In the 1950s, the country began to vigorously carry out industrial construction, and Chairman Mao attached great importance to it.
Once, when talking about the development of China's industrial development, Mao Zedong said: There are four people who cannot forget to develop industry...
Which four people are there? Why does Chairman Mao attach so much importance to it?
1. When talking about heavy industry, you cannot forget Zhang Zhidong
Zhang Zhidong is a giant in the late Qing Dynasty and is known as " Xiangshuai ".
When the new China was established, Xiang Shuai had passed away for 40 years. Even so, Mao Zedong still remembered him because Zhang Zhidong made an indelible contribution to the development of China's heavy industry.
Zhang Zhidong has excellent abilities. He is in , the of the Qing Dynasty, and his thoughts are not lagging behind, a bit ahead of the decadent era of the late Qing Dynasty.
1884's Sino-French War , the most outstanding performance was Feng Zicai , but what people don't know is that the official who boldly launched Feng Zicai was Xiangshuai Zhang Zhidong.
1889, Zhang Zhidong submitted a report to the court: We should build a railway from Lugou Bridge to Wuhan on our own! What the suggestion of
Zhang Zhidong is " Luhan Railway ", which was later called " Jinghan Railway ".
is so brave that foreigners build their own things, which means that Xiangshuai has such courage.
The imperial court approved the construction of the Luhan Railway, and two senior officials were responsible. One was the Governor of Zhili , responsible for the northern section; the other was the Governor of Huguang , responsible for the southern section.
Soon, Zhang Zhidong was transferred to the position of governor of Huguang.
Luhan Railway has been established, but the construction of railways requires a large amount of steel, and other industrialization developments are inseparable from steel. Zhang Zhidong proposed to build " Hanyang Iron Plant ".
Therefore, the construction of the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway has not yet begun, and the construction of the Hanyang Iron and Steel Plant has begun.
By 1893, the construction of the Hanyang Iron and Steel Plant was completed. At that moment, "Hanyang Iron Factory" instantly became an Asian star enterprise because it is the largest steel factory in Asia. At that time, the development of Japan's steel industry was lagging behind that of Hanyang Iron Factory.
If the ruler was not the corrupt Qing Dynasty at that time, we could foresee China's development and also predict Japan's defeat in Sino-Japanese War .
In addition to the Beijing-Hankou Railway and Hanyang Iron and Steel Plant, Zhang Zhidong also presided over the establishment of Hubei Weaving Layout and Hubei Guns and Cannon Factory . Later, the " Hanyang " on the land of China was the blessing of Zhang Zhidong.
focuses on construction, Daxing Westernization , holding various schools, Zhang Zhidong became a sensational figure of that era. For a moment, the limelight was comparable to Li Hongzhang , and Wuhan also became the third largest Westernization base outside Tianjin and Shanghai.
It can be said that the subsequent development of heavy industry in China is due to Zhang Zhidong opening the "door of heavy industry".
Although it cost a lot at first and the product quality is low, what is important is that the first step taken is too important.
In 1906, the Beijing-Han Railway (Luhan Railway) was completed, and Zhang Zhidong must have been relieved at that time.
Therefore, Zhang Zhidong should not be forgotten in the development of heavy industry, Chairman Mao’s statement makes sense.
2. When talking about light industry, you must not forget Zhang Jian [jiǎn]
Chairman Mao said that to develop light industry, you must never forget Zhang Jian.
Who is Zhang Jian? He was born in 1853.
1894, in that stormy year, the little Japanese attacked the Qing Dynasty and achieved a brilliant victory in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. In this year, Zhang Jian passed the top scorer at the age of 41.
The top talent must be reused, otherwise talents will be wasted.
A pair of deep eyes discovered Zhang Jian, a special talent, and the owner of those eyes was Zhang Zhidong.
Zhang Zhidong proposed to the court: Zhang Jian is talented and hopes that the court will send Zhang Jian to build a yarn mill.
The court attached great importance to Zhang Zhidong's recommendation. Therefore, since 1895, Zhang Jian began to build a yarn mill, and the location was chosen in Tangjiazha, Nantong, Jiangsu.
This is not a fat man, it is extremely testable. If Zhang Jian is a little weak, he will inevitably give up and escape.
The yarn chief needs to be prepared, "money" is the most important, the problem is that there is no money.
After discussion, the court suggested: to become a complete private enterprise and the state will provide policies.
"No money" is the first difficulty, how to break through?
Issuance financing. This is very fresh.
At that time, shares were raised in Shanghai and Nantong , and 6,000 shares were issued, with a total planned raising of 600,000 taels of silver.
But who would have thought it was too difficult. The concept is very advanced, but if you invest in stocks, you are either an official or a rich person, but Zhang Jian's identity is very embarrassing.
