Chairman Mao repeatedly mentioned that Wang Jiaxiang was a person who was a meritorious of the revolution:
In Long March , he was the planner and advocate of Zunyi Conference ; at Liping Conference , he established the continuous consolidation of Mao Zedong's military thought in the party's leadership position, which promoted the convening of the Zunyi Conference; at the Zunyi Conference, he took the lead in proposing to revoke Li De's military command and Chairman Mao participated in military command.
Not long after, Wang Jiaxiang became one of the members of the leadership core of the Party Central Committee and continued to serve as director of , the General Political Department of . Wang Jiaxiang made a lot of contributions to the revolution throughout his life, and he played a significant role in some key historical stages.
Wang Jiaxiang
publicly supports Chairman Mao and initiates the Zunyi Conference
Wang Jiaxiang was born in Hou'an Village, Jingxian County, Anhui Province in 1906. He has studied hard since childhood, worked hard and was diligent and studious. In 1924, Wang Jiaxiang was admitted to middle school. At that time, many teachers were Communists. Therefore, under the influence of these teachers, his thoughts gradually improved and he gradually embarked on the path of revolution.
1925, Wang Jiaxiang came to Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow to study and joined the Communist Party in 1928. In 1930, Wang Jiaxiang ended his studies in Moscow and returned home successfully. He then devoted himself to the vigorous Chinese revolutionary movement.
In March 1931, Wang Jiaxiang came to , the central revolutionary base of , and he met Chairman Mao here. As time goes by, Wang Jiaxiang gradually realized that is effective when doing everything according to Chairman Mao’s proposal; but if it is done according to Wang Ming’s proposal, it will be counterproductive. Therefore, Wang Jiaxiang began to gradually lean towards Chairman Mao, both in political and military perspectives.
However, as Wang Ming and others gradually gained power in the central government, Chairman Mao was treated unequally and was excluded by them. In early October 1932, , Ningdu, Jiangxi, held an important meeting. At the meeting, Wang Ming asked Chairman Mao to be evacuated from the front and his position as "General Political Commissar of the Red Front Army" to allow him to concentrate on government work.
Wang Ming
Many people disagree with Wang Ming's proposal, and Wang Jiaxiang raised objections at this meeting. He publicly supported Chairman Mao to continue his position as the General Political Commissar of the First Front Army of the Red Army. Wang Jiaxiang's public support for Chairman Mao shocked the audience, and even Chairman Mao himself did not expect it.
But it is a pity that Wang Ming and others had the upper hand at that time. Although Wang Jiaxiang publicly supported Chairman Mao, his opinions were still not considered. In this way, Chairman Mao was forced to leave the leadership position of the Red Army , which also brought considerable losses to the combat and construction of the Red Army.
After that, with the wrong leadership of Wang Ming, Li De and others, the Red Army failed to fight the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and our army suffered heavy losses. In response to this, Wang Jiaxiang said angrily: "How can I not defeat the battle if I command the Red Army like Li De!"
With the failure of the Guangchang Battle, the Red Army's situation became increasingly difficult, and Bogu , Li De and others still refused to admit their mistakes and continued to implement the wrong set of military routes, which eventually led to the Red Army's retreat step by step and had to start the 25,000-mile Long March.
Despite this, Bo Gu and Li De were still stubborn and even wanted to keep Wang Jiaxiang at the homes of the people and prevent him from following the troops in the Long March. It turned out that when the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" of in the Central Soviet Area, Wang Jiaxiang was seriously injured and has been in poor health since then. So on the eve of the Long March, Bogu and Li De used this excuse to keep Wang Jiaxiang.
Chairman Mao argued after learning about this matter. He said: "Wang Jiaxiang is the vice chairman of the Military Commission and the director of the General Political Department. He has a heavy burden and must march with the army. He cannot leave him at the homes of ordinary people to recover from his injuries!" Bo Gu then agreed to let Wang Jiaxiang move with the army.
Chairman Mao
At the beginning of the Long March, Chairman Mao, Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian were arranged in different legions, which also led to the three of them being unable to communicate in time, and Chairman Mao once again objected to this.
