"Chief Gu, long time no see."
April 1931, Hankou New Market Entertainment Hall.
A magician who had just returned to the backstage was caught by a large number of people who rushed in before he could take off his costume.
Faced with the pistol placed on his forehead and the nose of the gun wide open, the magician didn't have much panic on his face.
He said calmly that he was just an ordinary magician named Hua Guangqi. Why did he catch him?
At this time, someone walked out of the crowd, smiled at him, and said the opening sentence.
This sentence made the magician completely panic, because this person is not an ordinary person, he is the leader of the Special Branch of the underground party of the Communist Party of China - Gu Shunzhang!
Gu Shunzhang rebelled soon after his arrest. This man was hailed as the most dangerous traitor! Some people even say that without Gu Shunzhang's rebellion, there would be no Red Army Long March.
What kind of person is Gu Shunzhang? After his rebellion, the whole family was brutally liquidated. What happened to the daughter who was the only one who survived?
Gu Shunzhang’s only photo
For the answers to these questions, let us start with the arrest of Gu Shunzhang.
一 Rebellion after being arrested
In April 1931, the central government decided that Gu Shunzhang would escort Zhang Guotao and Chen Changhao to the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area. After the mission was completed, Gu Shunzhang should have returned directly to Shanghai.
But Gu Shunzhang stayed in Hankou and performed magic tricks at the entrance of an amusement park to make money.
The magic performed by Gu Shunzhang is very exciting and his income is also very considerable. He performed magic during the day, and at night he dressed up as a different image, hanging out in nightclubs in the concession like a playboy, and staying in high-end hotels.
Gu Shunzhang used the name "Hua Guangqi" and stayed in the Wuhan Concession for more than a month. But he didn't expect that he would be caught.
Wang Zhuqiao, one of Gu Shunzhang's former rebellious subordinates, recognized him on the street, and immediately led a special agent team into the hotel where Gu Shunzhang was staying, and immediately blocked him in the room.
However, no one expected the legendary figure in the public underground, the captain of the "red team"! They rebelled directly without coercion, inducement, or torture.
Even the agents found a letter addressed to Chiang Kai-shek from his body! This shows that Gu Shunzhang has already had the idea of rebellion.
In order to prove his worth, Gu Shunzhang immediately confessed to more than 20 secret organizations of the Wuhan underground party!
With Gu Shunzhang's position in Shanghai Special Branch and the entire underground party, almost the entire underground organization in Shanghai has no secrets in his eyes. If the agents follow his instructions to arrest him, the entire Shanghai party organization will suffer a devastating blow!
Fortunately, Qian Zhuangfei, another legend in the underground party of the Chinese Communist Party, reported the situation. Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong immediately made an immediate decision and cut off all contact methods related to Gu Shunzhang.
Qian Zhuangfei
However, even if Zhou Enlai acted quickly, it could only prevent the Shanghai underground party organization from being "completely" destroyed.
On the second day after Gu Shunzhang was escorted to Nanjing, he identified Yun Daiying, one of the leaders of the CCP. It turned out that Yun Daiying's identity was not exposed and rescue was in sight. However, after Gu Shunzhang's identification, Yun Daiying was brutally killed by the enemy.
Less than a month later, Gu Shunzhang led people to Hong Kong again and arrested Cai Hesen, the revolutionary pioneer and Mao Zedong's close friend, causing Cai Hesen to die tragically in prison.
The arrest of the two revolutionaries did not satisfy Gu Shunzhang's utilitarian heart. On the one hand, he actively hunted down Communists for the Kuomintang reactionaries, and on the other hand, he served as a teacher at the spy school for the Central Government, passing on his spy skills.
Young man Zhou Enlai
2 made a decisive decision
Because Gu Shunzhang knew the underground party's operating structure too well, the party organization in Shanghai was constantly destroyed, and in the end it was even impossible to gain a foothold in Shanghai.
So much so that by the end of 1932, the entire central headquarters had moved from Shanghai to the Central Soviet Area.
