There are 30,000 people on our side and 200,000 people on the other side. How should we fight this battle? Han Xin gave us the answer, that is, 30,000 people can't run, and they will either drown in the water or die in battle. Let's do it. Therefore, from ancient times to the present, people who can fight are cruel, and cruel to the enemy is even more cruel to their own people. History seems to be afraid of ruthless people. The battle of Jingxing Sino-Korea letter successfully defeated the 200,000 army of Zhao Jun with a mere 30,000 soldiers, which is a miracle in the history of ancient wars.
The reason why a miracle is a miracle is that it is difficult to reproduce. It stands to reason that it is like a last-minute battle. The investment cost is small, and the successful profit is huge. It should be sought after by later generations and become the object of imitating. However, in the subsequent war that lasted more than two thousand years, few people used this method. Plan, and those botched imitators all ended in failure. What are the secrets hidden in the miracle in the history of ancient warfare?
1. How to crack the last battle
The battle of Jingxing took place in between Chu and Han in 204 BC. During this period, Qin State perished, and two alliance camps formed on the Central Plains, one was the Han camp headed by Liubang , and the other was the Chu camp headed by Xiang Yu . A year before the Battle of Jingxing, Liu Bang was all over the Battle of Suishui, but Xiang Yu broke through 560,000 troops within half a day. "Suishui did not flow" and even lost his pants. , I almost couldn't come back, so there were only two or three kittens left. It was at this time that Han Xin proposed to open up the northern battlefield. After successfully destroying the Wei Dynasty, Han Xin teamed up with Zhang Er to cross the Taihang Mountain Jingxingkou and attack Zhao Guo .King Zhao and Cheng Anjun two hundred thousand troops stationed in Jingxingkou defense.
From the beginning of this war, the balance of victory and defeat has almost infinitely tilted towards Zhao Jun. Han Xin’s Han army belongs to the guest army and came from afar. In addition, the terrain of Jingxingkou is very unfavorable for the transportation of grain and grass, and the rear replenishment is inevitable. Very problematic. As long as Zhao Jun sticks to his battalions and trenches, Han Xin's 30,000 people will have to be dragged to death at Jingxingkou. Therefore, Guangwu Jun Li Zuoche's opinion was that used 30,000 soldiers to harass the grain road and cut off the Han army's heavy food and grass supplies. Zhao Jun could only use garrison . At that time, the Han army had only 200,000 troops in the way, unable to fight hard, and was harassed to retreat. It was impossible to retreat. Han Xin and Zhang Er were squeezed and crushed.
I have to say that this strategy is indeed ruthless. Even Han Xin, known as the "Bing Xian" in later generations, was very thankful when he learned that this strategy was not adopted. In "Historical Records·Volume 92·Biography of the Huaiyin Marquis 32", and Simaqian were used. The word "big joy" is enough to see how excited Han Xin was at that time.
The strategy Li Zuoche said is actually the best way to break the last battle. This is also the fundamental reason why the famous generals of past dynasties did not dare to try their last stand easily. To put it bluntly, 's so-called last battle is just an extremely dangerous trick used by the weak offensive side and has to attack. As long as the enemy on the dominant side stands firm and responds to changes in the same way, the offensive side will do. There is only one way to die.
2. A good strategy must meet a stupid opponent
In ancient times, there were many people in wars.Sun Tzu's art of war was good, with ten times the strength of the enemy, he surrounded the enemy and ate them all. If it is five times as much, you can attack directly without saying a word. If you only have twice the force, you can only disperse the enemy. The above is the way to victory. For example, there are similar people in the back. Although they can fight, they may not win. If there are fewer people than the enemy, then they can run, and they can only avoid the edge if they can't.
There is nothing wrong with this. At that time, the chief general of the Zhao army, Chen Yu, believed that our rebels had to be upright in the war, and it would be too shameful to use tricks. And according to the battlefield news at the time, although Han Xin claimed to be an army of tens of thousands, he was actually at a level of several thousand. He was exhausted after running thousands of miles to attack. If this is still to be avoided, I am afraid that it will be laughed at by the princes of the world. You know, he owns a 200,000 army, even if it is 200,000 pigs, Han Xin would have to die if he wants to catch it.
Therefore, if a good strategy is to take shape, a stupid opponent must be used as a foil. But against Sima Yi , a well-matched opponent, they had no choice but to be consumed alive. Han Xin, the soldier, confronted the pedantic and arrogant Chen Yu, and the result can be imagined.
