At the end of February 1960, Kang Keqing went out for inspection with Mr. Zhu. They had an important destination on this trip, which was Zhu De's hometown. Speaking of which, Zhu De never returned to his hometown since he went to Yunnan to apply for the Army Lecture Hall in 1909 without telling his family. By 1960, 51 years had passed.
51 years have passed, half a century of changes have already occurred, and the sun and moon have changed to a new sky.
They took a flight via Xi'an and Guiyang and arrived in Chongqing on March 4. Chongqing was a very important stop for Zhu De's inspection. He and Kang Keqing visited the former site of the 18th Army Group Office in Hongyan Village.
Back in the days of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhou Enlai led some comrades of our party to set up the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Eighth Route Army Office in Chongqing. They devoted themselves to the work of the anti-Japanese national united front in the flames of war and worked for the liberation of the Chinese people amidst difficulties and obstacles. Struggling for a career, Hongyan Village is no longer just a place, but a spirit.
The spirit of Hongyan is timeless and worthy of advocacy. Therefore, when Zhu De went to Sichuan, he naturally would not fail to take a look at Hongyan Village.
After visiting Hongyan Village, Zhu De and Kang Keqing also went to Southwest Normal University, which is the cradle of cultivating talents for the motherland. Zhu De had high expectations for the teachers of New China and high hopes for the students of New China. He also wrote an inscription for Southwest Normal University : "Arm yourself with Mao Zedong Thought, implement the Party's educational policy, climb to the peak of science, and be a good teacher of the people."
After leaving Chongqing, Zhu De and Kang Keqing went to Nanchong City , and arrived at Ma'anchang, Yilong County on March 9 .
Yilong County is a remote mountainous area located in the north of Sichuan Province. On the east bank of the middle reaches of the Jialing River, it is a long and narrow hilly area between the Jialing River and the Qujiang River. The territory has undulating mountains, deep ravines and narrow valleys, and barren land. Most residents make a living by farming, and Zhu De is very concerned about the agricultural production here. He urged local cadres to do a good job in food production, which is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood.
Yilong County is located on the hillside of Jincheng Mountain. About 37 kilometers southeast of Jincheng Mountain is Zhu De's hometown Ma'anchang. About four miles northwest of Ma'anchang is Linlang Village, where Zhu De was born. In the home of a tenant in Lijiayuan at the foot of Linlang Village.
When Zhu De was born, his grandfather Zhu Bangjun and his family had lived in Lijiayuan for four years. They originally settled in Dayuan in Ma'anchang. Later, as the family multiplied, the Zhujiayuan was formed here. Of course, the more people there are, the less land each person owns.
When it came to Zhu Bangjun's generation, they were only allocated seven pieces of land (less than one and a half acres) when the family was divided. And Zhu Bangjun gave birth to four more sons. This land was simply not enough to sustain a living.
So in 1882, Zhu Bangjun mortgaged the land and thatched cottage in Dayuan for 300 yuan, and then leased the landowner Ding Qiuchuan's family at the west foot of Linlang Village in Lijiazhuang to cultivate 80 picks of land (five picks is about one acre). He has since become a sharecropper.
After Zhu Bangjun's family became tenant farmers, they lived in the landlord's warehouse used to store grain. The house was simple and dimly lit. Zhu De was born here in 1886. After Zhu De was born, there were 12 people in the family:
grandparents Zhu Bangjun and Pan, uncles Zhu Shilian and Liu, parents Zhu Shilin and Zhong, third uncle Zhu Shihe, fourth uncle Zhu Shilu, Two brothers, Zhu Daili and Zhu Daifeng, sister Zhu Qiuxiang, and the newly born Zhu De.
The family worked from dawn to dusk. After paying the rent for a year, the remaining food would be enough to meet the basic needs of food and clothing. There was no surplus food or money at all, but they could survive at least. In 1895, Zhu De was nine years old. At that time, the Zhu family encountered a big event.
