From a passionate young man to a revolutionary
He Tingying, also known as a scholar, whose name is ceyong , was born on May 11, 1905 in Hejiawan Village, Hanshan Town, Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province (now Nanzheng District, Hanzhong City).
His father He Genshan was a teacher who once taught at Hannan College in Hanzhong. He was a progressive intellectual who advocated science to save the country.
1925, He Tingying was admitted to the Department of Mathematics of Shanghai Datong University. When he was in school, he once said:
" Muse Goddess What I love, Mr. Seth's country needs,
Yuanming, if he was in a wasteland, he should not plant sorghum but grow millet."
At that time, he believed that the country was poor and backward, mainly because of underdeveloped science, so he had to learn mathematics, physics and chemistry well.
However, the cruel reality made him reflect painfully. May 30th Massacre made him witness the brutality of imperialism with his own eyes, and he could no longer calm down.
He wrote this poem with anger:
"The holy blood on the road of Nanjing is strong, and the hatred of a hundred years has been deep.
Go to leave the scholar's dream of a doctoral student, and I am willing to be a new recruit in the revolution."
He Tingying
He Tingying
regardless of the teacher's objection, he transferred to the Department of Social Sciences of Shanghai University, began to accept progressive ideas, and devoted himself to the torrent of revolution.
In June 1925, He Tingying joined the China Socialist Youth League and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. In 1926, he was appointed by the Party and served as a regiment instructor in Li Pinxian's department and participated in the Northern Expedition .
1927, He Tingying served as the company instructor. In July of the same year, he received a notice from the central government to participate in the Nanchang Uprising . He Tingying returned to the guard company and, under the leadership of the regiment commander Lu Deming, approached Jiangxi.
On the way, I learned that the team of the Nanchang Uprising had gone south, He Tingying was ordered to participate in the Hunan-Jiangxi border Autumn Harvest Uprising and served as the Party representative of the First Regiment of the First Division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army.
Autumn Harvest Uprising
" Sanwan Adapted " High-speaking
1929, the troops of the Autumn Harvest Uprising stationed in Yongxin Sanwan. At that time, the troops fought continuously and traveled for a long distance, but lacked food and medicine. The soldiers endured hunger, fatigue and injuries, and their morale was very low.
Especially after Luxi was frustrated, some people thought that failure was a foregone conclusion, so they left without saying goodbye, betrayed the revolution, and some even betrayed. There was a platoon who, under the instigation of the platoon leader, took advantage of the opportunity to take the people away and take all the weapons away.
Zhang Zongxun recalled:
"After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the troops suffered several setbacks, and the combat personnel were greatly reduced. In addition, the long-distance marching was transferred, and there were many diseases, especially when the political and ideological work was weak and the morale of the army was dispersed."
The troops in the Autumn Harvest Uprising dropped sharply from more than 5,000 to less than 1,000. One of the important reasons is that the military chiefs take their own initiative and do not obey the commanders, and the Party lacks strong leadership over this force.
Seeing this situation, Mao Zedong was always anxious. Since leaving Wenjia City, he has been thinking about this issue, hoping to find a way to effectively master this force.
He Tingying, who served as the company instructor in the 1st Regiment, attracted Mao Zedong's attention. The company he was in had a strong political atmosphere, and no soldier fled, and both cadres and soldiers respected him very much. He Tingying has a unique approach in political work.
He Tingying's stills
One morning, Mao Zedong found He Tingying and the two had a long talk. Mao Zedong said:
"The workers and peasants' revolutionary army has gone through hardships and has come to this day. As the saying goes, a person must be able to afford to win and lose, and he is a hero. The same is true for a team. We can afford to win and lose. We still have more than 800 people now, but how can we not let this army collapse?" This is the biggest problem at present!
He Tingying had discovered this problem a long time ago and thought deeply. He replied:
"The army has suffered consecutive defeats, and only so many people and guns are left. I don't think this is scary. What's scary is that this team loses the leadership of the party. The biggest problem is the party's leadership over the team."