In order to save the revolution, Chairman Mao believed that he must stick to the correct proposition, but if he wanted to stick to the proposition, he must get everyone's support. Finally, after Chairman Mao's continuous persistence, Bo Gu agreed to let the three of them walk together.
On December 11, 1934, the 5th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the Red First Army captured the tunnel county town. The next day, the central leaders held an important meeting here to discuss where to go next. Li De completely ignored the situation at that time and insisted that the main force of the Red Army should go north to join the Red Second and Red Sixth Army . Chairman Mao raised an objection, saying:
"From the current situation, the enemy has already sent serious illnesses to deploy there. If we go at this time, wouldn't it be a sheep entering the tiger's mouth? Only by advancing westward and advancing to Guizhou, where the enemy's weak troops can we have a way out!"
At this time, Wang Jiaxiang ignored his physical pain and firmly supported Chairman Mao's strategic deployment. Most of the participants agreed with Chairman Mao’s opinion, but Bo Gu and Li De were stubborn and denied everyone’s opinions.
Just when the two sides were in a stalemate, Zhou Enlai presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in Liping on December 18 to continue discussing this issue. After a fierce debate, Zhou Enlai decided to adopt Chairman Mao's opinion and cross the westward Wujiang northward. This time is the famous Liping Conference.
Liping Conference can be said to be a meeting that concerns the fate of the Red Army and the future of the Chinese revolution. At the meeting, Li De and Bo Gu's erroneous propositions were denied and Chairman Mao's strategic and tactical ideas were adopted.
However, although the meeting adopted Chairman Mao's proposal, Bo Gu and Li De were still unwilling to fail, which also made Wang Jiaxiang very worried. So he quickly found Chairman Mao and said: "When we arrived in Zunyi, we will hold a meeting and 'bombed' them down."
Chairman Mao nodded and said: "Okay, I agree." Next, Wang Jiaxiang began to act.
Wang Jiaxiang first found Zhang Wentian and Zhou Enlai and told them what they thought. Both of them nodded in agreement. With the support of Zhang Wentian and Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang was much more relieved.
Immediately afterwards, Wang Jiaxiang found Nie Rongzhen, who was then the political commissar of the First Red Army Regiment: "The anti-'encirclement and suppression' war can achieve such a great victory, mainly because Comrade Mao Zedong adopted the policy of luring the enemy into depth, first attacking the weak, then attacking the strong, and defeating them one by one. We should let Chairman Mao come out to lead." Nie Rongzhen said: "I fully agree with your opinion, but in fact I think so too."
Then, Liu Bocheng, Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun and others also agreed with Wang Jiaxiang's proposal. At this point, the deployment of Zunyi meeting was basically completed.
bogu
Determine and consolidate Chairman Mao’s leadership in the party and army
In January 1935, the Red Army occupied Zunyi City and obtained a short rest opportunity, so the Zunyi Conference was officially held. At the meeting, Bo Gu made a summary report on the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression". He did not admit that he had done something wrong, but instead defended himself and Li De's mistakes and blamed the cause of the failure on objective aspects.
Next, Zhou Enlai gave a supplementary report on military issues. He analyzed Li De and Bo Gu’s mistakes in military command from the perspective of fairness and justice, and also received recognition from the participants. Zhang Wentian made a report criticizing the wrong military route, which was the collective opinion of Chairman Mao, Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian.
Finally, Chairman Mao stood up and made a long speech on the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and the lessons of failure since the Long March, and conducted a thorough analysis and powerful criticism of Bo Gu and Li De's wrong commands, and pointed out where to go and how to go in the future. At this time, Chairman Mao’s ideas and policy lines were completely opposite to those of Bo Gu and Li De. The two sides were in a stalemate and neither of them was willing to give in.
At this moment, Wang Jiaxiang took the lead in supporting Chairman Mao’s point of view, and then most of the comrades who attended the meeting expressed their support for Chairman Mao. Finally, the meeting decided to elect Chairman Mao as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Wang Jiaxiang as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.Soon after, a military command team composed of Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang was established to command the military operations of the entire army.
