In 1644 AD, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and the capital was in chaos. The Ming army who defended the city collapsed immediately and lost its combat capability. Chongzhen knew that there was not much time, so he started to prepare for the funeral.
historical records "Yisi, the thieves have committed the capital, and the Beijing camp has collapsed. Bingwu, Sunyang, the outer city has fallen. It is the evening, and the queen Zhou has collapsed. Ding Wei, Meishuang, the inner city has fallen. The emperor. Chongzhen killed several concubines and urged the queen to commit suicide, and then Chongzhen brought dozens of eunuchs to commit suicide. The army had entered the city, and Chongzhen couldn't rush out at all. So Chongzhen summoned hundreds of officials in the hall, but no one came.
Under all thoughts, Chongzhen climbed to the coal mountain , hanged himself under an old locust tree, and the eunuch Wang Chengen died together. Before and after Li Zicheng invaded the capital and Chongzhen committed suicide, where did Jin Yiwei go as the emperor's personal guards? Why are they missing?
above picture _ Breaking the King into Beijing (Li Zicheng)
Jin Yiwei is not a record of combat troops 1 _strongspan 1 _strongspan1 strong 1 , Heng Yixun Qi is led by the governor,Enyin sends an impermanent member. ”
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang set up a pro-military capital, and in Hongwu was changed to Jinyiwei in fifteen years, and in Hongwu seventeen years, Jinyiwei commander was changed to the third product of Jinyiwei. The main responsibilities are in charge of guards, seizures, and patrols. It can be called an intelligence agency or a special agency. Although they have the responsibility of defending the emperor, Jinyiwei is not a combat unit, and they are not responsible for marching and fighting.
Historical records
span3span "Twenty years, most of the people who used the Jinyi guards to tortured illegally were torture instruments, sent out of prisoners, sent to the Ministry of Criminal Justice for review, and then returned to the Three Laws Division in the internal and external prisons, and stopped Jinyi prison.
In order to monitor hundreds of officials, Zhu Yuanzhang set up Jinyiwei, but Jinyiwei was too powerful, and often made scandals such as torture confessions and bends into tricks. So in Hongwu 20 years, Zhu Yuanzhang cancelled this organization.
After Zhu Di came to power, the establishment of Jin Yiwei was restored again, and Beizhen Fusi was set up to be responsible for the imprisonment. After that, Jin Yiwei has been retained.
let Jin Yiwei catch officials and bully Bullying the people is not a problem, but fighting on the battlefield is another matter. Let’s not talk about the number of people. You can also imagine Jin Yiwei’s combat effectiveness at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Dealing with Li Zicheng’s peasant army is basically just like shaking the tree.
above picture _ Ming Dynasty " out of the police in the figure" in the armored guard 1 strong_strong_strong_span1 pspan0 There were only 5,000 people in Jinyiwei at the beginning.But in the later stage, the number soared to hundreds of thousands, but this group of people basically only knows where to eat and take cards, and where there is any fighting power.
Before Chongzhen's death, he wanted to assemble his forces and Li Zicheng to have a dead end. His confidant eunuch Wang Lian said: "Where there are soldiers, your majesty, go fast." Obviously, these so-called Jinyiwei have run almost the same. Now, who will defend the emperor.
In fact, during the Chongzhen period, Jinyiwei could be bought with money. As long as you have the money, you can go to Jinyiwei as an official and a half-time office to blackmail the merchants.
There is a gangster named Zhao Xiazi who extorted two thousand taels of shops in the capital, and his official position is bought. As long as he spends enough money, he can mix it up with Jin Yiwei's "Tang Tie". In the Chongzhen period, there was a Jinyiwei commander named Wu Mengming. This man had a good reputation. He was never soft in making money. As long as he grasped the handle of officials, he was "slowly harming others and eager to get bribes."
As long as the money is in place, the crime is easy to say. If the money is not in place, then it must be "business as usual." In Jinyiwei, money is the opening brick and the paving stone. As long as there is money, everything is discussed. The degree of corruption of officials is also evident from this.
In other words, the Jinyiwei in the Chongzhen period was already rotten. This group of people were either ground ruffians or dudes. It was really a joke for them to defend the capital.