When Chen Yu refused to obey Li Zuoche, Han Xin had already succeeded. The upright formation was no longer needed in the Spring and Autumn Period. This is how Song Xianggong could not be played, and Chen Yu dared to do so. , Naturally there is only a dead end. The strategy doesn't have to be more sophisticated, as long as the opponent sets it up. Han Xin is taking advantage of Chen Yu’s arrogance and wanting to win quickly
This of course cannot be said that Chen Yu is a complete stupid talent. It is just that Han Xin that he is facing, his intelligence is instantly stretched. Grades. Chen Yu did not keep a cool head when he led the army.He didn't even do an analysis of the enemy's strength, just focusing on the paper advantage of quantity, which is obviously very unreliable.
3. Han Xin’s confidence in the last battle
After talking about Zhao Jun’s winning points, let’s take a look at Han Xin’s advantage. He needs his own strength to fight iron. There may be enemy troops who collapse without fighting. That's why Sun Tzu's Art of War says that knowing oneself knows that the enemy is not dead in a hundred battles.
Han Xinfang’s first advantage is to bring great victory. As we have mentioned before, before the battle of Jingxing, Han Xin completed the eradication of the Wei Dynasty and won very beautifully. Han Xin is often surprising. It also cultivates the soldiers’ confidence. This is the most critical basis for the last fight. If the soldiers don’t trust Han Xin, then when Han Xin wants to let the soldiers stand on their backs, it is estimated that the soldiers will directly mutiny, and it will not be Zhao Jun’s turn. attack. It is precisely because Han Xin has a huge reputation in the soldiers, so he can guarantee the normal transmission of military orders.
The so-called " went all out in one go, then faded again, and died three times. ” Han Xin was in this state when he first arrived at Jingxingkou. Although he was inferior in strength, he was in absolute morale. The above can be described as unrecognizable. In contrast, although the Zhao Jun on the opposite side has 200,000 giants, most of them are recruits, who have not experienced the experience of war and can only fight tailwinds. Once they go against the wind, they will be defeated.
The essence of strategy is actually to give play to one's own side and advantages, and let the enemy enter the disadvantage .The question before Han Xin is very simple, that is, how to lure Zhao Jun out of the fixed camp with the least number of soldiers, and drag out the main force so that another army can seize the camp. This is a success, yes. It's as simple as that, and this is why Han Xin's backlash is back.
His own morale is high, so there is nothing to lose. At this time, time is the key to everything. The battle of Jingxing is a game against time. The only chance for Han Xin to win is to take advantage of his morale. Zhao Jun down from the drum. Procrastination for a long time, even with Han Xin's ability as a soldier, it will feel tricky.
Fourth, Zhao Jun’s cooperation from beginning to end
Okay, now Han Xin has sent two thousand light cavalry back to the side of Zhao Jun from the small road in the middle of the night At any time, you can take advantage of the opportunity of Zhao Jun's attack to successfully steal the big camp. The ten thousand troops on the front had also crossed the Jingxingkou, leaning back against the Mian Manshui and setting up the camp. Now it was up to Zhao Jun whether he would cooperate with his plan and drill into this pocket.
In fact, no matter how much ordinary generals can talk about, once they face the world famous generals on the battlefield, they can only score points. Chen Yu saw the Han army play with the backwaters and laughed directly. For those who have passed the art of war, this camp must be based on the mountain to the right, so that it will not be attacked. It is better to have water in the front and left, so that when the enemy attacks, it will not be able to form. But what does this mean by leaning against the river? When the battle started, we only needed Zhao Jun to rush forward, and Han Xin and his 30,000 Han troops could only fall into the water. Don't forget, a year ago, Liu Bang was rushed to Suishui by Xiang Yu. Five hundred and sixty thousand troops were pushed into Suishui and directly blocked the flow of Suishui.
did what he said, Chen Yu, without saying anything, immediately ordered Zhao Jun out to fight. In his opinion, this is just a game of 200,000 to 10,000 ducks, and it was true at the beginning. Han Xin saw Zhao Jun attack,Without a word, just throw away the ceremonial guard, pretending to be defeated and fleeing to the river with all his strength. Chen Yu and Zhao Wang are happy this time, that's it? Also called Bingxian? He immediately attacked at full speed, attacking the backwater formation with all his strength, and wanted to drive the Han army directly into the water.