From then on, the rule of Wang Ming and others in the Party Central Committee was ended, and Chairman Mao’s leadership position in the Red Army and the Party Central Committee was determined. At such a critical moment, Wang Jiaxiang was able to stand up and support Chairman Mao, which not only saved the Red Army, but also saved the party.
During the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chairman Mao also said this: "If it weren't for the two comrades, Luopu and Wang Jiaxiang, it would be impossible to hold a Zunyi Conference. Without their sponsorship, the Zunyi Conference would not have been successful."
The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in September 1938 is another key meeting that determines the fate of China. If the Zunyi Conference corrects the wrong guiding ideology within the Party and determines Chairman Mao’s leadership position in the whole Party and the army, then the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China consolidates Chairman Mao’s leadership position in the whole Party and the army, and strengthens the unity and unity of the Party.
. At this meeting, Wang Jiaxiang played his role again, fully supporting Chairman Mao and safeguarding Chairman Mao’s correct line and leadership position. So what's going on?
In July 1937, Wang Jiaxiang came to Moscow to treat his illness. At that time, Wang Ming and Kang Sheng were representatives of the Communist Party of China in . Wang Ming's identity was quite special. He was a member of the executive committee of the Communist International and a member of the presidium.
During this period, Wang Jiaxiang's work was effective. He not only reflected on the current situation of the Chinese revolution to the leaders of the Communist International, but also vigorously promoted the policy of " Anti-Japanese National United Front " formed by the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang represented by Chairman Mao.
11, Wang Ming and Kang Sheng returned to China. Before leaving, Dimitrov warned Wang Ming: "After you go back, you must establish good relations with Chinese comrades. You are not familiar with comrades in China. Even if they want to recommend you to be the General Secretary, don't agree."
After Wang Ming returned to Yan'an , the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China hoped that he could work with other central leaders. But unfortunately, Wang Ming regarded himself as an international representative and leader, saying, "I returned to China under the orders of the Communist International. It is not very good at home and needs to have a new policy!"
In December, Wang Ming held a meeting, at which he criticized the decision of the Luochuan Conference and Chairman Mao's speech in November, and put forward a completely different proposition: "Everything passes through the united front, and everything obeys the united front." However, due to strong opposition by Chairman Mao and others, Wang Ming's wrong opinions failed.
20 meeting was a setback in the history of the party after the Zunyi meeting. If it was not resolved as soon as possible, the situation would be very dangerous. Therefore, the central government decided to send Ren Bishi to Moscow and ask for the opinions of the Communist International.
In April 1938, Ren Bishi came to Moscow and reported the matter to the Communist International. At that time, Wang Jiaxiang also attended the meeting and made additional speeches. At this meeting, Wang Jiaxiang emphasized: "The current Communist Party of China will not repeat the mistakes made by Chen Duxiu during the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, because Comrade Mao Zedong insisted on the independence of the Communist Party!"
At this meeting, a public document supporting China's war of resistance and an internal document was also passed. In the public document, the whole world called on strongly to support the Chinese revolutionary war; in the internal documents, it not only affirmed that our party's political line was correct, but also said that in a complex and difficult environment, our party was able to establish new cooperation with the Kuomintang, unite the forces of the two parties, and oppose the invading Japanese army. This is very rare.
Shortly after the meeting ended, Wang Jiaxiang was preparing to return to China, and his work in Moscow was replaced by Ren Bishi. Before leaving, Dimitrov said to Wang Jiaxiang: "When you go back, you should tell the whole party that you support Mao Zedong as the leader of the Communist Party of China. He is a leader trained in actual struggle. Others, such as Wang Ming, should not compete for the position of leader.”
In addition, Dimitrov also asked Wang Jiaxiang to hand over the two documents passed by the Communist International to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao, and at the same time asked Wang Jiaxiang to convey what he said to the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
8, Wang Jiaxiang successfully returned to Yan'an and reported these situations to Chairman Mao and other comrades. Wang Jiaxiang, with the support of the Communist International, especially Dimitrov's explanation, clearly affirmed Chairman Mao's ideological line for the first time, and recognized Chairman Mao's leadership position in the Communist Party of China, which made Wang Ming lose the support of the Communist International, the main capital he fought for with Chairman Mao - the Communist International.