Some people even say that without Gu Shunzhang, Bogu and others would not have gone to the Soviet Area .If they had not gone to the Soviet area, there would not have been the failure of the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign in the Central Soviet area, nor would there have been the Red Army's 25,000-mile Long March.
Although we cannot comment on the butterfly effect of history, the huge danger brought by Gu Shunzhang can be glimpsed.
Faced with such a vicious traitor, Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union, personally issued the "Wanted Order". Before liberation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued such a "wanted order" for a traitor, and this was the only one person!
Of course, it is impossible for the underground party of the Chinese Communist Party not to fight back. The last thing the Central Special Branch did before evacuating Shanghai was to clean up the family members of Gu Shunchang !
As soon as he learned of Gu Shunzhang's rebellion, Kang Sheng pointed out that many people in Gu Shunzhang's family were familiar with the leaders of the underground party and even knew some party secrets, and they must be eliminated as soon as possible!
Kang Sheng
As a result, all 12 members of Gu Shunzhang’s family were killed except for two children.
At Zhou Enlai's request, Gu Shunzhang's 8-year-old daughter Gu Liqun and his 12-year-old brother-in-law Zhang Changgeng were left behind.
It was a pity that Zhou Enlai's kindness was not rewarded. After Zhang Changgeng returned home, Gu Shunzhang immediately grabbed him and asked him about his situation at that time.
Zhang Changgeng was young after all and could not explain the situation clearly. He only remembered the Special Branch personnel who sent him home.
So Gu Shunzhang took him to the door of the Grand Theater and asked him to guard the door every day to identify the Communist Party who sent him home at that time.
More than a month later, Zhang Changgeng actually recognized Wang Shide, a member of the Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, who was passing by the entrance of the theater.
After being arrested, Wang Shide immediately rebelled, fully explained the story of the extermination of the Gu Shunzhang family, and even led the military and police to dig out the bodies. Later, under the leadership of Wang Shide, several more secret agencies of the CCP were destroyed.
Of course, the fate of a traitor like Gu Shunzhang will not be easy. After all, the secrets he possesses are limited. He can no longer provide accurate information about the underground party, and he has gradually lost value to the Central Committee.
In May 1934, Xu Enzeng suddenly attacked Gu Shunzhang and placed him under house arrest in the name of a meeting. Later, he reported to Chiang Kai-shek that Chiang Kai-shek was extremely disgusted with his establishment of a new party and directly ordered his execution.
When Xu Enzeng
killed Gu Shunzhang, the secret agents were afraid of Gu Shunzhang's high ability and were afraid that he would use illusions. So he first pierced his pipabone with an iron wire, then poured the black dog's blood on his pocket, and then killed him with one shot.
, this shameless traitor, finally met a tragic ending.
3 Gu Shunzhang’s daughter and son-in-law
Gu Shunzhang’s daughter Gu Liqun survived because of Zhou Enlai’s tolerance. After Gu Shunzhang's death, she was adopted by her adoptive mother Zhang Yongqin and renamed Zhang Liqun.
According to subsequent interviews with Zhang Yongqin and Gu Liqun, Zhang Yongqin said that after Gu Shunzhang's death, his mother was also implicated and was shot dead in front of her by secret agents.
Zhang Yongqin was also imprisoned in the Hangzhou Correctional Center for 22 months. After he was released, his home was ransacked by the secret service and a sum of money was paid in compensation, which was only enough to bury Gu Shunzhang.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Yongqin and Gu Shunzhang's daughter died of illness, and she changed her name to Zhang Ping. Then he adopted Gu Liqun and raised her up.
Gu Liqun
When he became an adult, Gu Liqun married a technical staff member of the military command named Zhu Renbo.
Although Zhu Rinbo is also affiliated with the military command, he is not a spy. He is a communications and telecommunications technical talent. He first worked in communications at the Tax Police Corps, and later transferred to the Military Telecommunications Department, where he mainly managed radio station repairs and equipment maintenance.
