In this territory of China, in fact, over the past thousands of years of development, there have been repeated changes. This is because the past was an era of war and peace. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, although all the countries were united, they were all the Han people in the Central Plains in annexation war. However, since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were Five Barbarians invading China. The Han people declined and ethnic minorities began to rise.
However, after hundreds of years of turmoil, Emperor Wen of Sui unified the Central Plains, and later experienced Tang Dynasty . But at the end of the Tang Dynasty, ethnic minority regimes began to rise again. By the Northern Song period, although Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin unified the Han people, his territory was no longer as large as before, because there were many ethnic minority regimes during this period, including Liao Kingdom , Jin Kingdom , Xixia , etc. nomadic peoples are strong, , , the Song Dynasty, cannot compete, so the territory continues to shrink. So, what ethnic groups are the Liao and Jin dynasties? Where did they rule in history today?
Yelu AbaojiHanjing Hanjing Chai Rong died, and his seven-year-old young son ascended the throne, known in history as Emperor Gong of . However, because he was young, he could not be in charge of affairs, and at the same time, the powerful ministers established together, and the young master became a puppet emperor. The Imperial General Zhao Kuangyin was even more valued. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin released his military power through cups of wine in , and realized the yellow robe, thus forcing Emperor Gong of Zhou to abdicate and establish the Song Dynasty.
However, in order to distinguish it from the Song Dynasty established by Zhao Gou in in Jiankang , the Song Dynasty established by Zhao Kuangyin is known in history as the Northern Song Dynasty. Originally, Zhao Kuangyin wanted to unify the Central Plains and restore the territory of the Tang Dynasty, but he had not had time and died. However, because of the rebellion, Shi Jingtang of the Later Tang Dynasty rebelled, in order to seek help from Khitan , he ceded Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, including Beijing and Hebei.
After obtaining this land, the Liao Kingdom increased its strength greatly, and at the same time used this place as the basis for the southward invasion. Since , Song Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty has collected -year-old monies from the Liao Kingdom. So, what kind of existence is the Liao Kingdom? Why did the Song Dynasty be a "subject" to offer tribute?
Liao Kingdom was a country established by Yelu Abaoji in 907 AD. The main ethnic group was Khitan . Yelu Abao is extremely smart and has both civil and military skills. At the same time, he is also committed to learning Han culture, so he is well versed in the art of military strategy and unified the Khitan tribe in one fell swoop. Later, the Liao Kingdom experienced Liao Shizong and Liao Muzong , and Liao Jingzong . Liao thus entered its heyday. At that time, the Jurchen had to bow down and surrender.
Because During the reign of Emperor Jingzong of Liao, he vigorously appointed virtuous people and fought less frequently, so the politics of the country was rare and the Liao Kingdom entered its heyday. However, Liao Jingzong lived a short lifespan and died very early. The Liao Dynasty had Liao Daozong, who was full of joy and joy. At this time, the Jurchen tribe had gradually become stronger. In 1112 AD, Wanyan Aguda went to Chunzhou to congratulate Emperor Tianzuo. Because he did not dance for him, the Liao Kingdom and the Jurchens fell into a state of disagreement.
In 1128 AD, the soldiers of the Jurchens captured Yingzhou. The Emperor Tianzuo of Liao was captured by the Jin people, and the people were sent to the Jurchens to Beijing. After more than 200 years of destruction of the Liao Kingdom. Judging from the area where Yingzhou is located, the territory of the Liao Kingdom includes today's Inner Mongolia.
However, in the heyday of Liao Jingzong, the territory of Liao was very large. The territory line in the northeast of had reached Sakhalin Island . The north was close to the area of Shileka River in the middle of today's in Mongolia , the west to Altai Mountain, and the south to today's Haihe in Jinshi City, Baxian, Hebei Province, and Yanmen Pass in Shanxi Province and the Northern Song Dynasty, which was the area of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun at that time. A vast territory like is fully in line with the "million-mile" described in " Liao History ".
From this, we can conclude that the Liao Kingdom in history mainly includes today's three northeastern provinces, , the west, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei and Tianjin, mainly the areas north of the Yellow River.
Jin Kingdom established by Wanyan Aguda
Jurchen tribe was first defeated by the Liao Kingdom, so it had to shrink to a smaller area for development. However, in the late stage of the development of the Liao Kingdom, the kings were addicted to peace and the people were living in poverty. Therefore, the Jurchens captured the Liao Kingdom in 1128, and the Liao Kingdom has since perished. In fact, before conquering the Liao Kingdom, the Jurchen tribe had been completely unified by Wanyan Aguda in 1115 and established the Jin Kingdom .
existed by the Jurchens, so it was not until 1127 that the famous humiliation of the Song Dynasty - " Jingkang Shame ". Later, the Jin Kingdom destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty and entered the Central Plains, but the main area was in North China. Later, was invincible because the Mongolian cavalry led by Genghis Khan , and the Jin people were defeated and had to move north. By the , the period of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens began to recover again, and had three tribes, including , Jianzhou Jurchens and Haixi Jurchens.
was later recovered by Nurhaci , and a unified Later Jin was established. In 1635 AD, Huang Taiji changed his clan name to the Jurchens in Shenyang to the Manchu tribe. The following year, the Dajin changed to Daqing . In 1644, Qing dynasty established by Manchu entered the Central Plains, becoming the last feudal dynasty in ancient Chinese history. From the history of the development of the Jurchens, we can know that the Jurchens were the later Manchus, but at that time it was no longer the Jin Kingdom, but the Later Jin Dynasty, and later the Qing Dynasty.
So, how big is the territory of the Jin Kingdom that was prosperous in history? During the Liao Dynasty, the main scope of the Jurchen tribe was: to reach , Yalu River, , Changbai Mountain area to the north, to the middle reaches of Heilongjiang, and to the east, to the Sea of Japan. Later, Wanyan Aguda unified these tribes, so all the tribes of the Jurchen were included in the Jin Dynasty, and entered its heyday during the Xizong period.
At that time, the territory of the Jin Kingdom was at the south of the Qinling Huaihe line, to the west, to the current Liupanshui area, to the east, to the estuary of the Amur River in , and to the east, to the Songhua River in and the Amur River in today's Russia, and to the north, it was even close to the Tatar Strait , and to the north, it had reached the east of the Greater Xing'anling and the middle and upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River.
Place these areas on today's map, and you can find that the Jin Dynasty in history mainly included the three northeastern provinces of , Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi and Hubei, with very vast territory. and other regions are no longer our territory now, so I will not explain them one by one.
Conclusion
Although Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was good at his ability, he did not live long and did not solve the territory problems left over from history. Even the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun did not have time to recover. The subsequent policies also determined that the Song Dynasty's military strength was destined to not achieve much success. After all, even basic self-protection became a problem. It can be said that the Song Dynasty was the only era in ancient Chinese history that could be regarded as unified in the Central Plains, but it seemed that it was not unified and was invaded by other powerful nomadic peoples.
However, whether it was the Song Dynasty, the Liao and Jin Dynasties, when we look at the areas they ruled, the descendants that still exist today, or the descendants who have integrated into other ethnic groups, we can find that they have integrated into our big family of China. After all, we are now a unified country with 56 ethnic groups , and we are now as close as one. After , we must also contribute to maintaining national unity and national unity. Only when the country is good can our small families of all ethnic groups be good.
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