On September 29, 1938, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held in Yan'an, and Wang Jiaxiang was The meeting conveyed the instructions of the Communist International and Dimitrov's opinions, and said: "Before I leave, Dimitrov asked me to tell you that the leadership organs should be resolved under the leadership of Mao Zedong, and there should be an air of intimacy and unity in the leadership organs..."
接本司戏司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司司� The instructions of the Communist International were brought back by Comrade Wang Jiaxiang from the Soviet Union and conveyed by him! "
Wang Jiaxiang asked to come out to work, how did Chairman Mao reply?
Wang Jiaxiang not only had a good relationship with Chairman Mao, but also the same as Zhou Enlai. During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhou Enlai worked in the area ruled by the Kuomintang for a long time. Although the two were thousands of miles apart, he always cared about Wang Jiaxiang's illness.
At that time, Wang Jiaxiang was the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission. In addition, he also served as the director of the General Political Department. The work was heavy, which led to the already bad health getting worse and worse. Zhou Enlai was far away in Bashan and Shushui, and he often asked about Wang Jiaxiang's illness , and also told him to have a good rest.
In June 1944, US Vice President Wallace visited China and brought a batch of rare medicine penicillin to Chongqing National Government . Penicillin is not only rare, but the most important thing is that it is expensive and difficult to get. After Zhou Enlai, who returned to Yan'an for a meeting, learned about this, he sent a telegram to Wang Bingnan, the leader of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau on August 6:
"Wallace visited China, I heard that he sent a batch of special medicines called penicillin. Do you have any way to get some? Comrade Wang Jiaxiang needs these medicines very much to treat the disease. ”
On August 14, Zhou Enlai wrote to Wang Bingnan again, mentioning this matter: “Penicillin is needed to treat Wang Jiaxiang’s condition. According to the "Damei Evening News", 90 million tablets of penicillin have been sent to China. Please ask if you can find a way to get some. "
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Jiaxiang's condition did not improve. Finally, under the care of Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and others, Wang Jiaxiang went to the Soviet Union to treat his illness again. In the Soviet Union, after treatment, Wang Jiaxiang's condition improved significantly, and he returned to the Northeast to work in May 1947.
In early 1949, Wang Jiaxiang came to Xibaipo to attend the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee. He and his wife Zhu Zhongli went to visit Zhou Enlai and his wife. They met again after a long separation, and both sides were very excited. Movement. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao asked Wang Jiaxiang about his condition with concern and were happy that his health was recovered.
After the founding of New China, Wang Jiaxiang served as the first deputy minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the first ambassador to the Soviet Union. Before leaving, Zhou Enlai saw Wang Jiaxiang off and specifically instructed: "We have too little experience in establishing diplomatic relations between countries. Comrade Jiaxiang, after you go to the Soviet Union, you should summarize your experience and promote the development of bilateral relations! ”
When Wang Jiaxiang was appointed as ambassador to the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai happened to visit the Soviet Union. So under the leadership of Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai, a lot of work was done for the successful visit. Later, Wang Jiaxiang was ordered to return to China and serve as the Minister of the of the Lianhe Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In response to this new work, Zhou Enlai repeatedly cared about Wang Jiaxiang: "Comrade Jiaxiang, this work is very hard, and the burden on you is getting heavier and heavier!" During his tenure as minister of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Wang Jiaxiang and Zhou Enlai went abroad to attend international conferences many times and had many conversations with brotherly parties.
Before going abroad, Zhou Enlai would say to Wang Jiaxiang: "Take Zhongli with you too. You are in poor health. She is a doctor and can take care of you anytime and anywhere." But surprisingly, Zhou Enlai is alone every time he goes abroad and never lets Deng Yingchao follow him.
Once, Zhu Zhongli couldn't help but feel curious and asked Zhou Enlai: "Will the little sister go with me?" Zhou Enlai smiled and said: "I'm in good health and no one needs to take care of me. What's more, with you as a doctor, can I still get sick?" Zhou Enlai's funny words made Zhu Zhongli laugh.
