html conquering streptococci DOMAK DOMAK 3 DOMAK 3 DOMAK 4 5 Gerhard DOMAK 
DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1 DOMAK 1
By the beginning of the 20th century, humans had invented and possessed some chemical drugs with significant efficacy, which could cure protozoosomiasis and spirochete diseases, but were helpless against bacterial diseases. People are trying to develop a new drug to conquer pathogens that seriously threaten human health. This difficulty was finally solved in 1932 by the 32-year-old German pharmacist, pathology, and bacteriologist Gerhard Domak.
Domak won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1939 for discovering the antibacterial effect of Bailangduoxi. In the past, the synthetic chemical substance Bailang Duoxi was only used as a red dye, and Doumark's discovery opened a new era of antibacteriality for synthetic drugs.
On October 30, 1895, Domak was born in a beautiful town in Brandenburg, Germany. His father was the vice-principal of a local school where he lived a carefree childhood. After graduating from high school, he was admitted to Kill University because he was very interested in medicine and studied medicine. But not long after I went to school, World War I broke out, and 19-year-old Thomack joined the army and was injured on the battlefield in December of that year. After recovering from the rest, he was driven to serve as a field doctor because he had undergone a short medical training and went to the Russian battlefield as a member of the German army.
In a battlefield hospital in Russia, he saw a tragic scene that would never be forgotten by him for life. In the era when there were no antibacterial drugs, when facing cholera , typhus , wound infections and various other infectious diseases, doctors were helpless and could only watch the patient gradually fade and die. The wounded injured were forced to undergo amputation surgery, but the postoperative infection could easily take their lives. These experiences left him a deep and strong understanding: people are so fragile and powerless in the face of small bacteria.
World War I ended , Germany lost. In 1918, Domak returned to Keel University to continue his studies. In order to regain the time he was delayed by the war, he devoted himself to his studies and gave up a lot of rest time. In 1921, he passed the National Medical Examination and obtained his Doctor of Medicine.
After graduating in the same year, Domak took up a job at Münster University and became a lecturer in pathology and bacteria .
1929, German chemical giant Fabran funded the establishment of a research institute at the University of Munster, and Domak also worked part-time as a researcher at the company.
"Faben Company" has a great background. It is a merger of six large chemical companies that closely cooperated during the battle with . These companies basically started with dyes, and during World War I contracted more than half of the world's dye supply. After the birth of Farbourne, the founders of the company began to try to expand their business to a more advanced and promising drug field.
Maybe everyone will find it ridiculous: Why do companies selling dyes think for no reason to enter the pharmaceutical industry?
In fact, as early as 1856, scientists discovered that a certain purple dye could pass through the outer shell of a bacteria and color the bacteria; later some people discovered that some synthetic dyes had an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria. Therefore, it is not a illusion that Faben wants to turn its dye into a safe and effective antibacterial drug.
and the institute where Domak worked was established for this goal.
When I started the research, Thomas did not expect to succeed.There are thousands of dyes, and there are hundreds of common pathogenic bacteria. It is not easy to find out which dye can inhibit which bacteria under which dose. He conducted experiments on mice for three years and found nothing. Until the fall of 1932, he discovered that the red dye "Bailangduoxi" (a type of sulfonamide drug ) had a good therapeutic effect on mice infected with hemolytic streptococci !
Bailangduoxi was originally a red dye
However, in the face of this experimental results, Domak did not show much excitement and joy. Bailang Duoxi can save the genius mice infected by bacteria, but genius mice are different from humans after all. Thomak, who is used to the cruelty of war and life and death, showed a pessimistic attitude. He did not think that the storm and breath would have much effect on humans.
But at this moment, something unexpected happened. One day in 1932, Thomak's cute three-year-old daughter accidentally cut her finger while playing. She burst into tears. Thomak immediately disinfected her wound. As a result, on the second day, the little girl entered a continuous high fever, and the scratched fingers swollen. When she came to the hospital, the doctor announced that she was " streptococci infection with ".
Streptococcus infection
B group strepcoccal
"Strepcoccal infection" refers to diseases caused by strepcoccal bacteria invading the human body. The most common ones are infectious diseases, such as acute tonsillitis , pneumonia, etc. In modern times, strepcoccal infection is easy to treat and cure. However, in that era, it was equivalent to being attracted by the god of death.
The wife cried in a dark state, but Thomak calmed down and rushed to the laboratory. He decided to save his precious daughter. At the last moment, Thomak resolutely asked her to take the next dose of Bailangduoji, and a miracle happened like this: her daughter's condition improved rapidly, and she was lucky enough to take it back into her father's arms from the god of death.
Domak used Bailangduoxi to cure the streptococci infection of his youngest daughter, setting a precedent for the development of sulfonamide drugs and the treatment of infectious diseases. Bailangduoxi can decompose the effective metabolite para-aminosulfonamide in the body. Para-aminosulfonamide and para-aminobenzoic acid necessary for the growth and reproduction of bacteria are very similar on chemical structure . It is swallowed by bacteria without discernment of authenticity, but it cannot function as a nutrient for bacterial growth. Therefore, the bacteria die because they cannot obtain nutrients. Three years after Domak saved his daughter, clinicians began to test the effect of Bailangduoxi on a large number of volunteer patients. The result is gratifying: this red dye does have a wonderful rejuvenation effect. After
, the news quickly spread all over the world. British doctors even tried to use it to treat puerperal infection with , which also had good results. In 1936, Bailangduoxi was introduced to the United States across the Atlantic Ocean. In the winter of that year, a doctor in Boston used it to cure streptococcal throat of President Roosevelt . Its success has attracted countless outstanding chemists and medical scientists to join this field and ushered in a new era of the development of synthetic compounds.
Therefore, when the list of Nobel Prize was announced in 1939, people were not surprised at all. It was surprising that after the Nobel Prize Committee announced that Domak won the award, he was arrested by Gestapo secret police .
It turns out that one week before the announcement of the Physiology or Medicine Prize 3 Nazi opponent Karl von Ositsky won the Nobel Peace Prize . This greatly angered the German Nazi government, so it urgently introduced laws that stipulated that Germans could not accept the Nobel Prize. Thomak was held for a week before having to reject the award. The medal that originally belonged to him was waiting for 8 years before he returned to his master's hands in 1947 after the fall of the Nazis.
However, the Nobel Prize was not where the Nazis hurt Thomas the deepest. His hometown, Brandenburg, was separated from Nazi Germany and merged into Poland, so Thomak lost his hometown; his mother lost contact with him during the chaos of World War II, and finally starved to death in the refugee camp in 1945, so Thomak also lost his mother because of the Nazis. Although
has achieved great success, the discovery of Bailang Duoxi's antibacterial effects did not bring material benefits to Doumak. He has no patent rights, and even failed to get the Nobel Prize because he delayed receiving the prize. But Domak never complained about it. In 1964, before he died of a heart disease, he was not retired at the age of 69 and was still in the laboratory to study the medical uses of synthetic compounds, because he believed that chemotherapy would become a major force in cancer treatment. If he could see the widespread use of chemotherapy today, he would be relieved.
Domak
using microscope
