Beihai , located at the southwestern end of Guangxi. Since it is the southern end, why is it called the north?
According to the Geographical Names of Beihai City, Beihai was originally just an ancient fishing village named Beihai Village. It was named after the sea to the north. In the early years of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the "Beihai Town Mark" was set up as the place name of Beihai. See you first.
Beihai was a relatively late city. Before 1984, Beihai was only a town under the jurisdiction of Hepu County , which was no more than two streets wide. After the establishment of a city, Beihai has an area of only 3337 square kilometers, which is the smallest in Guangxi.
However, this small prefecture-level city, its development path is embarrassing.
's early development mistakes
was first given special care in the early 1980s, when Beihai became one of the first 14 coastal open cities in the country and the smallest one.
The other 13 coastal cities are Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou , Fuzhou, Guangzhou, and _span _span _span. Today, these 13 cities are all developing well, and Shanghai and Guangzhou have become one of the flag bearers of China's economy. However, Beihai is not in the rankings by comparison.
In fact, it was rather helpless for Guangxi to take Beihai as the development leader.In the early days of reform and opening up, Guangxi's overall economy was backward, or the national economy was not good, and there were no strong provinces around Guangxi to rely on. The taller one is short, the geographical location of Beihai is still good, so it stands out.
Before Fangcheng Port was "spoofed", Beihai was the only outlet in Guangxi. It has a deep-water seaport and is an important departure port of the ancient "Maritime Silk Road". At the same time, Beihai is located at the junction of the South China Economic Circle, the Southwest Economic Circle and the ASEAN Economic Circle. There is a huge market hinterland inward and can be connected to the outside. In Southeast Asian countries, no matter how you look at it, the location of the North Sea is unique.
Based on this, the state has listed Beihai as one of the first 14 coastal open cities in the country, and has high hopes for Beihai.
However, planning is one thing, but actual development is another.
At the beginning of its start, Guangxi went off in some policies. In contrast, the construction model of Beihai back then, although Guangxi invested most of its financial resources in it, it looked more like a race to enclose the land. The enclosing land did not focus on the introduction of a batch of processing and manufacturing industries, and it did not develop into a large-scale industrial park.
In addition, Guangxi did not give priority to Beihai in terms of traffic. The first expressway was first constructed to connect Liuzhou to Guilin. The name is to give priority to the development of Guilin's tourism industry. Facts have proved that it is impossible to do it if there is no work and no wealth, depending on the tourism industry.
If you want to get rich, you must first build roads, but Beihai, which has lost the expressway, has a lot of shortcomings in logistics and transportation with the outside world, so it has not been able to concentrate on introducing a number of export-oriented types. The processing and manufacturing industries in China will become the economic foundation of big cities.
Even at the beginning of the 21st century, during the period when the "Pearl River Delta" industries began to transfer, Guangxi did not build and connect the "Pearl River Delta" expressways to undertake the transfer of industries.The opportunity to expand and strengthen the processing and manufacturing industry has been lost.
The pain in the North Sea is far more than that. The land is not accessible, and there is still sea transportation. However, Guangxi at that time believed that Beihai City was a blind spot and there was no good deep-water port. Therefore, Guangxi immediately adjusted its strategic development focus and shifted to the promotion of Fangcheng Port and the construction of Guangxi’s sea base in Fangcheng Port. In fact, Beihai at this time, although the development is slow, but after several years of development, it has already had a certain economic foundation, but at the critical moment, it was beaten into the cold palace.
In terms of industrial development and traffic laying, Beihai has lost good opportunities, but there is another major event that makes Beihai's economy worse.
real estate bubble
In 1992 and 1993, my country's economy has had an initial recovery, and fixed investment has grown rapidly, at 44.4% and 61.8%, respectively. Inevitably, a speculative frenzy has appeared, with stock craze, real estate craze, and car reselling staged fiercely.
And the real estate boom among them has caused a serious blow to Beihai.