Above picture_ Ming Dynasty Special Service Organization Dongchang Plum Token
Killed Wei Zhongxian was also implicated by _span_strong 16 in the inner guard, that is, _span_strong1p _span_strong1pThe first thing we did was to get rid of Wei Zhongxian. At that time, Wei Zhongxian was so powerful that he could not only dictate state affairs, but he also controlled Dongchang and Jinyiwei.
historical records "It is the year of spring and autumn, Zhongxian took off the money of Wang Shaobing, captured Aban Dai Luo Rong and other merits, accumulating a total of seven commanders in Jinyi. His family Sun Xikong , Ximeng, , Xiyao, Xishun, Pengcheng, his marriage-in-laws Dong Fangming, Wang Xuan, Yang Liuqi, Yang Zuochang, all to the left and right governors, the governor's Tongzhi, and the other officials. In addition, the Ke family's brother Guangxianyi was added. The governor."
As the saying goes, one person has been able to ascend to heaven. There are 17 Jinyiwei commanders under the protection of Wei Zhongxian. Among them are his relatives and tribesmen, including Hakka relatives.
Chongzhen uprooted Wei Zhongxian’s power in order to cut the weeds and roots. Wei Zhongxian’s cronies in Jinyiwei were also removed. This exchange of blood also greatly injured Jinyiwei. Wei Zhongxian controlled Jinyiwei for many years. After this blow It takes time for Chongzhen to gather Jinyiwei's hearts.
Once Wei Zhongxian died, there must be panic inside Jin Yiwei. In addition, Chongzhen was jealous and hated, these people were useless. It was normal for Li Zicheng to break into the capital and these people disappeared before the battle.
Above image _ Wei Zhongxian (1568-1627)
surrendered or died in battle _span _strong1 Span Strong1 History of strong span11Chongzhen's official Jinyiwei commanded envoy , which was quite useful. Scholar Wu Yongshu, Zhou Yanru Death is powerful. Come down, grant the Governor.
During the Chongzhen period, there was a Jinyiwei commander named Luo Yangxing. Li Zicheng attacked the capital, captured the officials, tortured them, and forced them to hand over their property. Many people gave up a lot of money to save their lives.
Luo Yangxing is no exception. He paid thirty thousand taels and saved his life, but his two younger brothers were tortured. Li Zicheng didn’t stay in Beijing for a long time, so Doergon came in, and then Luo Yangxing once again surrendered to the Manchu dynasty.
The Qing government gave Luo Yang a good attitude and granted him the post of Governor of Tianjin. Later, he was named the Crown Prince, the Governor of the Left, and the Crown Prince. Most Jin Yiwei chose to surrender when the Ming Dynasty died. Or run away.
top image_ Chenxiang Jinyiwei waist card
is the same as the commander of 1span3span. The fate word goes: "Death! That is today; sorrow! Why do future generations know." Hanged to death. Jin Yiwei Thousands of households Gao Wencai Shou Xuanwumen , the city fell, a family of 17 people all committed suicide, and the corpse was born on the road. "
Of course, there is no lack of loyal men and the country among Jinyiwei. When Jinyiwei commanded and known Li Ruolian, when the city was broken,He led his troops to guard Chongwen Gate, and when the gate was breached, Li Ruolian chose to commit suicide and die for his country.
Jin Yiwei Qianhu Gao Wencai guarded Xuanwu Gate. After the city was broken, a family of seventeen committed suicide and died. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the institution of Jin Yiwei came to an end temporarily.
Above picture_ Jinyiwei Flying fish clothes physical map
Most of them take home the world as their purpose, and do not have too many ideas of the rule of the monarch and the minister. Moreover, the bureaucracy at the end of the Ming Dynasty has been corrupted to the extreme. When the country is broken, the loyalty of Jin Yiwei can only be passed by, which is not difficult. understand.
Author: Jiuyuting Correction/Editor: Lilith
Reference materials: "Ming History Chronicles" _ "Span 7 Qing Shi Zhuang Lie" The text was created by the History University team, and the pictures are from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author
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