The landlord asked for a rent increase, and Zhu De's family could not afford the rent increase, so the landlord's housekeeper came to Zhu De's house on New Year's Eve and forced them to move. This was a huge blow to Zhu De's family.
had no choice but to borrow more than 200 yuan from others. Together with the money saved at home, they collected enough 300 yuan to redeem the old house and land in Dayuan, which had been sold out, and then the family lived in two places. :
Zhu De’s parents moved their family to Chenjiayuan; Zhu De moved back to Dayuan with his adoptive parents (that is, Zhu De’s uncles, Zhu De adopted his uncle’s house when he was very young), third uncle, and fourth uncle. .
Zhu De lived in Dayuan for fourteen years, from 1895 to 1909 when he went to Yunnan alone to apply for the Army Lecture Hall.
So Zhu De lived in two places in the horse crime field of Yilong County. One was the landlord's warehouse in Li Jiajuan at the foot of Linlang Village, and the other was Dayuan's old house. When he returned to his hometown this time, Zhu De wanted to go to these two places again. have a look.
But after so many years, most of the houses his family used to rent no longer exist, and the few remaining ones are dilapidated. It is difficult for Zhu De to find traces of his past life here, but his memory Still there.
That was where he dreamed of participating in the revolution outside. Although life during his childhood was very difficult, with the company of his family, even a humble room felt warm.
Later, after Zhu De and Kang Keqing visited two places to live, the villagers took them to a better brick house. Zhu De did not remember this house, so he asked what kind of place it was. As a result, the villagers Everyone said it was the house where Zhu De lived when he was a child.
Zhu De looked at it carefully and still felt unfamiliar, so he shook his head and said : "I have never lived in this house. At that time, our family was a tenant of the landlord's family. How could the landlord give us such a good house to live in?"
But folks They insisted that this was the house where Zhu De had lived when he was a child. Zhu De thought seriously for a while and finally thought of something.
In 1917, Zhu De, who had repeatedly made military exploits on the battlefield, was appointed as the commander of the 13th Brigade of the Second Army of the Jingguo Army and was stationed in Luzhou . At this time, he not only paid off the debts owed by his family during school, but also had more money. Send it home so that your family can build a new house to live in.
The family quickly built a house and moved in, but Zhu De had never returned home since 1909. Naturally, he had never lived in the newly built house at home, but the villagers naturally did not know about it, so they It is said that Zhu De lived in this house when he was a child.
Although Zhu De had never lived in it, Zhu De still felt warm knowing that it was a house where his family had lived. Considering that this house had been empty for a long time and no one lived in it, the comrades of the county party committee planned to hold an exhibition of Commander-in-Chief Zhu here. Museum, but Zhu De disagreed.
He said seriously : "Don't hold my exhibition. There are still some children who don't have a place to go to school. You can use it to build a school. You must let students come here to go to school. Don't build my personal exhibition hall."
Zhu De was not just talking about it. Later, he urged the local government several times to complete the matter. A few years later, Zhu De and Kang Keqing paid special attention to this matter, and a primary school was actually established here.
After seeing the house where he once lived, Zhu De also went to the cemetery near his hometown. Zhu De asked his secretary to help carefully identify any tombstone. On a slightly incomplete tombstone, Zhu De carefully identified it. Recognizing one of the words, he said: "This must be my first teacher."
He lingered in front of the tombstone to pay homage, as if recalling the past and missing his teacher. He looked at it for a long time before leaving, and then Zhu De asked to see the place where he studied when he was a boy - Xi's house, which turned out to be the private school of Xi Pinsan.
Before taking the imperial examination, Zhu De studied in four private schools. In 1892, six-year-old Zhu De and his two brothers were sent to a private school run by his family. The tutor was Zhu De's distant cousin Zhu Shiqin. .
Zhu Shiqin practiced medicine and taught at the same time. In Zhu De's opinion, he was not very good at teaching, so after studying in the Yaopuya private school for more than a year, Zhu De and his two brothers went to study in a private school run by the landlord Ding's family.
The Ding Family Private School is a private school run by the landlord's family. The school is very beautiful, with gardens and buildings. The teacher is a scholar, who teaches well and treats students well. However, Zhu De only studied here for two years.
