1,
Soong Ching Ling is definitely the most powerful woman in modern times.
As Mr. Sun Yat-sen's wife, Soong Ching Ling was the mother of the Republic of China. As a revolutionary, Soong Ching Ling participated in the creation of a new China and served as honorary president of the country in his later years. It is rare in ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad, to run through troubled times and achieve such great achievements.
But why can she achieve such a great achievement? Most of the information doesn’t say much. Today, let’s talk about the amazingness of Soong Ching Ling from the perspective of the secret front.
Sun Yat-sen's revolution has not improved for most of his life, and he was called "Sun Dapao" because of his advanced thoughts. However, in the last few years of his life, Sun Yat-sen created the general trend of the revolution of the National People's Republic of China, opening a new stage in the history of the Republic of China. The fundamental reason is the "three major policies":
Unional alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party, and assistance to farmers and workers.
The three major policies are Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary methodology and Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary line. So before Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, one of the three wills was "Suicide Letter to the Soviet Union":
"I have ordered the Kuomintang to continue to support you forever. I firmly believe that your government will continue to provide assistance to our country in the past. At that time, the Soviet Union was pleased to welcome a strong and independent China with good friends and allies. The two countries worked together to achieve victory in the war of fighting for freedom of oppressed nations in the world."
It can be said that Sun Yat-sen hopes to use the Communist Party to assist the Kuomintang, use the Soviet Union to resist the United States, Japan and Europe and other powers, and establish a new China with the Kuomintang as the main, the Communist Party as the supplement, and one-sided towards the Soviet Union in the future.
Soong Ching Ling, who accompanied Sun Yat-sen's revolution, witnessed the success of the "three major policies". In addition, she was Sun Yat-sen's wife, and her relationship was beyond the ordinary people. Therefore, after Sun Yat-sen's death, Soong Ching Ling became the guardian and heir of the "three major policies".
But things change too quickly.
With the success of the Kuomintang-Communist Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup in April 1927, bloody purged the left and Communist Party members of the Kuomintang, and united with the right-wingers of the Kuomintang, Jiangsu and Zhejiang chaebols, landlords, warlords and other mobs, threw themselves into the arms of Britain and the United States, and established the comprador , which is of nature, Nanjing National Government .
This is a betrayal of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary line. As the guardian and heir of Sun Yat-sen's legacy, Soong Ching-ling immediately published an article in the newspaper, denying Chiang Kai-shek astray and breaking with Chiang Kai-shek.
However, Soong Ching Ling was too young at that time and had some immature views on the revolution.
She believed that the Kuomintang was too conservative after the coup and the Communist Party’s policies were too radical, so Soong Ching Ling, Tan Pingshan, Deng Yanda and others were preparing to establish a "third party" independent of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, relying on the support of the Soviet Union, and use correct and easing means to transform China.
In September 1927, Soong Ching Ling went to Moscow to start implementing the "third party".
But they obviously underestimated the position of Stalin .
As the leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin must first consider the interests of the Soviet Union. If the Soviet Union wants to maximize its interests in China, it is to support a stable and obedient government, serve as a geopolitical buffer zone for the Soviet Union, block the offensive between Japan and the United States, and protect the Soviet Union's Asian border.
Stalin believes that none of China's parties can complete this task, only Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing National Government can.
Under such a background, it is not in the interests of the Soviet Union to establish a third party independent of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
So Stalin refused to support the claims of Soong Ching Ling, Deng Yanda and others, saying that the so-called third party was Menshevik and Chiang Kai-shek's taming tool. Because they thought the Communist Party's revolutionary policy was too radical, Xiang Zhongfa also attacked them in Moscow.
was attacked by the left and right factions and did not receive support from the Soviet Union. Soong Ching Ling and others' action to establish a third party was soon aborted, and their core personnel were marginalized and even under strict surveillance.
After this tossing, Soong Ching Ling has completely matured.
In early 1928, when Deng Yanda, Tan Pingshan and others established the third party named "The Revolutionary Party of China", Soong Ching Ling, who was still abroad, knew:
"This group has little hope, because it has to fight against Nanjing, Beijing and the Communist Party."
In a word, it makes too many enemies and cannot unite the majority of the forces.
Recognizing this, Soong Ching Ling completed a gorgeous turn.
He wanted to inherit Sun Yat-sen's " alliance with Russia and Communist Party " line and did not agree with the comprador surrender line of the right-wing Kuomintang. Then in the world, in which either capital or society or the country or the communist country or the communist country, decided to stand with the Soviet Union, the Communist International, and the Communist Party of China and follow the socialist revolutionary line.
This time, the turnaround laid the foundation for Soong Ching Ling's lifelong achievements, and this achievement belongs entirely to Soong Ching Ling's personal self. The identity of Mrs. Sun Yat-sen is just the icing on the cake.