Chairman Mao and Wang Jiaxiang
On October 24, 1966, Chairman Mao mentioned Wang Jiaxiang in his speech at the Central Work Conference, and once again affirmed Wang Jiaxiang's important role in the history of the Party. During the meeting, Zhou Enlai also specially talked to Wu Qiquan, deputy minister of the Allied Forces Department of the CPC Central Committee:
"Chairman Mao once said that Comrade Wang Jiaxiang is a person who has made contributions to the revolution. He is in poor health now, so don't cause trouble for him. Comrade Wu Qiquan, I believe you also understand Comrade Wang Jiaxiang and the attitude of the central government towards him. You should come out and speak."
Wu Qiquan nodded quickly and said, "What kind of person is Comrade Wang Jiaxiang? I am very clear. Chu understands. Prime Minister, don’t worry, I know how to do it.” After the meeting of
, Wu Qiquan returned to the Unite General Office of the CPC Central Committee. He first introduced Wang Jiaxiang’s previous deeds and achievements in the revolution at the cadre meeting. Then he said: “Comrade Wang Jiaxiang often insists on standing on Chairman Mao’s side, and Chairman Mao has praised him many times.”
But it’s a pity that as Wu Qiquan’s position was reduced, Wang Jiaxiang was also sent to work in Xinyang, Henan. It was not until October 1970 that he returned to Beijing for treatment under the care of Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai.
Zhu De
In June 1972, Wang Jiaxiang and his wife and Wang Zhen and his wife came to Zhu De's house to visit him. Zhu De saw Wang Jiaxiang again after many years, and was very happy. He said excitedly: "Chairman Mao has not forgotten you. We all know that you have made contributions and made great contributions at critical moments! You will be assigned a job soon!"
Wang Jiaxiang was also extremely excited when he heard Zhu De's words. As soon as he got home, he went into the study and wrote a letter to Zhou Enlai. In the letter, in addition to Wang Jiaxiang's self-criticism, he also expressed his desire to come out to work again. Zhou Enlai agreed and then showed the letter to Chairman Mao.
After reading the letter, Chairman Mao said to Zhou En: "It is rare for an old cadre like Comrade Wang Jiaxiang to have only talked about it. It is rare that he should be allowed to work as soon as possible. He is the one who has made contributions and was the first to stand up to support me. At the Zunyi Conference, Comrade Wang Jiaxiang also cast a key vote..."
In addition, Chairman Mao also ordered Wang Jiaxiang to participate in the study class of the old Central Committee members, asked Zhou Enlai to handle this matter, and asked him to convey his meaning at the Third Plenary Session of the Ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. At the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Wang Jiaxiang was elected as a member of the Central Committee. After the top ten, Wang Jiaxiang was arranged to translate Russian in the top ten documents. After the work was over, Zhou Enlai arranged for him to join the newly established leadership team responsible for foreign affairs to assist him in his foreign affairs work.
On October 1, Wang Jiaxiang attended a garden tour in Beijing to celebrate the 24th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. But what no one expected was that Wang Jiaxiang would die on January 25, 1974 at the age of 68.
On the afternoon of January 30, Wang Jiaxiang's memorial service was held in the auditorium of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing, and Chairman Mao and other leaders of the Communist Party of China gave wreaths. Zhou Enlai's condition was also very serious at that time, but he still endured the discomfort caused by his body and resolutely attended Wang Jiaxiang's memorial service.
In the memorial hall, Zhou Enlai, with sad face, walked quickly to Zhu Zhongli's side. He held the other party's hands tightly, and said, "I really didn't expect it to be so sudden. I really didn't expect it to be so sudden. You must take good care of yourself, take good care of yourself, and you must not be exhausted!"
Zhu Zhongli looked at Zhou Enlai's pale face and spiritless eyes, and was filled with emotion for a moment, both excited and worried. She hurriedly said, "Prime Minister, you must also take good care of your health, I will take good care of yourself."
Deng Xiaoping said this in his eulogy:
"Comrade Wang Jiaxiang has worked actively and conscientiously and responsible under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee, and has dedicated his life to the cause of liberation and communism of the Chinese people..."
This is the most objective and fair evaluation of Wang Jiaxiang's life.