Mao Zedong continued:
"The failure of this armed riot reflects the party's leadership over this team, and the military chiefs do their own things. In the future, we must establish the leadership of the front committee and follow the command of the in all actions, and do not allow them to persevere in hiding. But how can we establish the leadership of the front committee? This is not a problem that can be solved by just one command. "
He Tingying's voice is not high, but he said firmly:
" This may have to be considered from the party organization in the army. There are too few party organizations in the team and they can't catch the troops at all. "
The sentence made Mao Zedong seem to have found the key to solving the problem and said, "You have been a regiment instructor in the past and have also served as a company instructor. How do you think we can capture the army? "
Stills
He Tingying said:
"We have no party branches in our team, but there are too few. There is only one regiment and no one in the company. This makes it impossible to catch soldiers. I think the Party branch should be established in the company, and the squad and platoon should also have Party groups. All major matters in the team must be decided by the branch and the Party Committee so that there can be guaranteed. "
Mao Zedong said excitedly:
" A person must have a soul when he lives, and a team must also have a military soul. Our soul is the various party branches, and we must build the branches on the company. "
This conversation led to the famous "Sanwan Adaptation" in history and opened a new journey for the development of the Chinese People's Army.
During the Sanwan Adaptation, He Tingying actively assisted Mao Zedong in carrying out his work.
First of all, an organizational adaptation. The troops were organized from the original division into a regiment, namely the First Division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army.
The second is to establish the "branch is built in the company". There are party members in the class, the platoon has party group , the company has party branches, and the battalion has party committees. The organizational principle of the party's absolute leadership over the army is guaranteed.
Mao Zedong later said:
" Red Army , so it struggles hard without disintegration, 'branch is built in the company' is an important reason. "
The third is to implement a democratic system in the army. Because there are officers coming from the old warlords in the team, their old habits still exist, beating and scolding soldiers, and the relationship between officers and soldiers is tense.
implements a democratic system and establishes an Soldier Committee , eliminating the phenomenon of beating and scolding soldiers. The soldiers are very satisfied, and the morale of the army is also increasing.
Sanwan adaptation
Chaling to resolve danger and avoid failure
In order to further create and expand the revolutionary base of Jinggangshan , the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army came to the ancient city area of Ninggang County to carry out the guerrilla war.
Mao Zedong led He Tingying and Zhang Ziqing's third battalion to fight guerrilla war in Dafen Suichuan, and was attacked by local armed forces, and the team was divided into two parts.
He Tingying and Zhang Ziqing moved to the Guidong area in Hunan to continue the guerrilla war. When they arrived in Chongyi area in southern Jiangxi, they happened to meet Yu's troops of the Nanchang Uprising led by Zhu De and Chen Yi . .
He Tingying and Zhang Ziqing reported the situation of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area to Zhu De and Chen Yi. According to Zhu De's instructions, He Tingying and Zhang Ziqing led the third battalion back to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.
He Tingying's former residence
suddenly heard gunshots when he arrived at the border of Chaling. After inquiring, he learned that the Hunan enemy Wu Shang was attacking Chaling, which had been captured by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.
The third battalion immediately reinforced Chaling. He Tingying led a number of soldiers to attack the enemy in the south of the city, and Zhang Ziqing led the remaining troops to attack the enemy in the west of the city.
When the enemy was sieging the city, gunshots suddenly came from behind. The enemy was in a mess and fled quickly. The third battalion entered the city and found the regiment commander Chen Hao and the party representative of the first battalion Wan Xixian .
He Tingying and others agreed that the enemy would also attack Chaling. When the enemy was strong and we were weak, we should give up Chaling and return to Jinggangshan.
Regiment Commander Chen Hao firmly opposed it. It turned out that Chen Hao had already thought of rebelling against the enemy. He wanted to surrender to the 13th Army Commander Fang Dingying of Hunan .
At the strong suggestion of everyone, Chen Hao was worried that the conspiracy would be exposed, so he proposed to "retreat the south" in an attempt to get close to southern Hunan.
The situation is urgent. He Tingying and others temporarily accepted Chen Hao's order, hoping to move towards Jinggangshan while fighting guerrillas.
After the troops arrived at Hukou , the soldiers were already very tired due to continuous combat, and the troops took a rest.
When we set out again, the regiment commander Chen Haoqiang ordered the troops to retreat south. He Tingying and others strongly opposed it, and at the same time sent someone to report to Mao Zedong.
After all, Chen Hao has a high position and holds military power. The troops can only march southward. The Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army is facing a huge crisis of changing courses.
Mao Zedong led his troops to travel together at night and finally caught up with the troops retreating south. That night, Mao Zedong presided over a meeting, and He Tingying and others exposed what Chen Hao and others did. Finally, it was decided that the troops would return to Jinggangshan tomorrow.