In 1895, after Zhu De moved back to Dayuan with his family, Zhu De changed to a private school again. The new teacher was worse and even beat people. After studying for almost half a year, Zhu De changed to a private school again. This time Zhu De arrived. Xijiapian studied in a private school eight miles away from Dayuan. The tutor was Xi Pinsan (named Guozhen, courtesy name Pinsan, nicknamed Bogu).
In fact, Xi Pinsan is Zhu De's real enlightenment teacher. Although he failed the scholar examination several times, he is knowledgeable, experienced, and extremely knowledgeable. He is a person who is progressive in his thinking and has a strong national consciousness.
Zhu De studied at Xi Pinsan for nine years. From 1896 to 1904, from the age of ten to eighteen, it was the most important period in a person's growth. During this period, Zhu De was not only good at reading. Well, my mind has broadened a lot, all thanks to the education of Teacher Xi Pinsan.
Xi Pinsan was very knowledgeable. He would teach students whatever they wanted to learn. The Four Books and the Five Classics were taught, poems and songs were taught, "Gangjian" and "The Four Histories of Gansu" were also taught. This made Zhu De Benefited a lot.
In terms of ideology, Xi Pinsan has a spirit of pursuing the true meaning of saving the country and the people and a strong national sentiment. He often says to his students: "If a person does not do a career, it will be useless." He also said: "To be able to do things, Only by doing this can we save the world. "If we can't save the world, there will be no way."
These broadened Zhu De's horizons, and his thoughts gradually expanded. Patriotism gradually emerged in his heart, and he began to consciously care about the future of the country and the destiny of the nation.
It can be said that Xi Pinsan had a great influence on Zhu De. This gentleman in the old private school never had old ideas, but was full of vigor. He ran a private school that was different from many others. He was willing to accept students from poor families. For children, the fees are very low, and those who really can't afford the tuition can be deferred or exempted from payment.
Zhu De had very little tuition when he studied there. In his last year, Zhu De even lived in Xi Pinsan’s house and only paid one hundred kilograms of rice for food. Xi Pinsan liked Zhu De very much, and Zhu De He is young but smart and studious, and is often praised by Xi Pinsan. Zhu De respects Xi Pinsan very much, and this respect has not changed even after half a century.
So when Zhu De returned to his hometown, he did not forget to visit Xi Pinsan no matter what, but he knew that according to Xi Pinsan's age, he might have died long ago. After all, Zhu De, the student, was already 74 years old. In fact, this was indeed the case. The incomplete tombstone he saw in the cemetery belonged to Xi Pinsan.
It is a pity for Zhu De that he can no longer listen to Xi Pinsan's teachings, but it is also good to visit Xi's house again. The road to Xi's house needs to pass through a very steep slope, which is not easy to walk. Liao Zhigao, the third secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee who accompanied him, said to Zhu De: "Commander-in-Chief, don't go. The road is not easy to walk."
But The 74-year-old Zhu De is not afraid of the difficult road. He said: "It doesn't matter. I was used to walking when I was a child. I must go. This is where I learned ancient Chinese."
Xijiabian Private School is eight miles away from Dayuan. Zhu De When I was studying with Xi Pinsan, I got up early every day, did some work at home, went to school after breakfast, went home for lunch, and went to study again in the afternoon.
In the harsh winter and hot weather, under the wind and sun, he had to run back and forth four times a day. Over the years, Zhu De developed the habit of walking fast, which was extremely beneficial in the revolutionary era.
Of course, running more than 30 miles a day was something that happened in his youth. For the 74-year-old Zhu De, it was naturally impossible for him, but the steep slope was not a problem for him, and besides, he had to go to Xi’s house Take a look.
Liao Zhigao didn't know what to say, so he followed Zhu De and Kang Keqing to climb the steep slope. After going up the steep slope, he saw five thatched houses standing there in the morning mist and smoke, quietly and motionless.
Zhu De remembered that this was the place where he once studied. He walked gently into the yard and asked : "Does Mr. Xi Bogu live here?" He didn't know who lived here now, so he could only ask this question.
Soon, a middle-aged man walked out of the house and said : "He lives here, I am his grandson."