2.
In April 1931, Gu Shunzhang, an important leader of the Central Special Correspondence Department, was arrested, and immediately betrayed the revolution, resulting in the complete destruction of the underground party in Shanghai and many revolutionary backbones were arrested and killed.
Comintern also has an intelligence agency in Shanghai, and it has a close ties with the underground party in Shanghai. It not only provides $25,000 in funding every year, but is also responsible for passing Moscow's instructions and guiding the process of the Chinese revolution.
As an important leader of the Central Special Branch, Gu Shunzhang was very familiar with the Intelligence Bureau of the Communist International. So after the rebellion, he confessed to the Kuomintang that the head of the Intelligence Bureau of the Communist International - Niulan and his wife.
got the address provided by Gu Shunzhang, and the Kuomintang spies immediately arrested Niulan and his wife.
news reached Moscow, and the Communist International was in a frenzy.
As the head of the Intelligence Bureau, Niulan and his wife are in charge of the Communist International's intelligence system in East Asia, hiding a large number of unknown secret intelligence, top-secret documents, and activity funds. is a person who affects the whole body.
Once the Niulan and his wife could not withstand severe torture and rebelled against the revolution like Gu Shunzhang, the East Asian intelligence system of the Communist International will be paralyzed, many people will die, and many things will be ruined. Moreover, the Communist International will not be able to rebuild the intelligence system in a short time, so it will lose guidance to the Communist Party of various countries.
Comintern is very anxious and orders to rescue Niulan and his wife at all costs.
However, the head of the Intelligence Bureau was arrested, so the power of the intelligence system could not be fully mobilized. Red agent Zorge tried his best to get a note that Niu Lan and his wife reported their safety, indicating that we did not sacrifice or rebellion, please rest assured.
As for how to rescue it, Zorge has no choice.
Comintern thought that Chiang Kai-shek's eldest son Chiang Ching-kuo was studying in the Soviet Union, so he wanted to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek and exchange Chiang Ching-kuo for Niulan and his wife.
The only question is how to contact Chiang Kai-shek?
Just like that, the Communist International remembered Soong Ching Ling.
Soong Ching Ling is Sun Yat-sen's wife. She has a respected status in China and has a wide connection. Chiang Kai-shek, who married Soong Mei-ling, was Soong Ching Ling's brother-in-law. Soong Ching Ling is inclined to revolution and is a politically trustworthy person.
So the Communist International decided to ask Soong Ching Ling to rescue Niulan and his wife. When the Communist International talked with Soong Ching Ling, Soong Ching Ling requested to join the Communist Party.
Judging from the various subsequent events, Soong Ching Ling was very likely to be a party member in 1931, but she was not a member of the Communist Party of China, but an international party member of the Communist International.
The former international party member of China was Li Dazhao.
At that time, the Communist Party of all countries was the branch of the Communist International, and international party members could bypass the central government of a country and directly contact the Communist International. In the turbulent era of international communist , it can be said that the status was very high and much more important than local party members.
This is Soong Ching Ling's status in the early 1930s.
obtained the status of an international party member. In August 1931, Soong Ching Ling returned to Shanghai to attend the funeral for his mother. After preparation, she started working.
Political and economic celebrities from various countries sent telegrams to Soong Ching Ling almost at the same time, asking her to rescue Niulan and his wife, and forming a rescue committee with Smedley as the secretary.
Soong Ching-ling used this as a reason to negotiate with his brother-in-law Chiang Kai-shek and proposed to exchange Chiang Ching-kuo for Niulan and his wife.
, we can basically conclude that those political and economic celebrities who speak out have a close relationship with the Communist International. American journalist Smedley has been confirmed to be a Communist International intelligence personnel trained by Zorge.
Hearing Soong Ching Ling's conditions, Chiang Kai-shek immediately understood:
The Nanjing National Government seized Niu Lan and his wife, and the Soviet government could also seize Chiang Ching-kuo at any time. If Niu Lan and his wife died, it would not take long, Chiang Ching-kuo would also die in an accident.
Jiang Ching-kuo is very important, and it is also important to crack the Communist International’s intelligence network. How to make a decision?
When facing similar choices, Stalin was unwilling to exchange German prisoners for his son. The teacher sent Mao Anying to North Korea where life and death were uncertain. However, Chiang Kai-shek was a fake revolutionary and did not have such a high awareness. He was neither willing to sacrifice Chiang Ching-kuo nor release Niulan and his wife.
To the end, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Niu Lan and his wife to be exempted from the death penalty and changed to life imprisonment. Niulan and his wife knew that they didn't have to die, so there was no need to betray the Communist International for a way out.
Chiang Kai-shek gave himself a step forward and the Communist International a step forward, and both sides got satisfactory results.