In order to appease the unstable emotions of the troops, He Tingying and others held a company meeting overnight to convey the spirit of the meeting. At this moment, the soldiers on duty intercepted a letter, which was a reply letter sent by Fang Dingying to Chen Hao.
In the face of evidence, Chen Hao admitted everything and was eventually executed by shooting.
He Tingying's former residence
fought bravely, with many results
The winter in Jinggangshan is very cold. In order to solve the problem of cotton coats in the army, Mao Zedong and other comrades from the Front Committee decided to attack Suichuan .
The leader of the Jingwei regiment in Suichuan is called Xiao Jiabi, who is a big bully. He surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek, committed all kinds of evil and harmed the revolutionary masses. Last year, when the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was fighting guerrillas in Dafen, Suichuan, Xiao Jiabi took local armed forces and suddenly attacked, causing our army to suffer losses.
Under the attack of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, Xiao Jiabi fled and our army entered Suichuan City.
He Tingying immediately assisted the former committee secretary Mao Zedong, publicize the masses, and mobilize the masses. He Tingying also drafted the "Interim Program of the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government of Suichuan County".
In February 1928, Jiangxi warlord Zhu Peide mobilized troops to threaten Suichuan to "encircle and suppress" the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army.
The enemy first captured Beidamen New City in the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. The geographical location of the new city is extremely important. If the enemy takes this as a stronghold, it will always threaten the Red Army.
On February 17, the Front Committee held a military meeting to study and deploy plans to attack the new city, and we must win this battle.
18 In the second half of the night, He Tingying and Zhang Ziqing led a regiment, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, set out from Maoping, traveled starry night, marched all the way toward the new city.
At dawn, the Red Army had reached its designated combat position and surrounded the new city. After the battle started, He Tingying led the soldiers of the third battalion to attack the city and captured the new city in one fell swoop. In this battle, more than 600 enemies were killed and the enemy battalion commander Wang Guozheng was killed.
At the end of April 1928, Zhu De and Mao Zedong met successfully in Jinggangshan. In mid-June, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized more than ten regiments from Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to "encircle and suppress" Jinggangshan.
Chiang Kai-shek ordered the first part of the 8th Army of Wu Shang, the defending enemy in Hunan, to attack Jinggangshan through Chaling through 黄官网; the 9th Division of the Jiangxi defending enemy Yang Chisheng and the 27th Division of Yang Ruxuan, the 27th Division of the Ji'an, to advance to Jinggangshan from Jian, to Yongxin, to advance to Jinggangshan.
In order to smash the enemy's "encirclement and suppression", Mao Zedong ordered He Tingying to lead a battalion of the Red 31st Regiment to feint attack Huang County.
The news of the Red Army's attack on Huang County frightened the enemy in Hunan and also made the enemy in Jiangxi hurriedly deploy troops in Yongxin County.
The Red Army made targeted combat plans for the enemy's deployment.
In the early morning of June 23, the battle started. With its excellent equipment, Yang Chisheng's 27th Regiment of the 9th Division went straight to the commanding height of Xinqixiling, Wangyue Pavilion, from Longyuankou Village.
The battle was extremely fierce. Zhu De and He Tingying commanded the Red Army soldiers to fight bravely and always blocked the enemy in the Wangyue Pavilion.
In Laoqixiling, the 28th Red Regiment launched a fierce battle with the 25th and 26th enemy Regiments. The 28th Red Regiment fought bravely under the leadership of the regiment commander Wang Erzhuo, causing Yang Ruxuan to leave the defeated generals and flee to Yongxin.
The 27th Regiment of the enemy learned that Lao Qixiling was defeated and had no intention of fighting. Zhu De and He Tingying seized the opportunity and launched a fierce attack.At around 3:00 p.m., all the enemy 27th Regiment were wiped out. This is the famous "Longyuankou Victory" in the history of the Red Army.
The remaining enemies in the new city saw that the situation was hopeless, so they hurriedly abandoned the city and fled. The Red Army conquered Yongxin City for the third time.
While cleaning the battlefield, the soldiers discovered a broken mortar and three shells. Later, this mortar played a big role in the defense battle of Huangyangjie .
The Great Winning of the War of Defense of Huangyangjie
He Tingying not only has a keen political vision, but also an excellent military commander. The great victory in the Huangyangjie defense battle under his command was also a brilliant record in the Jinggangshan struggle.