At that time, Zhang Jian was not a high-ranking official like Zhang Zhidong (with court endorsement), he was not a big businessman, and his family was not rich, and even his salary and income depended on the academy's lecture fees. It's difficult! Identity is not recognized and it is difficult to get a step by step.
But there is a turning point. At that time, the Governor of Liangjiang took out the fast-rusting yarn machine shelved in Shanghai for a price of 500,000 taels, and planned to raise another 500,000 taels.
This has become a typical "official and business joint venture".
Later, the business celebrity Sheng Xuanhuai intentionally intervened. He paid half of the money for the yarn machine, which was equivalent to the 250,000 taels of yarn machine produced by the court and 250,000 taels of yarn machine produced by Sheng Xuanhuai. In addition, 250,000 taels were raised.
Sheng Xuanhuai intervened, and this matter became simple.
In 1899, the yarn mill was completed and put into production. This is the famous " Dasheng yarn mill ", which was a famous industrialized cotton textile enterprise at that time.
is very popular because it is scarce, and the profits of the cotton mill are quite generous.
1903, 1907, and 1921, and Dasheng Factory 2, 3 and 4 were established respectively.
Zhang Jian continued to run other industries except for the yarn mill.
In 1909, Zhang Jian planned to build the Nantong Electric Light Factory.
After the founding of the Republic of China, Zhang Jian served as the chief of industry, coordinated the establishment of Dacong Telephone Company, established the first civil meteorological observatory, and also focused on industries such as water conservancy and people's livelihood.
In short, Zhang Jian, the top scholar, made great contributions to the development of China's light industry, so he voted as "the most respected figure in China" in 1922.
However, after 1923, a crisis occurred in the cotton textile industry, and Dasheng Spin Mill was in extremely difficult situation. At that time, the national warlords were divided and divided, and ultimately failed to save Dasheng, leading to a complete decline.
In 1926, Zhang Jian passed away at the age of 73.
This person's contribution to light industry is remembered by many people, including Mao Zedong, so there is Mao Zedong's words: Don't forget Zhang Jian when developing light industry.
3. When talking about the chemical industry, you must not forget Fan Xudong
Speaking of Fan Xudong (born in 1883), we have to say that his grandfather, his grandfather was once a magistrate.
Is the county magistrate very big? Not big, but it can give children and grandchildren many opportunities for learning and employment. However, Fan Xudong only had such a grandfather. In 1889, his grandfather and his father died one after another, and his family fell sharply.
Fortunately, his aunt's family is good, and he sponsored him to go to school.
Fan Xudong and his brother did not follow the imperial examination. In 1897, Fan Xudong and his brother Fan Yuanlian were admitted to Hunan Current Affairs School. While learning practical knowledge, they thought about how to save the country and the people.
Young people are always impulsive. During the Hundred Days Reform, the two brothers of Fan Xudong also arrived in the capital. After the failure of the reform movement, the brother went to Japan with a group of classmates, and 16-year-old Fan Xudong continued to study at home.
At that time, Fan Xudong would have become a useless nerd if no one helped him. At this time, he needs a noble person. The noble man is here, he is his brother. My brother returned to the motherland with various new ideas and participated in an uprising. After the failure of the uprising, the older brother Fan Yuanlian took his younger brother Fan Xudong to Japan.
After several years of study, Fan Xudong was admitted to the Department of Chemical Industry of Kyoto Imperial University in Japan .
Fan Xudong had no expectations for the Qing Dynasty. After graduating in 1910, he stayed at school to teach. If , the Qing Dynasty, , did not fall, he might not have come back.
A year later, the Republic of China was established, and Fan Xudong returned to his motherland without any hesitation.What is
doing? Liang Qichao said: Go to the Ministry of Finance!
OK, Fan Xudong followed the arrangements of his old friend. 1913 was the turning point of Fan Xudong. This year he was sent to Europe to inspect salt industry .
Once he went abroad, he felt it very deeply. He was also a top student from the Department of Chemical Industry!
, so he had the idea of starting an industry.
1915, Fan Xudong and several others prepared Jiuda Jingyan Company with a total share capital of 50,000 yuan. Fan Xudong is one of the shareholders. Understand management and professional skills, Fan Xudong became the general manager.
In 1918, Fan Xudong founded Wynn Alkaline Production Company, and from this moment on his career was about to take off. At that time, he was 35 years old, and it was the time to do his career.
Later, Fan Xudong established a series of related chemical industry companies, including Jiuda Precision Salt Company and Wynn Alkaline Factory, Jiuda Precision Salt Factory, Yongyu Salt Company, Wynn Chemical Industry Company, etc. In addition, he also established Huanghai Chemical Industry Research Society and served as vice president of the Republic of China Chemical Industry for a long time.
Fan Xudong's enterprise was able to produce high-quality soda ash in 1926; in 1937, it produced the first batch of ammonium sulfate products; in 1943, it developed a "new joint alkali production process".