The rescue of Niulan and his wife was basically successful, and the Communist International also saw Soong Ching Ling's ability and gradually handed over Shanghai's intelligence work and funds to Soong Ching Ling.
From then on, Soong Ching Ling, who had intelligence and funds, became a secret front boss who was directly responsible to the Communist International and assisted the Chinese revolution.
Liao Chengzhi recalled something.
In May 1933, Soong Ching Ling visited Liao Chengzhi's house, chatted and laughed with He Xiangning for a while, and then looked for an opportunity to say to Liao Chengzhi alone: "I came on behalf of the highest aspect."
The so-called highest aspect refers to the Communist International. On behalf of the Communist International, Soong Ching Ling asked Liao Chengzhi whether Shanghai's secret work could be persisted and the list of traitors within the Chinese party.
Liao Chengzhi said that Shanghai could not hold on to the secret work, which was a reply to the Communist International, and then wrote down the entire list of the traitors in ten minutes.
Ten minutes later, Soong Ching Ling put out the tobacco of a cigarette, rolled up the list written by Liao Chengzhi and stuffed it in, then put the cigarette in the backpack, and Soong Ching Ling went out.
The whole process is clean and neat, without any drag.
Soong Ching Ling's style of doing secret work left a deep impression on Liao Chengzhi, and he was impressed by it when he recalled it in the 1980s.
3.
If you understand Soong Ching Ling's status, you will be able to understand many things in the 1930s.
In 1932, Chen Duxiu was arrested and Soong Ching Ling mobilized celebrities to rescue him.
In 1933, Chen Geng was arrested and Soong Ching Ling organized a rescue.
In 1936, Lu Xun was seriously ill, and Soong Ching Ling wrote a letter to persuade him to be hospitalized for treatment:
"Your life is not your personal, but belongs to the Chinese and Chinese revolution. You have the need to preserve and cherish your body. Because China needs you, the revolution needs you."
If you don't know Soong Ching Ling's true identity, you will only feel that Soong Ching Ling is a patriotic person who is famous by Sun Yat-sen. If you know her true identity and look at these things, you will know that this is her job.
And Whether it is the tone of rescuing Chen Duxiu and Chen Geng or writing a letter to Lu Xun, they are far beyond the scope of friends. That is the friendship that only revolutionary comrades can produce.
The Red Army ended the Long March, and Soong Ching Ling also did the work to save the Chinese revolution.
At that time, the radio station of the Shanghai underground party was destroyed, and the central government in northern Shaanxi could not contact Shanghai and Moscow.
We now know that Zhang Hao quickly arrived in northern Shaanxi with international instructions, but Soong Ching Ling, who was in Shanghai at that time, did not know.
So So Song Qingling obtained a pass to the northwest patrol through his brother-in-law Kong Xiangxi , and sent pastor Dong Jianwu to northern Shaanxi to connect to the transportation lines of northern Shaanxi, Shanghai and Moscow.
Dong Jianwu traveled for several months before he arrived in northern Shaanxi, restoring the contact between the central government and Shanghai, and also restoring another line of contact with Moscow.
This awareness is far from comparable to Zhang Guotao, who set up a new central government and competed for international transportation codebooks.
Northern Shaanxi is a poor place, Red Army is extremely short of doctors and medicines. The teacher asked Soong Ching Ling for help to see if he could introduce the doctor.
Soong Ching Ling agreed and immediately thought of the American doctor Ma Haide .
At the same time, she thought of the Red Army severing communication with the outside world. No one knows who the Red Army is, what they are going to do in the past and in the future.
So I found another American reporter Edgar Snow and asked him to go to northern Shaanxi with Ma Haide. The results of
were far beyond the expectations of teachers and Soong Ching Ling.
Ma Haide became a well-known doctor in northern Shaanxi and became an advisor to the Ministry of Health of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. After the founding of New China, Ma Haide became the first foreigner to obtain the nationality of New China. Edgar Snow conducted an interview for half a year and wrote the shocking world "Red Stars Shining in China", propagandizing the Red Army and the Chinese Revolution all over the world.
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The instructor asked Soong Ching Ling for help again. Soong Ching Ling took out 50,000 US dollars from the funds in charge of the activities she was in charge to northern Shaanxi, which was a huge sum of money at that time.
Using this money, the Red Army in northern Shaanxi bought millet, cotton coats and other supplies to survive the last cold winter before the War of Resistance Against Japan.
At the critical moment of life and death around the Long March, the instructor directly saved the Party and the Red Army. Soong Ching Ling was on the outside and did a lot of work to save the Party and the Red Army.
Is this a huge contribution?
So Pan Hannian commented on Soong Ching Ling: "She used her special identity, special status, and played a special role, and no one could replace her."
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to cooperate for the second time, and Soong Ching Ling's work also transformed.
