Genghis Khan After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Mongolian people did not have writing. Before that, every time they called for war or sent envoys, they had to tie grass or carve wood to record events. When Genghis Khan attacked the Naiman tribe, he captured a man named Tata Tong Awewu'er. He is the national tutor and palm seal officer of Taiyang Khan of the Naiman tribe. Genghis Khan was intelligent by nature, good at speaking, and well versed in the language of his country, so he asked him: "Sun Khan people, the territory belongs to me, where are you going to run with the golden seal in your arms?" Tatatong'a replied: "This is the duty of a minister. I want to find the master and hand it over to him. I have no other plans." Genghis Khan praised him for being loyal to his old master, but he was also very surprised and asked: "You protect this golden seal so hard. How can it be so?" What is its use?" Tata Tong'a said: "It is used for cashiering and appointing talents. This is a test of faith." Genghis Khan asked again: "Do you know the Chinese language well?" Tata Tong'a replied: "Yes, I can serve under your account and serve Mongolia, the country that unified the grasslands." Genghis Khan was overjoyed when he heard this, so he ordered Tata to stay in front of the Great Khan's account.
Genghis Khan listed Tata Tongal as his honored guest
In the eyes of various grassland tribes, the Naiman tribe, which had formed the prototype of the country, represented the civilization of the grassland at that time. Genghis Khan also knew that he could seize the country on horseback, but he could not govern it on horseback. nation. Since finding Tata Tonga, Genghis Khan has treated him well as a guest. Let him teach the princes and kings to learn Uighur writing, and ask Ghatta Tonga for advice on the establishment of administrative agencies.
Now the Mongols have their own king, and there are countless heroes and hundreds of thousands of tribesmen in the huge khanate. At a meeting of ministers, Huoerchi uttered wild words in front of the Khan: "Our Great Khan of Mongolia is the most powerful monarch in the world, and we can defeat any enemy. Genghis Khan, who is sitting on the throne of the Khan, is happy Said: “We, a nation on horseback, now have our own country and our own social organization, and now we seem to lack nothing. "Tata Tong'a kowtowed and said: "If the Great Khan wants to rule the world, the strength of the Great Mongol Khanate will have to undergo a test. The Great Khan should have confidence in his heart. Everyone was very angry when they heard this: "You, a scholar, don't have a single auspicious word, aren't you afraid of beheading?" "
Genghis Khan waved his hand and asked: "Mr. Tata Tonga's words are really amazing! I've heard too much flattery today and I'm tired of it. Now I really want to hear Mr. Tata Tonga's opinions! "Tata Tong'a said bluntly: "When establishing a country and honoring a king, military strategy is not enough. We must also learn literature and Tao. Only in this way can such a huge country stay young forever. Today, our Mongol Khanate is indeed rich in talents, but it lacks literary talent. This is very disadvantageous for a great khanate. Genghis Khan nodded and said happily: "It seems that I was right to keep Mr. Tata Tonga by my side. My son and brother should also learn more about culture." Shi Ji suddenly went bald and kowtowed and said, "Wen can govern the country, but Wu can only compete for the country. The difference between the two is huge." Genghis Khan thought for a moment and said to Tata Tonga: "I know that literati are wise, but we in Mongolia have been practicing martial arts for generations and have no knowledge of literary skills." From now on, all disciples of our clan must be familiar with culture, and I ask you to be the chief instructor. At the same time, you are also responsible for creating our Mongolian script. "
The founding ceremony of the country was celebrated for more than a month, and Genghis Khan gradually calmed down. One day, he was walking around in the Khan's court, thinking about how to manage this new country. At this time, Tata Tong'a walked in, happy Said: "Khan, please come to my classroom and have a look!" Genghis Khan smiled and said: "Great, it's time to see how my children are studying." "When Genghis Khan entered the classroom, everyone was writing with their heads down. Talutonga praised: "All Mongolians are talented people, and they are very motivated to learn, especially Shijihu Tuhu, who has the best results.Genghis Khan walked up to Shiji Hutuhu and saw that he was writing the Weiwuer script, so he asked him: "Brother Shijihutuhu, the words you wrote make me feel mysterious. Can you know the Weiwuer script?" Shiji Hutuhu stood up and replied: "Great Khan, I have learned a lot of Weiwuer's writing, but learning literature is not like archery, it requires a lot of effort!"