He saw several people in the yard, and they didn't look like locals, they seemed to be Visitors took the initiative to say :
"This house is where Commander-in-Chief Zhu studied. My uncle went to school with him and often showed us that Commander-in-Chief Zhu was good at reading and wrote the best articles." Someone wanted to demolish this house many times. I said it was the school where Commander-in-Chief Zhu studied, so they didn’t let them demolish it..."
Hearing the middle-aged man say this, Zhu De smiled softly, and then looked around. Looking around, a sense of familiarity and intimacy brought him back to the time when he was studying. He was so familiar with this place that no changes could escape his eyes. He asked the middle-aged man: "These two nests of coptis trees There is also a nest of yellow horn trees in the middle?"
The middle-aged man was stunned for a moment, and then said with a smile: "It rained heavily and thundered, and the thunder was captured."
Zhu De also said with a smile: "Plant two more nests." Well."
At this time, the middle-aged man finally realized that something was wrong. Originally, when he saw Zhu De's face, he thought he had seen it somewhere. But now that he heard that Zhu De knew the Xi family so well, coupled with the familiar local accent, it was inevitable. Getting curious, he quickly asked : "Where do you always come from? You are so familiar!"
Before Zhu De could speak, someone whispered next to him: "Commander Zhu, you still don't recognize me?"
middle-aged When the person heard this, he immediately blushed. He was ashamed that he did not recognize Zhu De at the first time, and was pleasantly surprised to see Zhu De. In surprise, he excitedly stepped forward and took Zhu De's hand and said : "Oh! "Oh my god, Commander-in-Chief Zhu."
Zhu De was also very excited and talked to the Xi family about studying here in the past. However, Zhu De did not stay long. After chatting for a while, Zhu De and Conke Qing and Xi's family took a group photo in the yard and then prepared to leave. Naturally, the Xi family was reluctant to let Zhu De leave, so they persuaded him to stay, saying: "Don't rush away when you come here. You can play here for a few more days."
Zhu De didn't want to stay for a few more days, but he still had a lot of work to do. , even if he returns to his hometown, it is not just for fun, but for inspection and research, so he smiled and said to the Xi family : "We took a photo together, which is like living in your home."
When he said goodbye, he had already left When Zhu De arrived at the courtyard dam, he couldn't help but look back and stare for a long time, as if he saw Xi Pinsan who used to teach students with a book in his hands, and the little boy sitting there studying seriously.
Half a century has passed in the blink of an eye, the teacher has passed away, and he has passed his seventies. Time flies by, and the friendship has not changed, but it can only be kept deep in his heart. Zhu De does not know when he will return to his hometown next time. I want to see this house again to make the memory deeper.
After Zhu De returned to his hometown, he stayed at Ma'an Middle School for two nights. On the third day, Zhu De took Kang Keqing to visit Ma'an Primary School and Middle School that were established after liberation. He even wrote an inscription for the primary school : "Work hard." Study and love labor." wrote the inscription for the middle school : "Combining education with production to cultivate communist successors."
Then Zhu De thought of the Yilong County Higher Elementary School where he once taught. The imperial examinations had been suspended. Zhu De, who had achieved good results in the county and prefecture examinations, had to persuade his family with the help of Xi Pinsan to let him attend a new school in Shunqing Prefecture.
He attended Nanchong County Government Second Class Elementary School and Shunqing Prefecture Government Middle School. Later, he borrowed money to attend a physical education school in Sichuan. In 1908, after graduating, Zhu Dechang thought about saving the country through education. On the recommendation, he worked as a physical education teacher and general clerk at Yilong County Higher Primary School.
Of course, he only taught in this school for a year before he realized that saving the country through education would not work, so he resolutely resigned from the school and went to Yunnan to apply for the Army Lecture Hall and prepare to join the army.
Although Zhu De only taught for one year, this was his first real job in the society. It had a different meaning to him. Naturally, he would not forget to visit this school when he returned to his hometown. However, the school has become Jincheng Primary School in Yilong County.