In June 1938, Soong Ching Ling established the "All to Defend China", which was nominally a non-governmental organization, but from the identity of the staff, it can be seen that this is actually an external organization of our party for the work of the War of Resistance.
Originally, the secretary of the "Baopeng" selected by Soong Ching Ling was Li Yun .
Li Yun is a veteran intelligence officer of the Central Special Branch. During the period when the underground party in Shanghai was destroyed, he was in charge of the radio stations connected with the Central Committee. Later, he worked with Soong Ching Ling for two years, responsible for conveying documentary information between the Central Committee and Soong Ching Ling.
When the "Bao League" was established, Li Yun was already pregnant and could not do complicated work. So secret party member Liao Mengxing became the secretary of Soong Ching Ling and "Bao League", responsible for the contact between Soong Ching Ling and Zhou Enlai and the Central Committee.
These two people were selected by Soong Ching Ling and the Central Committee.
So Since the War of Resistance Against Japan, international party member Soong Ching Ling has always worked for our party, not the United Front Persons under the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
Throughout the War of Resistance Against Japan, Soong Ching Ling sent a large amount of aid to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army base areas through the "Preserve Alliance", including medical equipment, medicines, food, etc., with a total value of more than one million US dollars. In addition, the talents who actively resisted Japan were also sent to Yan'an through the "Preserve Alliance".
The War of Resistance Against Japan ended, "Bao League" moved back to Shanghai and renamed it to China Welfare Foundation .
In addition to doing charity, another task of the foundation is to do secret work, because one-third of the staff are party members from secret work.
If the China Welfare Foundation is just a charity, there is no need for so many party members of special nature to participate.
Because of this, Soong Ching Ling, who lost his international party membership after the disbandment of the Communist International, is still the boss of the secret front with all his eyes and eyes in Shanghai.
Once Liao Mengxing went to the underground party contact point to convey intelligence, but was discovered by the Kuomintang spies. Liao Mengxing just returned to Soong Ching Ling's house, and Soong Ching Ling told her: "You are also on the blacklist, so leave quickly."
Liao Mengxing didn't think much about it, and immediately contacted Zhou Enlai alone, and Zhou Enlai agreed to her go to Hong Kong.
Soong Ching Ling bought a boat ticket for Liao Mengxing and sent someone to deliver it to the wharf.
This simple story shows that Soong Ching Ling was very fast to obtain intelligence. She knew about things that the underground party had not learned about before, and could arrange the funeral in an orderly manner. I have to accept the skill of
.
Through the complex intelligence network, during the Liberation War, Soong Ching Ling and the Foundation sent US$4 million worth of medicine to the Shandong Liberation Zone, purchased US military medical supplies to the northern Jiangsu Liberation Zone, and even hid 300 tons of supplies in Shanghai under the nose of the Kuomintang.
In 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered Shanghai, and Soong Ching Ling took out 300 tons of materials and handed them over to the People's Liberation Army for use.
" Founding of the People's Republic of China" talks about Soong Ching Ling from the perspective of "unified frontman", and uses cameras and lines to say that she disagreed with the PLA entering Shanghai. She was deeply moved when she saw the PLA soldiers sleeping on the streets, so she decided to go to Beijing to attend the CPPCC meeting.
may have something to say about, but there is no doubt that this is not Soong Ching Ling’s true mood.
for the revolution for 27 years, broke with Chiang Kai-shek for 22 years, and worked for the Communist International and our party for 18 years. How could such a person not be polite about the People's Liberation Army entering Shanghai?
The real Soong Ching Ling should have shown a happy smile as if she was an old mother: "Our team won."
4.
In June 1949, Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan and established a separatist regime of the Kuomintang reactionaries. Seven months later, Soong Mei-ling flew from the United States to Taiwan and continued to live a pampered life as the "first lady".
Also in June 1949, the Central Committee entrusted Deng Yingchao to Shanghai and invited Soong Ching Ling to Beijing to attend the first CPPCC meeting. Three months later, Soong Ching Ling was elected as Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government.
The orthodox Kuomintang left by Sun Yat-sen was reorganized into the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, becoming one of the eight democratic parties involved in politics in New China.
This is the victory of Soong Ching Ling's revolutionary career and the victory of Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies". It's just that time changes and the Kuomintang has become an auxiliary party.
days If there is love, the heaven will grow old , the right path on earth is vicissitudes.
Soong Ching Ling protected Sun Yat-sen's political line, and through his own efforts, he became the "one of the founders of the People's Republic of China" certified by New China. In addition to his identity as "Madam Sun Yat-sen", he wrote his name in the process of history.
Only with such achievements, Chinese people, including teachers, will respectfully call them when they talk about Soong Ching Ling:
"Mr. Soong Ching Ling."