1928, after the "August Failure", Mao Zedong personally led the 3rd Battalion of the 31st Regiment of the Red Army to southern Hunan to welcome the team back. He Tingying led the 1st Battalion of the 31st Regiment of Zhu Yunqing, , Chen Yi'an, and 32nd Regiment of the 6th of , Yuan Wencai, , to stay in Jinggangshan to defend the revolutionary base. At the end of August, the Kuomintang’s Hunan Army, Wu Shang’s troops and the Gan Army Wang Jun’s troops took advantage of the empty forces of Jinggangshan and gathered the troops of four regiments to invade. Among them, three regiments of the Hunan Army attacked Huangyangjie from the direction of Huangxian and Chaling.
He Tingying made careful arrangements in the face of enemies whose troops and equipment are better than our army.
The Red Army launched the military and civilians in depth to cut bamboo nails, build wood, carry stones, build trenches, and build fortifications, and made full preparations for combat.
On the morning of August 30, three regiments of the Hunan Army rushed straight to Huangyangjie. Under He Tingying's command, the military and civilians guarding the mountain fought fiercely with the enemy.
When the enemy walked into the grass, many Hunan soldiers' feet were pierced by bamboo nails , screaming in pain. Some soldiers and civilians carried stones and smashed them hard at the enemy, and the Hunan Army was bleeding from the head. Some soldiers and civilians pushed Liemu, and the enemy fled in a panic.
At noon, the Hunan Army, exhausted from , had to retreat to the foot of the mountain to wait for an opportunity to counterattack.
He Tingying was extremely calm. He used this period to command the military and civilians in Jinggangshan to strengthen the fortifications and prepare for new combat.
Around 4 pm, the Hunan Army began its fourth attack. He Tingying used the mortar, but the first two shells were squids, and it was not until the third shell that hit the enemy command.
Suddenly, the Hunan Army was in chaos and fled in panic, while the Red Army took advantage of the victory to pursue it.
The Gan Army came later than the Hunan Army. When they learned that the Hunan Army was defeated, they also retreated in a hurry. The Red Army won the battle to defend the Huangyangjie.
He Tingying's former residence
After Mao Zedong returned to Jinggangshan, he was very happy to listen to He Tingying's report and wrote " Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan "
The flags at the foot of the mountain are looking at, and the drums and horns on the top of the mountain are heard. The enemy's army is surrounded by thousands of people, so I remain unmoved. We have already tightened barriers and have become more united. The sound of cannons in the Huangyang Realm was reported to the enemy's escape at night.
died young and Mao Zedong lost his beloved general
At the end of 1928, Comrade He Tingying served as the Party representative and Party Secretary of the 28th Regiment.
He Tingying came to the 28th Regiment and always adhered to the correct line of building the army, strengthened party education, and personally taught classes to the entire Regiment's party branch members, companies and battalion representatives and political cadres.
Because he attached importance to the political and ideological work of the commander, the political atmosphere of the regiment quickly became new.
On January 14, 1929, He Tingying led the main force of the Red Fourth Army with Mao Zedong, Zhu De and others to leave Jinggangshan to fight for Gannan .
htmlOn January 24, the Red Army launched a fierce battle with the enemy in Dayu . During the battle, He Tingying was unfortunately seriously injured.
Mao Zedong was very concerned about Tingying's injuries, and asked Chen Yi to tell Lin Biao (the then commander of the 28th Regiment of the Red Fourth Army) to take good care of him and transfer him to a safe area. Lin Biao did not pay enough attention.
Later, the 28th Regiment moved east from Dayu and walked to Jitan Village. He was attacked by an enemy. He Tingying, who was seriously injured, fell off his horse and died unfortunately at the age of 24. After Mao Zedong learned of He Tingying's sacrifice, he felt sad.
Chairman Mao never forgot He Tingying and has always missed this revolutionary comrade-in-arms.In March 1951, Chairman Mao, who was busy with all kinds of things, wrote a letter to the Hanzhong Regional Party Committee and Government, asking them to know what the living conditions of He Tingying's relatives were like? Are there any difficulties at home?
Martyr He Tingying was an outstanding member of our party and one of the early leaders of the Red Army. He made contributions to the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. His lifelong battle and his spirit of sacrifice for the revolution will always educate and inspire us.