At that time, Fan Xudong was not only the leader of China's chemical industry, but also a very outstanding chemical industry figure in Asia.
In 1945, when Mao Zedong went to Chongqing, he met Fan Xudong and had a cordial conversation.
Due to overwork, Fan Xudong died of illness on October 4 of that year at the age of 62.
Mao Zedong had a very good impression of Fan Xudong. Whenever he talked about the chemical industry, he could quickly tell about Fan Xudong.
4. When it comes to transportation, you must not forget Lu Zuofu
Lu Zuofu is a miracle. If you understand what he does, you will not deny this.
Lu Zuofu was born in 1893, the same year as Chairman Mao.
This life is in Hechuan, Sichuan. I like to study, but my family is too poor. I have never been to any formal school since 1907.
Lu Zuofu's ambitions were lofty. When he was in his teens, he thought about how to save the country and the people. After dropping out of school, he joined Tongmenghui in 1910.
1913, watching the failure of the Second Revolution led by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, Lu Zuofu went from Chengdu to Shanghai.
In Shanghai, Lu Zuofu met the great man, whose name was Huang Yanpei . Lao Huang was already 35 years old at the time, but he admired the 20-year-old Lu Zuofu very much. And he introduced Lu Zuofu to be an editor at Commercial Press.
Lao Huang's heart, Xiao Lu took over, and he insisted on going home to build his hometown.
So, there was a young man with knowledge in Hechuan. He first taught in middle school and later helped compile the "Hechuan County Chronicles". Hechuan is still too shallow, and Lu Zuofu has limited space to play. He went to Chengdu and served as the editor, chief editor and reporter of "Top News" and "Chuan Daily". In 1919, 26-year-old Lu Zuofu served as the editor-in-chief of the "Cluster Newspaper".
26 is really awesome to be the editor-in-chief. At that time, he was full of energy and advocated "education to save the country"
A few years later, he had a new view: education to save the country, industry to save the country, and taking a two-pronged approach will be the greatest help to the country.
In the autumn of 1925, Xiao Lu returned to his hometown Hechuan again. He was about to start an industry. He opened a "Minsheng Industrial Company", with business direction: shipping.
At first, there was little money and few people. They customized a 70.5-ton iron-shelled ship with the route "-He" (Chongqing to Hechuan).
Don’t look down on this very low starting point. Three years later, they have two more ships and three routes have been added. The important thing is that one route is the " Chongqing-Shanghai Line". What does this mean? I think everyone knows because this is a golden route.
The warlord at that time, Liu Xiang, discovered that Lu Zuofu was a talent and appointed him as the director of the Sichuan River Navigation Management Office. This is a good thing, and the official is in front of the official, and shipping cannot be lost.
By 1931, Minsheng Company also acquired seven upstream companies, four downstream Chinese shipping companies, and ten ships. This is a large-scale shipping company.
is doing business while not forgetting patriotism. Because Japan invaded Northeast China and encroached on North China, Lu Zuofu established the Beibei Anti-Japanese and National Rescue Volunteers. Most businessmen really dare not punish this behavior.
The premise of Lu Zuofu in business is: patriotism first!
In 1935, Lu Zuofu completely controlled the upstream and downstream shipping of Yangtze River , and squeezed out all foreign shipping companies.
At this time, Lu Zuofu attracted more attention.
In 1937, Lu Zuofu already owned 46 ships and 4,000 employees. "People's Livelihood" has become a giant enterprise, and he has also been named "China's Ship King".
After the war of resistance began, Lu Zuofu's shipping company transported a lot of important strategic materials to the country.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Lu Zuofu was an alternative hero and made a lot of contributions. After the civil war broke out, Lu Zuofu's shipping company was greatly affected. The Kuomintang was defeated and retreated to the treasure island in the south. Chiang Kai-shek once invited Lu Zuofu to go there, but was rejected by Lu Zuofu, who was in Hong Kong.
At the invitation of Zhou Enlai, Lu Zuofu returned to his motherland in June 1950.
In order to help Minsheng Company and Lu Zuofu, Zhou Enlai and others paid off the debts owed to Canada by Minsheng Company. Lu Zuofu returned to the mainland of the motherland with more than 20 ships stranded in the port and more than 20 million US dollars of physical property.
If Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai are still far away from Zhang Zhidong and others, Lu Zuofu is very close. After all, he has joined the construction of New China.
Unfortunately, in just two years, Lu Zuofu died of illness in Chongqing at the age of 59.
Chairman Mao has a long-term vision and broad mind. While developing the new China, he has not forgotten those who have made great contributions to the past industrial development. Therefore, there are four people in China's industrial development. When talking about heavy industry, they cannot forget Zhang Zhidong; when talking about light industry, they cannot forget Zhang Jian [jiǎn]; when talking about chemical industry, they cannot forget Fan Xudong; when talking about transportation, they cannot forget Lu Zuofu .