Seeing Zhao Jun hit the bait, the two thousand light horses ambushing by the Zhao Jun camp quickly attacked, seized the Zhao Jun camp, and planted Han army flags all over the camp. This hand Han Xin played very slippery and very effective. , Han Xin also used it when was behind Gaixiazhiwei. It was embarrassed on all sides. Even Xiang Yu was recruited, and Chen Yu didn't play any tricks. Seeing that the backwater formation could not be attacked for a long time, Chen Yu turned around to see, good fellow, his camp has all been planted with the red flags of the Han army.
Zhao Jun was in chaos. The shortcomings of the army were exposed, and they collapsed all around. There was no way to get them together. In addition, Han Xin led the Han army and the Qingqi who seized Zhao Jun’s camp was flanked by both sides, Zhao Jun thought It's hard to be undefeated.
5. Backwater Battle Summary of the Elements
It can be seen that Han Xin's last battle was able to endure the death and win the victory. In the following two aspects, one is that military orders can be effectively executed by soldiers. The second is to encounter an extremely cooperative opponent, pay attention, these two points are indispensable.
has imitated the last battle twice during the Three Kingdoms period. One is Xu Huang . Faced with a famous general like Zhao Yun, he dared to play a backwater battle. The result was a morale blowout and the entire army collapsed in the first battle. The second is the very famous battle of street pavilions, horse imitated Han Xin's idea of "putting the dead and reborn", abandoning the water source and guarding the mountain. Trying to copy Han Xin's miracle,As a result, he was surrounded by the famous generals of the Wei state, and Zhang Yun , and was beaten to a halt, creating a scene of famous Peking opera such as "lost in the air". Ma Di lost the street pavilion and Zhuge Liang failed in his first Northern Expedition. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the Jin Army attacked the Song Dynasty, the Song Army came to a battle against the water and lived toward death. As a result, all five hundred golden cavalrymen were driven down the river.
does not mean that the backwater battle is not used, but that the people who have used the backwater formation since Han Xin are gone. The backwater battle emphasizes not defense, but quick victory. Han Xin led the 30,000 troops to attack Zhao Jun only suffered from Zhao Jun's sticking strategy, so he used a backwater formation to lure the enemy. The key depends on the two thousand light cavalry who stole homes. It’s better for posterity, one by one, they only remembered "throwing to the ground and then saving, sinking to the death and then reborn", painting a tiger is not an anti-dog. In the case of no quick victory and no response from the outside world, the copycat fights against each other. It is only blame for success. Woolen cloth.
The most important thing is that it will be difficult to find a pair of opponents with such a big gap between Han Xin and Chen Yu. Han Xin was able to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy and ourselves step by step, mobilize the combat power of his own soldiers step by step, and at the same time purposefully lead Chen Yu into the wrong position. And Chen Yu followed Han Xin's plan stupidly from beginning to end. If Zhao Jun was completely wiped out and Chen Yu was killed, almost everyone would believe that he was a spy of the Han army.
For a long time, many people have believed that the battle of the backwaters is inconsistent with the art of war, and that the garrison should "back the hills on the right and the waters on the left." This is of course not bad, but it is only at the implementation level. Han Xin is not at this level at all. Although it is said that standing up against the water will indeed put the soldiers in desperation, it will also arouse the soldiers' spirit of having to fight, but this spirit cannot For a long time, there is a saying in the art of war that you will survive if you fight quickly, and you will die if you don't fight quickly. Quickly use this morale to quickly disintegrate the enemy. At this time, the miracle of winning more with less can happen, but once it is dragged into a protracted battle, such as the predicament of when horses lose the street pavilion .The soldier's morale will quickly drain, and he will collapse without fighting.
There are not many ancient generals who can win more with less. Except for pure martial arts like Xiang Yu, relying on their own powerful charm, they used their own powerful charm to inspire fighting spirit and complete the similar effect of Han Xin’s last battle. The others were almost unsuccessful. Among them, there are also reasons for inefficiency in it. With such a surprisingly winning routine like a last fight, Han Xin has once, and people later will naturally know the doorway inside. It is almost impossible to get the same trick again, unless Encounter a general like Chen Yu again.
Han Xinbing, with the right combination to make a surprise victory, flexible use of troops, and ultimately win more with less, the core is to understand the opponent, what kind of opponent to face, and adopt corresponding strategies. This is the key to success. If only entanglement If the strategy does not conform to a certain military law, then it will not be an anti-dog.
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