Yangdu
When Yuan Shikai established the Tianjin Prefecture Autonomous Research Institute, Yang Du was hired as the consultant of the institute.
In April 1908, under the joint recommendation of Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zhidong , Yang Du was appointed as the promotion of the Constitutional Editor's Office, and the official title of the fourth-rank Jingtang. Later, Empress Dowager Cixi appointed Yang Du as a lecturer and explained the essence of constitutionalism to the royal relatives and nobles in Summer Palace .
Guangxu After the death of Emperor Cixi and Empress Dowager Cixi, the political structure of the Qing court took place major changes. Yuan Shikai was also demoted back to his hometown. When Yuan Shikai took his family out of Beijing, only Yang Du and Yan Xiu saw him off among his relatives, friends and old friends.
Although Yuan Shikai left the capital, he has been carrying out various political activities. Yang Du has been writing letters to Yuan Shikai, giving advice and making a comeback.
After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, some people advised Yuan Shikai to make a comeback, but Yang Du believed that the time was not yet ripe, so he asked Yuan Shikai to adopt a steady strategy and then look at the development of the situation to make a decision.
Yuan Shikai accepted Yang Du's suggestion. At the same time, Yang Du instructed the Beiyang Group to create momentum, "No one can support the situation."
The Qing government had no choice but to ask Yuan Shikai to come out again and was ordered to organize the cabinet. Yang Du was also on the list of the new cabinet and served as deputy minister of the school department, and was promoted to four levels in a row.
The most influential thing that Yang Du did for Yuan Shikai was to secretly participate in peace talks between the north and the south and strive to promote the unification of the north and the south.
On December 7, 1911, the Qing government appointed Yuan Shikai as the Minister of Peacekeeping Affairs, who was fully responsible for peace talks with the South. Yuan Shikai considered the relationship between Yang Du and Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing , and appointed Tang Shaoyi as the general representative of the negotiations on .
However, Tang Shaoyi's peace talks with the South did not achieve a result that satisfies Yuan Shikai. Instead, the southern provinces chose Sun Yat-sen as the interim president.
This made Yuan Shikai extremely angry and stopped Tang Shaoyi's mission of peace delegation, allowing Yang Du to use his special identity to clear the relationship between the north and the south.
Yuan Shikai
Yang Du quickly found the key point of the problem. It is impossible to change the result. He could only convince Mr. Sun Yat-sen to publicly state that being president is only temporary.
Yang Du secretly met Mr. Sun Yat-sen as Yuan Shikai's personal representative. Mr. Sun Yat-sen said that as long as Yuan Shikai could force the Qing emperor to abdicate, he would resign as the temporary president.
Yang Du's success in lobbying for revolutionaries in Shanghai helped Yuan Shikai ascend the throne of the interim president of the Republic of China. The arrogant Yang Du thought that he was the position of Prime Minister of the new government. But unexpectedly, Yang Du didn't even get a position of total length.
Yang Du was very angry about this and left Beijing silently and went to Qingdao to recuperate.
In April 1915, Yang Du wrote "On the Constitution of the Lord and the Constitution of the Country", expounding the view that "non-constitutional establishment is not enough to save the country, and non-monarchal establishment is not enough to establish a constitution."
At that time, Yuan Shikai had already had the idea of becoming an emperor, and this article was in line with his thoughts.
Under Yuan Shikai's command, Yang Du invited Sun Yujun , Hu Ying , Liu Shipei , Yan Fu , Li Xie (adding to Yang Du, he was called " Cao'anhui Six Gentlemen") and others to publish articles one after another to discuss the implementation of the imperial system of national system .
Yang Du and others created public opinion for Yuan Shikai's restoration, and the restoration was on the verge of being on the string. Yang Du and others also personally drafted the book of recommendation, but Yuan Shikai did not accept it immediately, obviously he wanted to be "hum". When Yang Du drafted the book of Dai for the second time, Yuan Shikai accepted it.
December 12, 1915, Yuan Shikai was named .
We all know that Yuan Shikai had been emperor for only 83 days and died amid the slaughter of condemnation across the country.
When Yuan Shikai was mourning, Yang Du also made an elegiac couplet in the spirit shed:
"The Republic of China was misleading to the Republic of China, Republic of China misleading to the Republic; after a hundred generations, this prison was pacified again
Jun Xian betrayed Ming Gong, Ming Gong betrayed the Lord Xian; under the nine springs, three refusals are said"
After Yuan Shikai died, he began to pursue the culprit for restoring the imperial system. In the "Punishment of the Crime of the Imperial System" issued by President Li Yuanhong , Yang Tai ranked first.
The imperial system failed, the warmth and coldness of human feelings, and the withering of teachers and friends. All of this was a heavy blow to Yang Du.
The political ideal of constitutional monarchy was shattered. Yang Du was discouraged for a while and turned to Buddhism and , focusing on Buddha.
Yang Du
Rescue Li Dazhao
In September 1922, Yang Du came to Shanghai and met Mr. Sun Yat-sen, expressing his willingness to follow Mr. Sun Yat-sen on the road of democratic revolution.
However, Yang Du's reputation is too great. What will other people in the Kuomintang think about a person who advocates constitutional monarchy?
Mr. Sun Yat-sen hopes that Yang Du will issue a statement to give everyone an explanation, and then join the Kuomintang.
Yang Du, who has a proud personality, did not join the Kuomintang without writing, but Yang Du followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen and began to embark on the path of democratic revolution and work for the Kuomintang.
