Since 2008, my country has begun to identify industrial cities that are in the late stages of mineral resource development and are in urgent need of industrial transformation and upgrading as resource-depleted cities (mineral reserves have been mined over 70%); in April 2008 to 2012 During the year, a total of 69 counties and cities were identified as resource-exhausted cities, including 26 prefecture-level cities. Today, Hongye has selected 10 representative resource-exhausted cities among the 26 prefecture-level cities to see what their economic and social development has been in the past 10 years.
1. Luzhou maintains rapid development, Fushun has negative economic growth
The past ten years have been a period of industrial transformation and upgrading for my country's top ten resource-depleted cities. With the gradual depletion of mineral resources, the economic industries of these cities have gradually shifted to The modern manufacturing industry, high-tech industries and the tertiary industry will be transferred and upgraded. With the transformation and upgrading of industries, the proportion of industry has dropped sharply, and the economic growth rate of these cities has naturally slowed down and entered a period of low-speed development. In the 10 years from 2011 to 2021, the nominal growth rate of my country's GDP is 142%. Let's take a look at the economic development of the top ten resource-exhausted cities in the past ten years.
In the past ten years, 9 of the top ten resource-depleted cities have experienced positive economic growth. Among them, Luzhou City in Sichuan Province has the highest economic growth rate, with a nominal GDP growth rate of 167% in 10 years; the food and beverage industry supports Luzhou’s economy Its rapid development has far exceeded the national average economic growth rate, and it is the only city among the top ten resource-depleted cities that has exceeded the national average growth rate. Cities with economic growth rates exceeding 100% but lower than the national average include Huaibei in Anhui, Huangshi in Hubei, and Tongling in Anhui. Emerging manufacturing industries have played an important role in their economic development.
The economic growth rate is below 100%, which is far lower than the national average economic growth rate. There are as many as 6 cities in low-speed development. They are Shaoguan in Guangdong, Tongchuan in Shaanxi, Pingxiang in Jiangxi, Jiaozuo in Henan, Zaozhuang in Shandong and Resource-exhausted cities such as Fushun, Liaoning Province. Among the six low-speed developing resource-exhausted cities, the economic growth rate in Jiaozuo, Zaozhuang and Fushun in 10 years was less than 50%. Among them, the economy of Fushun even experienced negative growth, with GDP falling from 111.3 billion 10 years ago to 87 billion. Fushun is an old industrial city dominated by heavy industries such as steel smelting. Its economic structure has not been substantially optimized in recent years, and it is still in the mud of industrial transformation and upgrading.
2. Tongling has the greatest transformation, Huaibei The tertiary industry has developed the fastest
Resource-depleted cities used to be my country's old industrial cities, and their secondary industries accounted for a very high proportion, generally above 60%, and industry It plays an important supporting role in the economy. However, with the depletion of mineral resources and the decline of traditional heavy industry, resource-depleted cities have entered a period of industrial transformation and upgrading. The industrial transformation and upgrading of resource-depleted cities means the transfer and upgrading of tertiary industries such as modern manufacturing, high-tech industries and service industries. Therefore, in this process, the proportion of the secondary industry will often decrease, and the proportion of the tertiary industry will decrease. The phenomenon of rising ratio.
In the past ten years, among the top ten resource-depleted cities, the proportion of the secondary industry in 10 cities has declined to varying degrees. Among them, there are 4 cities where the proportion of the secondary industry has dropped by more than 20%, namely Tongling, In 4 cities including Huaibei, Tongchuan and Pingxiang , Tongling fell by 25.2%, which is the city with the greatest transformation and upgrading efforts. Among these four prefecture-level cities, Tongling is dominated by traditional heavy industries such as steel smelting. Huaibei, Tongchuan and Huaibei are all based on coal development. Prefecture-level cities were also established because of industries such as steel and coal energy. Industry plays an important role in the economy. plays a leading role in the industry, so the pressure for transformation is also the greatest.
The three resource-depleted cities with the smallest decrease in the proportion of the secondary industry are Shaoguan, Luzhou and Huangshi. The decrease in the proportion of their secondary industry is within 15%.Shaoguan is an old industrial city in Guangdong. Its economic aggregate once ranked among the top ten cities. Therefore, its industrial transformation and upgrading occurred earlier. It has been developing steadily in the past ten years, and the proportion of the secondary industry has only dropped by 6.5%. Luzhou's once leading industry, machinery manufacturing, later began to transform into food and beverage, so the decline in industrial proportion was not large; Huangshi is a traditional heavy industry mainly based on steel smelting, and Huangshi's industry is based on the elimination and upgrading of inherent industries. , actively develop emerging manufacturing industries, and the decline in the overall industrial share is also not large.
According to the objective laws of economic development, after high industrialization, the city's economy will gradually upgrade from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry in the process of industrial transformation and upgrading, thus reducing energy consumption and improving the added value and development quality of the industry. Therefore, the first The improvement of the three industries is also one of the indicators reflecting industrial transfer and upgrading. Among the top ten resource-depleted cities, the cities with the most recent increase in the proportion of the tertiary industry are Huaibei, Tongchuan, Tongling and Pingxiang, where the proportion of the tertiary industry has increased by more than 20%; while the tertiary industry has increased less in Shaoguan, Fushun, Luzhou, Huangshi and Zaozhuang, Shaoguan and Zaozhuang have entered a period of low-desire development, Fushun's development indicators in all aspects are declining, and Luzhou and Huangshi are in the middle and late stages of industrialization.
3. Tongling’s population surged by 80%, and the population of 4 cities experienced negative growth
Above we have already known the economic development of the top ten resource-depleted cities. Now let’s take a look at their population changes in the past ten years and see how they have progressed in industrial transformation and upgrading. under the influence. How have their population flows changed? In the past ten years, five of the top ten resource-depleted cities have experienced positive growth in resident population, namely Tongling, Zaozhuang, Huangshi, Luzhou and Shaoguan. Among them, Tongling has surged from 720,000 people in 2011 to 1.3 million. The volume reached 580,000, with a growth rate of 80%.
But at the same time, there are also four resource-depleted cities with a net outflow of permanent population and negative growth in permanent population. These four cities are Fushun, Huaibei, Tongchuan and Pingxiang. Fushun, an old industrial city located in the Northeast, has seen a decrease of 470,000 residents in the past ten years, a decrease of 21.36%. In the three energy-based cities of Huaibei, Tongchuan and Pingxiang, some of them have experienced the transformation and upgrading of the energy industry. Enterprises with high energy consumption, high pollution and low added value have been shut down, employment opportunities have been reduced, and the permanent population has emigrated.
Finally, based on the development of the top ten resource-depleted cities in the past ten years, cities such as Luzhou, Huangshi and Tongling have achieved better industrial transformation and upgrading effects and are in good economic development. The economic development of old northern industrial cities such as Zaozhuang and Jiaozuo has slowed down, and the effects of industrial transformation and upgrading are not obvious. Fushun in the northeastern region has experienced negative economic growth and serious population outflow. The city is being "Hegangized" and has entered the ranks of shrinking cities.