After Zhu De arrived at Jincheng Primary School , he visited the classrooms and teachers' dormitories, and then inquired in detail about all aspects of the school, including the status of the teaching staff, the number of students in school and enrollment status, as well as teachers' remuneration and school building conditions, etc. .
Zhu De had a very comprehensive understanding. After mastering the basic situation of the school, he encouraged the teachers to teach and educate people well. Before leaving, he even wrote an inscription for the school : "Cultivate new people for communism."
After visiting the school After that, Zhu De's inspection in his hometown was basically completed. When he returned to Yilong, Zhu De, who was very interested, even wrote a poem : "Wearing a military uniform at the age of twenty-three, I visited my hometown at the age of seventy-four."
At that time, The 23-year-old Zhu De resolutely went to Yunnan to join the army in order to save the country and the people. After graduating from the Army Lecture Hall, he became a young officer under the command of Cai E. He rose step by step, growing from an unknown soldier to a famous general in the Yunnan Army in just a few years.
However, career success did not bring him spiritual wealth. On the contrary, he became more and more confused. Frequent warlord melees and people living in dire straits made him depressed. He gradually realized that he was walking in the opposite direction. The road was not the real road, so he began to search for the truth again.
did not hesitate to study abroad for this reason, and met the like-minded Zhou Enlai in Berlin. From then on, he embarked on a new revolutionary road. Together with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others, he led the Chinese people to establish New China and made outstanding contributions to the liberation cause of the Chinese people. .
After the founding of New China, he devoted himself to the construction of socialism and served the people conscientiously. He finally returned to his hometown at the age of 74. Thinking of this, he was so excited that he couldn't help but write down.
As soon as he finished writing these two sentences, someone came to visit. Zhu De put down his pen to greet the guests. After the guests left, Kang Keqing urged Zhu De to complete the poem, but Zhu De smiled and said : "The poetry has passed, and the sentences at hand are all gone." Forget it. I’ll write it later.” was never mentioned again, and the poem was never finished.
html On March 12, the fourth day after Zhu De returned to his hometown, they left Yilong County and returned to Nanchong City. In Nanchong , Zhu De listened to the work report of the person in charge of the Nanchong Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, and then said seriously:"Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. Accelerating the development of agriculture is of great significance to people's lives and industrial production. To Vigorously develop production in mountainous areas... Mountainous areas also have their own advantages. We should plant whatever is suitable according to the different terrains and do not insist on being the same. "
At that time, the country was in a difficult period. Zhu De encouraged the villagers: "We should plant whatever is suitable. If we all work together and work hard, we will be able to overcome the current difficulties, and everyone will live a good life." also asked the local leaders: "You must work honestly, care about the lives of the people, and discuss things with the people."
Afterwards, Zhu De and Kang Keqing left Nanchong. They also went to Yibin City and Zigong City for inspections, and visited artesian wells where underground natural gas erupted. Then they went to Henan for inspections. Along the way, Zhu De kept listening to, Reports from county leaders, understanding agricultural issues in various places and putting forward their own suggestions.
In early April, after the inspection, Zhu De returned to Beijing and reported the inspection situation to the Central Committee and Chairman Mao. He said in the report:
"The geographical conditions and natural conditions in various places in our country are different, and the types of crops are different. They are very diverse. Agricultural production must be adapted to local conditions, and agricultural technological reform must also be adapted to local conditions, and uniformity cannot be imposed."
Zhu De's return to his hometown was very short, and he didn't even have time to chat with the people in his hometown. In fact, for them, returning to his hometown is also work, inspection, research, not fun. It's like being away from his hometown for 32 years. Just like Chairman Mao's return to his hometown in 1959, it was also short-lived and came and went in a hurry. Premier Zhou never returned to his hometown after leaving his hometown at the age of 12.
It's not that they don't want to go back to their hometown or their relatives in their hometown. In fact. They are all emotional people and have deep feelings for their hometown and relatives.
But they have great love in their hearts. They love the country and sympathize with the people living in dire straits. For the happiness of millions of people, they work hard. I can only bid farewell to my hometown and relatives, shed my blood for the revolution, devote myself to the country and the people, and have no regrets for the country and the people throughout my life.
