of Confucius" as "colorful and erect". As a result, Zhang Juzheng shouted directly at Wanli. The word "pure" was pronounced "pure", which scared Wanli.
Zhang Juzheng did not expect that he treated Wanli wholeheartedly, but Wanli's hatred for him became deeper and deeper day by day, because his educational behavior had surpassed the duties of the monarch and his subjects.
No matter how Wanli is, he is still an emperor, no matter how he is, he is a minister. Where is his turn to take charge of the emperor?
The most important thing is that Wanli succeeded to the throne at the age of 11. By the time Zhang Juzheng died, Wanli was already in his early twenties. According to regulations, at the age of 16, he was already qualified to take charge of the rule.
But Zhang Juzheng has been sitting in the position of the prime minister and refuses to move. It is obviously robbing his power, but he has no choice. After all, Empress Dowager Li is supporting Zhang Juzheng.
Zhang Juzheng's identity in Wanli's heart gradually changed from a teacher to a power-seizing person, and the emperor's revenge on the power-seizing person was quite tragic, such as the later Shunzhi versus Dorgon .
Before the ministers could take action, Wanli had already taken action and sent Zhang Juzheng's best friend Feng Bao to Xiaoling. The meaning is very clear, that is, I have driven away Zhang Juzheng’s best friend. If you want to do it, you will get on it quickly, which will lead to the tragedy of the Zhang family later.
Some people may be curious why Empress Dowager Li did not come out to stop Wanli? In fact, to put it bluntly, in Empress Dowager Li's opinion, Zhang Juzheng is just a slave.
At that time, his son Lu Wang was about to get married, and Zhang Juzheng's position has been in office for ten years. In everyone's opinion, the amount of property must be an amazing number. If Zhang Juzheng's home is confiscated, then Lu Wang's wedding will not have to be paid by himself.
No matter how much Empress Dowager Li thought, Zhang Juzheng's property was only tens of thousands of taels of gold and tens of thousands of taels of silver, which was equivalent to one-twentieth of Yan Song. It was far from enough to hold the wedding of King Lu.
Why does Zhang Juzheng have so little property? Because he spent most of his time on the country, he was in the mood to embezzle and accept bribes.
Zhang Ju was about to die, and Wanli promised him that he would treat his descendants well, but in the end he treated them like this. I believe that if Zhang Juzheng was in the spirit of heaven, he would definitely be very disappointed. If he could see Zhang Juzheng a hundred years later, I wonder if he would be able to raise his head and face Zhang Juzheng. Zhang Juzheng was liquidated, and his policies will definitely not be implemented again. His worries during his lifetime finally became a reality.