At this time, all the disciples stood up He said to Genghis Khan: "Great Khan, we are all learning the Aiwu'er script. Mr. Tata Tong'a taught us very well, and we have found a very effective learning method. Genghis Khan smiled and said, "Okay!" After learning the culture, you don't have to go to the battlefield to fight. If I have the opportunity, I will come to you for advice! "Afterwards, Genghis Khan walked up to Tata Tong'a and said softly: "After the disciples finish class, sir, come to my court. I have important matters to discuss with you. "
At noon, Tata Tong'a hurriedly walked into Genghis Khan's central army tent, kowtowed and said: "Please forgive me for being late, Khan. I just couldn't leave for a while because my disciples asked for advice. Genghis Khan smiled and said, "It doesn't matter. The professor has set the time. How can I blame you?" I am eager to discuss the creation of Mongolian writing with you, so I interrupt your teaching. "
Tata Tong'a stood up and replied: "The creation of writing is not a day's work, but I am willing to devote my life to doing what I can for the Great Khan. Genghis Khan said with a smile: "Mongolia has been established, but it suffers from cultural isolation and cannot communicate well with the outside world. This is a major national event." If there is no definite text for communication, it will restrict the further development of our Mongol Khanate. This problem has troubled us for too long. "Tata Tong'a agreed: "Yes! The absence of unified and fixed decrees and documents will indeed affect the development of the country. It is indeed a great blessing for the Mongolian people that the Great Khan had such foresight. So, did the Great Khan want to use words to issue decrees and create diplomatic documents? "
Genghis Khan nodded and said: "Yes, I want to create Mongolian-specific writing! With our own writing, we no longer need to rely on oral transmission of state documents and texts in the future, let alone tying knots with ropes to remember events. I hope that you, sir, can work hard to realize the wishes of the Mongolian people! "Tatatong'a said firmly: "I will definitely live up to the Khan's trust, devote myself to the creation of words, and go all out to complete this feat! Genghis Khan grabbed Tata Tonga's shoulders excitedly and said with a smile: "After the Mongols have their own writing, they must first promote it among the princes and the royal family, and then let the people across the country learn from it." You can say that you have made a lasting contribution! "
After that, Tata Tonghe was teaching, organizing books and materials, and started to create Mongolian. He used Uighur characters to write Mongolian and created Uighur Mongolian. More than a month later, he came to Genghis Khan again. In the big tent, he said excitedly: "The great Genghis Khan. I have conceived the basic framework of the text, and I would like to ask the Great Khan to review and advise. "According to Tarutong'a's idea, the Mongolian characters are spelled out by twenty fearless letters, and the rest of the font is composed of radicals. Genghis Khan very much agreed with Tarutong'a's plan, and happily said to his ministers: "Now is big. Mongolia's text has basically taken shape. I want to use these words to write our story in a book and pass it on to generations to come. "Everyone happily kowtowed and said: "The Great Khan is wise, and the Mongolian writings will definitely spread the achievements of Mongolia forever. "
Tata Tong'a stills
With Genghis Khan's support, Tata Tong'a was confident and began to prepare for the next step of character creation. About a year later, Genghis Khan personally came to Tata Tong'a's account to inquire about the characters. The situation of creation. Tata Tong'a said happily: "The 'Weiwu Character Book' has been completed, and your children have begun to learn it. Shiji Hutuhu has also mastered this kind of writing. "Genghis Khan held Tata Tong'a's hands tightly and said emotionally: "It's so rare! In the future, you must teach this writing to everyone, so that we can become a big and literate country! "
Tata Tonga followed Genghis Khan's instructions and taught the "Aiwu Calligraphy Book" to the princes. Since then, his students have increased, and all the Mongolian nobles want to be his students.Soon, this kind of writing spread in the country, and a trend of learning writing formed on the grassland. At the same time, Tata Tonga was still working diligently to study and improve Mongolian writing. One day, Shi Ji Hu Tu Hu stood in front of Tata Tong'a and said: "Teacher is so busy, let the students come and serve you." Tata Tong'a shook his head gently and said: "No, you should go to the Great Khan Tent Let's write the documents! His Dazasa needs someone to write, and his government documents need you, the judge, to execute them!"
So, Shi Ji Hu Tu Hu came to Genghis Khan's court. Genghis Khan immediately said to him: "The loss of luck, Hu Tuhu, I now order you to use the newly created characters to draft a big salsa for Ben Khan, a big salsa that all the people must obey." He continued, "I now All the rules and regulations will be taught to you orally, and you must compile them into written texts. If someone makes a mistake or commits a crime in the future, you must use the rules and regulations as a basis, and there must be no personal feelings."
Tuhu stills
Lost Jihu Tuhu took a pen and paper, sat in the Khan's court, and wrote the first code of Mongolian grassland - "Zhasa Dadian" according to the content dictated by Genghis Khan. As a written code, the "Zhasa Dharma" has been revised repeatedly and was finally born amidst everyone's expectations. In 1219, Genghis Khan prepared to attack Khwarizm under the banner of "World Conqueror" and held a grand khuritai conference. At the Khuritai Conference, he declared to all soldiers his leadership principles, laws, and some restrictions on traditional living habits. Genghis Khan also said to the nobles and people: "Whoever violates the will of the Great Khan will also violate the laws of the Zasa."
It can be seen that due to historical limitations, the Great Zasa represents the highest personal interests of Genghis Khan. If He felt that if Zasa wanted to revise, he had to revise it; similarly, if the Great Khan made a mistake, Zasa could not restrain him, which also reflected a strong authoritarianism. But in that era, Genghis Khan's Zhasa still had great progressive significance. As the first written code on the Mongolian grasslands, it not only made Mongolian history shine, but also made the grassland people's ideological and political life take a big step forward.
For Genghis Khan, Mongolian writing was extremely precious, and it directly gave birth to the "Zhasa Dadian". The Mongolian writing - "Aiwu Character Book" has been continuously improved by later generations, its expressiveness has been continuously strengthened, and its vocabulary has become richer. It has played an important role in Mongolia's politics, economy, military, diplomacy and other aspects. A great cultural country was born on the Mobei prairie.