Although Zhu Rinbo is a technician, he has experienced eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. For example, he conveyed the message "Rescue Fang Xianjue"; during the expedition to Burma, the radio station in Tengchong was bombed by the Japanese army, and Zhu Rinbo traveled all night to deliver it. The new radio station restored the command system of the expeditionary force and won the victory in the Battle of Tengchong.
In addition, he also participated in the military code-breaking work against the Japanese army, and personally participated in deciphering the Japanese army's bombing of the British HMS Prince of Wales.
After liberation, Gu Liqun and Zhu Renbo returned to Shanghai anonymously and thought about their own small lives. However, Zhu Renbo's status as a military commander still brought them big trouble.
Zhu Rinbo was arrested and lived in a high wall for more than 30 years. In order not to harm his wife and children, he took the initiative to divorce Gu Liqun. After being released from prison more than 30 years later, he opened an electric vehicle repair stall in his home to make a living.
Zhu Renbo (first from left) Gu Liqun (middle)
Gu Liqun had already changed his surname to Zhang and declared that he was an orphan. No one knew that she was the daughter of the great traitor Gu Shunzhang, and they escaped.
After the liberation, Li Qiang, one of Gu Shunzhang's colleagues in Special Branch, had been taking care of her. He successively served as deputy minister of foreign trade and minister of foreign trade, and helped Gu Liqun in his private capacity many times. After the events of
were declassified, some reporters also interviewed Gu Liqun. Gu Liqun's evaluation of his father is very objective: Gu Shunzhang is a very capable person and has made contributions, but he is indeed the most dangerous traitor to the party.
Gu Liqun has been living in Shanghai in her later years. She is a low-key person. Even though the historical events were later declassified, the identity of Gu Shunzhang's daughter was not publicized to the outside world.
In 2018, Gu Liqun died of illness at the age of 91.
Because her father Gu Shunzhang rebelled, Gu Liqun's childhood and rest of her life were naturally affected. Her life was deeply affected by her father's "ups and downs of fate".
So, some people can’t help but wonder, what kind of person was Gu Shunzhang before his rebellion? Did he show some fox tail before causing harm to the revolutionary cause?
Next, we will write about Gu Shunzhang’s early experience and personality traits.
四 The Republic of China 007
Gu Shunzhang was born in Shanghai in 1895. When he was young, he worked as a worker in the cigarette factory of Nanyang Tobacco Company. During this period, he was not a peaceful person and actively participated in political activities. In 1924, he joined the Communist Party of China.
(Shanghai in 1895)
In 1925, the "May 30th Movement" broke out, and he actively participated in the workers' strike. In July of the same year, Wang Shouhua began to organize workers’ pickets, and Gu Shunzhang was an important participant.
In 1926, Gu Shunzhang and Chen Geng went to the Soviet Union to study political defense. To put it bluntly, the main thing I learned was underground work and espionage work. Speaking of which, he is also a disciple trained by the Russian spy organization "Cheka "!
Gu Shunzhang is indeed talented as a spy. In just one year in the Soviet Union, he suddenly learned a skill that only senior spies can possess. Whether it's close combat or long-range shooting, he knows it all.
is proficient in blasting, driving, mechanical operation and maintenance, psychology , makeup, and lurking. He can even perform magic. If he looked more handsome, he would be the Republic of China version of 007. Even after his arrest, Wan Yagang, a veteran spy of the Central Government, praised him as an "all-round spy master." A master agent like
will naturally be reused after returning to China. He directly served as the director of the Political Security Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. This position is equivalent to directly holding the life of the leader of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in his hands!
Gu Shunzhang’s only photo source
In February 1927, he served as the director of the Military Committee of the Shanghai District Committee of the Communist Party of China and the commander-in-chief of the workers’ picket team under the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions!
You must know that before the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, it was still the period of the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. At that time, the policy implemented by the party was still to safeguard Sun Yat-sen's three major policies, and it did not directly control the army.
The workers' picket team directly commanded by Gu Shunzhang can be said to be the largest armed force directly controlled by the Communist Party. From this, we can also see Gu Shunzhang's high status within the party.