At the residence of Mr. Mo Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai, Yang Du met Li Dazhao for the first time. In fact, Yang Du has read many articles by Li Dazhao before and has a deep admiration for Li Dazhao.
Li Dazhao
In the autumn of the same year, Yang Du met Li Dazhao again in Beijing. Li Dazhao once told Yang Du this:
"The thicker the fog on the sea, the more it needs to be guided by the light. If you see that light, you won't be departing."
After many conversations, Yang Du's thoughts began to change, expressing his willingness to do more beneficial things for his Communist friends.
Yang Du uses his relationship with an important figure in the Duan Qirui government to learn some insider information and tell Li Dazhao in time.
One day in April 1927, Yang Du attended Xiong Xiling's daughter's wedding. Inadvertently, I got a top secret news from my old friend Wang Daxie (former chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Beiyang Government) that Zhang Zuolin was about to arrest the Communist Party member in the Soviet embassy.
Yang Du broke out in a cold sweat and refused to let go of the matter at home and left halfway. When he returned home, Yang Du asked his son Yang Gongshu to visit Zhang Shizhao immediately and asked Zhang Shizhao to tell Li Dazhao that he was in danger.
After receiving the news, some people did not believe that Zhang Zuolin dared to come here to arrest people. Except for a few comrades who moved elsewhere, Li Dazhao and others did not leave.
On April 6, Zhang Zuolin sent people to surround the Soviet embassy, arrested 36 people, including Li Dazhao, and detained in the detention center of the Beijing Police Department.
Yang Du went to meet Zhang Zuolin regardless of his personal safety and solemnly proposed that Li Dazhao and others should be handed over to the local court for trial, hoping to win time to rescue Li Dazhao.
Yang Du also sold his house in Beijing and raised 4,500 yuan to rescue Li Dazhao from prison. Yang Du also contacted many celebrities to participate in the rescue.
On April 28, 1927, more than 20 revolutionary comrades including Li Dazhao were killed by Zhang Zuolin with hanged and killed.
Li Dazhao's sacrifice made Yang Du very sad, made him realize the reactionary nature of the Beiyang warlord , and also moved him by the great spirit of the Communists to uphold the truth and dedicate themselves to the revolution.
Later, Yang Du sold Qingdao's real estate and valuable jewelry to help the families of the victims.
Premier Zhou’s Instructions
1928, Yang Du came to Shanghai to make a living by selling characters and writing inscriptions for others. Yang Duwen is outstanding in his talent, and there are endless people who come to ask for his name and have a lot of rewards.
In addition to daily expenses, Yang Du donated all the money to Shanghai's "China Freedom Movement League" and " China Revolutionary Mutual Aid ". These two institutions were initiated and established by Lu Xun and Guo Moruo respectively.
Yang Du's righteous act was also valued by the Shanghai underground party organization of the Communist Party of China. Communist Party member Wang Shaoxian and Yang Du are fellow villagers and often chat with each other. Wang Shaoxian also often brings some progressive books and magazines to Yang Du.
1929, Chen Geng, head of the Shanghai Special Section of the Communist Party of China, came to Yang Du's home accompanied by Wang Shaoxian, hoping that he could do some work for the Communist Party of China. Yang Du immediately agreed and was willing to contribute intelligence to the Communist Party.
Yang Du
At this time, Yang Du was already a private consultant to Du Yuesheng , and has had a wide range of contacts with people from all walks of life in Shanghai.While talking to them casually, top secret information from senior Kuomintang officials was collected. Yang Du then handed it over to the single-line contact person Pan Hannian through a secret channel.
In the autumn of 1929, with the approval of Zhou Enlai, then head of the Special Section of the CPC Central Committee, Yang Du joined the Communist Party of China.
When the white terror was rampant, Yang Du sent his old mother back to Changsha and prepared to sacrifice for the revolution at any time.
Yang Du's residence was Du Yuesheng's private property. The Kuomintang spies did not dare to come in and search, and became an emergency refuge for the Communists.
Dong Jianwu, a member of the Central Special Correspondence Department who had taken Mao Anying and Mao Anying who lived on the streets, lived in Yang Du's house for a while in order to avoid the enemy's arrest after his identity was exposed.
1931, Pan Hannian's work changed, and Xia Yan was responsible for contacting Yang Du single-line. Yang Du wrote about the internal situation of the Kuomintang many times, put it in a large envelope, and handed it to the organization by Xia Yan.
At first, Xia Yan only knew that the person he was in contact with was a secret party member, but he didn't know that he was Yang Du. When Yang Du told Xia Yan that he was "Yang Xizi", Xia Yan was shocked. The former culprit of the imperial system was actually a secret party member.
On September 17, 1931, Yang Du died in Shanghai due to illness.
Yang Du worked loyally for the cause of the Party in the last two years of his life, but his underground secret activities were particularly confidential, and only a few CCP leaders knew about it.
In the winter of 1975, Premier Zhou, who was in the ward, was still thinking about Yang Du's party membership issue. Premier Zhou called his secretary to his side and asked him to tell the relevant person in charge:
"When Yuan Shikai became emperor, Yang Du, the first person in the 'Six Gentlemen of the Preparation and Security Council, finally joined the Communist Party. I introduced and directly led him. Please tell the editorial department of Shanghai " Cihai ". If there is a "Yang Du" in "Cihai", write down the story of his last joining the Communist Party."
1978, Xia Yan, Li Yimang and others followed Zhou Enlai's instructions and published commemorative articles in " People's Daily ", and made Yang Du's unique contributions to the party in his later years and his unique contributions to the party.