In 1992, the number of real estate development companies in the country has grown to tens of thousands, and Beihai is even more terrifying. From 1992 to 1993, Beihai City was called to create the "Second Shenzhen" and more than 1,000 appeared. Real estate developer, more than 2,000 intermediaries and agents.
At that time, the Beihai government believed that since Beihai had no capital but only land, it would use land to "invite the phoenix to build a nest". The more land speculation, the more capital. The fact is as expected. During the past two years, nearly 100,000 people from other places have flocked in, and these people have brought 20 billion in funds.
However, the real estate speculators will eventually be cold.Real estate speculation in Beihai is actually a movement of drumming first and then spreading flowers, but the prerequisite for successful spreading of flowers is that there must be enough market to bear it.
In fact, Beihai had only 200,000 permanent residents at the time, and only 500,000 plus floating population. At that time, the scale of real estate development was enough for 2 million people to live. Without a strong and stable demand market and strong industry and commerce as the backing, so many real estates cannot be digested by Beihai people alone, and the surrounding cities and counties are not wealthy and cannot be the takeover of Beihai real estate.
By July 1993, the scale of national credit was sharply squeezed, and a large amount of funds were evacuated. The real estate boom in Beihai ushered in the end of the drama. Only one city of unfinished buildings was left, and Beihai has since been called "Real Estate Bubble Economy Museum".
The large number of unfinished buildings has indirectly affected Beihai’s investment promotion and scared many investors away. In 2002, the president of a German multinational company visited Beihai and was full of doubts about the visible "unfinished buildings": Why are there so many half-built houses? Something must have happened here!
But the strange thing is that although the real estate dream is shattered and the industry is not working, another industry has sprung up.
Deep MLM
Nowadays, what do people think of when talking about Beihai? MLM is probably a word that appears frequently.
This is the current people's inherent impression of Beihai, and this impression is the result of its decades of development.
After the real estate bubble, although the investors are gone, the funds are gone,However, the remaining properties are real, and the price is low. In addition, Beihai itself is a coastal city with a beautiful environment and pleasant climate, which has been successfully attracted by the MLM army.
Under the guise of tourism, renting houses with lower rents, Beihai’s MLM business is getting bigger and bigger.
In the end, it became well-known nationwide. Under pressure, Beihai has also engaged in several large-scale MLM sweeps, but this kind of industry has penetrated into the genes of Beihai city and has always been difficult to eradicate.
And amazingly, due to the entry of the MLM army, the North Sea economy has begun to show signs of recovery. Hundreds of thousands of people have poured into Beihai to eat, live, and consume. For Beihai, which has no industries, it is another way to generate income, especially the property market, which has been restored.
But no matter how good the road is, one cannot be greedy. MLM has made real investors across the country hesitate and hesitate. If Beihai wants to change people's bad impression of it and embark on a path of healthy development, it has to find another way out.
Difficult to change
Since its establishment, Beihai has frequently changed its positioning. This is also considered to be one of the reasons for the poor development of Beihai.
In 1997, as the market adjusted, the North Sea economy rebounded. In 1998, Beihai entered the first batch of "China's Outstanding Tourist Cities". In 1999, Guangxi designated Beihai as a commercial and tourist city.
In 2000, the Beihai Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government decided to take tourism as the pillar industry of Beihai’s new economic growth point to promote the development of tertiary industries such as commerce and real estate.
2001,Under the strategic thinking of "Great Opening and Great Development", Beihai's positioning has been revised as a "Business and Tourism City".
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" (2005-2010), Beihai's urban positioning was to be the first to rise in the Beibu Gulf (Guangxi) economic zone and build a regional international center city.
The frequently changed city positioning and the frequent change of development direction make it impossible for Beihai to move its power to one place. Moreover, different positionings and different policy resource changes make Beihai no two sides in business or tourism. , The industry has not seen a big improvement.
At that time, 14 of the first batch of coastal open cities in the country, as the smallest area of Beihai, the economic results were also the smallest. Beihai, which has been struggling with no development opportunity, has finally embarked on a rapid development track in recent years.
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