It’s just that he didn’t last long as the commander-in-chief. The counter-revolutionary coup broke out on April 12, and the workers’ pickets were disarmed. Gu Shunzhang followed Zhou Enlai and other comrades in Shanghai to Wuhan.
On August 7, 1927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou, Hubei, to correct Chen Duxiu's right-leaning opportunist mistakes.Historically known as " 1987 meeting ". At the meeting, Gu Shunzhang was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
After the 1987 meeting, he returned to Shanghai again and joined the Central Special Section led by Zhou Enlai as the head of the Action Section. The action section he led was also called the "red team" or "dog-fighting team" of Special Section, which was later called the anti-rape team!
During this period, Gu Shunzhang relied on his own secret service methods to punish many traitors and spies. The most famous among them is Bai Xin, the secretary of the Central Military Commission who betrayed The Paper!
Bai Xin is a graduate of Huangpu 4. Shocked by the gunfire of the 4.12 counter-revolution, his revolutionary will was not firm and he turned to his "principal". Later, he betrayed Peng Pai, Yang Yin, Yan Changyi , Xing Shizhen and other revolutionary comrades.
Zhou Enlai personally issued a death order and he must be executed!
Gu Shunzhang and Chen Geng personally led the red team and shot Bai Xin to death on Xiafei Road in the French Concession under the heavy protection of secret agents!
Afterwards, the forensic doctor from the French Concession examined Bai Xin's body. He was shot three times. The three bullets entered from different parts but came out from the same part. Even the forensic doctor couldn't help but sigh. The killer's marksmanship is superb!
And this killer with superb marksmanship is Gu Shunzhang!
The most dangerous traitor
Although Gu Shunzhang is very capable, he has indeed made some achievements. However, he was arrogant in taking credit, and even became corrupted by eating, drinking, prostitution, and gambling, and did not take it seriously in the face of criticism from his comrades.
At that time, Zhou Enlai had already considered transferring him away from Teko to prevent him from causing unnecessary losses. But because of this, Gu Shunzhang had second thoughts.
But at that time, even Zhou Enlai did not expect that he would have the intention to rebel, so as to cause such great harm to the revolutionary cause.
Conclusion
Gu Shunzhang is indeed a rare talent among the early leaders of the Communist Party, but the huge harm this person brought to the revolution is also obvious to all.
Now we are thinking about it behind the scenes of history. In fact, Gu Shunzhang's rebellion was foreseeable. Because he was not a staunch revolutionary from the beginning, and his intention to join the revolution was more for utility and profit.
We can take a look at many historical materials during the Great Revolution. One of the extreme phenomena of the Two Lakes Peasant Movement at that time was that non-revolutionary speculators mixed into the peasant association. It was not until Mao Zedong's "Inspection Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan" was released that The correct route of the agricultural movement was determined.
Therefore, Gu Shunzhang and his like have brought us profound lessons. In the process of revolution, we must unify the ideologically pure team and always keep communist ideas in mind!
Reference:
1. The sad end of Xiaonong traitor Gu Shunzhang Literature and History Chunqiu 2004-09-10
2. Wang Binbin, a Communist Party member after Gu Shunzhang’s rebellion 2007-12-03
3. Fang Jun Chen Gang, a veteran, is Gu Shunzhang’s son-in-law "The Last Dignity·Ningbo, Zhejiang" Anti-Japanese War Veterans"
4. Wang Xiangkun reveals: How Zhou Enlai transferred the Shanghai leadership after Gu Shunzhang's rebellion. People's Daily Online - China Communist Party News Network October 12, 2017
5. Wang Rui and Gu Shunzhang's establishment of the "New Communist Party" before and after the party building. 2005, (12)
6. Our Party’s Emergency Measures After Wen Xueyong and Gu Shunzhang’s Revolutionary Reform Fujian Party History Monthly. 1996, (11)
7. Phoenix TV Exclusive Interview with Gu Shunzhang’s Daughter Gu Liqun Host: Cao Jingxing
Editor: Zhang Mo
Editor-in-Chief: Lin Hua
