Nowadays, hair and hair care has always been a hot industry, with a wide range of hair supplements and hair care products, and wearing wigs and hair transplantation is also very common. So did people in the pre-Qin period have troubles with hair loss? How did they usually take care of their hair?
Hello everyone, I am the author of @Zhang Rui Underwater Watch World Creative Team - Meimeiyang, who specializes in pre-Qin Chu culture research. In the last issue, we learned about the makeup class of Chuguo . In this issue, let’s learn about Churen ’s hair salon tools and see how they take care of their hair in daily life.
"The Legend of Miyue" Mi Shu dressed up in "The Legend of Miyue"
Chu was a southern country during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It has a large land, a large population, rich resources, and a rich life. Its style of admiring beauty is prevalent. Everyone in Chu has a love for beauty. The Chu people love beauty, not only their beautiful faces, but also their beautiful hair. People in the pre-Qin period paid great attention to hair care, because hair was not only a symbol of appearance, but also a manifestation of filial piety. After all, "the body and hair are treated by parents, and they dare not harm it. It is the beginning of filial piety."
According to the custom at that time, women should tie their hair up when they are over 15 years old and hold a grand coming-of-age ceremony , indicating that they are at the age of marriage. If you have never married, you will have a coming-of-age ceremony at the latest at the age of 20. Otherwise, you will become a well-known old unmarried young woman. You will be asked wherever you go, "Why haven't you gotten married yet?" The troubles of urging marriage have existed in ancient and modern times. In contrast, a man’s coming-of-age ceremony is later. When a man turns 20 years old, he must tie his hair and wear a crown, which means he is an adult.
At that time, both men and women had to combed their hair neatly and never shave it for no reason. Shaving your hair randomly has even become a punishment. This punishment is called the stern punishment, and is one of the five punishments of the pre-Qin , and is mainly to shave the prisoner's hair and beard. This is a kind of personality insulting punishment used to punish thieves, prostitutes, cheating women and other morally corrupt people.
Since hair is so important, what hair salon tools do Churen have? We are going to use archaeological excavation materials and pre-Qin documents to record again. When we approach the pre-Qin Chu Tomb, the world-famous Han Tomb with a strong Chu wind in Changsha Mawangdui. It is not difficult for us to find that the unearthed hair salon tools in this amazing ancient tomb are extremely rich, which makes us all amazed now! How could the Chu people attach so much importance to their hair? When exploring the customs of the Chu people, why do we need to use information unearthed from Han tombs? If you have any questions, you can read the previous article on Chu culture popular science - the makeup of Chu people.
Previous issue content: The makeup box unearthed from the Han Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan [lián] (a mirror box used for dressing in ancient women)
Next I will introduce to you the three categories of beauty and hair salon tools in Teacher Tony's treasure box of Chu State:
The first category: hair combing tools - combing, combing, combing
First, it is the tool for combing, combing, combing [bì], combing [zhì]. Just looking at these words, I suddenly felt a little headache. Since combs, combs and combs are all used to comb hair, what's the difference? Why is Chu Ren so troublesome to comb his hair!
wooden comb unearthed from Chu Tomb in Changsha
We searched through ancient documents such as " Shuowen " [1], " Interpretation of Names " [2], "Things Origin" [3] and other ancient documents that explain the text and the origin of things. It is not difficult to find that there are quite a difference between combs, combs and combs. If you want to know the specific details, you can read this article and find the easter egg in the endnote. Let’s talk about the key points first.
Although combs, combs and combs are tools for combing their hair, the density of teeth is different. "Chen" is a general term for hairdressing utensils such as combs and combs, regardless of the thickness and density of their teeth. "Comb" has sparse teeth and few teeth, and is mainly used to comb hair. It is convenient to comb hair into various styles.
"bone comb unearthed from the No. 2 tomb of Jiuliandun, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province,
"grou", also used as "bi", "天" or "lo" with dense teeth and many teeth, mainly used to remove dirt.The grate was very practical at that time. After all, it was not as developed as we are now in ancient times. We had full-featured shampoo and hair care essential oils. Every household had at least a shower, which could take a hot bath very conveniently. Ah, of course, friends from Ukraine and Europe, can we say something else if we can take a hot bath happily this winter, haha. Back to the topic, Chu people use combs to smooth their hair when they have nothing to do. They can not only remove dirt, but also remove head lice, which can make people feel refreshed and confident. If we modern people were caught lice from their hair, they wouldn't dare to look at such a picture.
zhen Huan's hair
Fortunately, we have a strong archaeological team. Today's archaeological discoveries have confirmed many records in historical documents. For example, the 34 wooden combs unearthed from the Chu Tomb in Changsha have relatively few teeth, ranging from 15 to 25. In contrast, the 22 grates unearthed have more teeth, ranging from about 25 to 90. This is tangible evidence of archaeological unearthed cultural relics.
unearthed from Chu Tomb in Changsha, comb and comb, in addition to combing hair and removing dirt, can you guess how the Chu people can play with two small objects? Haha, have you guessed it right? They put combs and castors in their buns, which can help restrain their hair, and they use these two small objects as head-shaped decorations. It is not an exaggeration to say that the decorative items on the hair were invented by the ancient Chinese. The more common ones are stylings of the head of a noble lady in the Tang Dynasty, which can be traced back to the pre-Qin period. Later, modern British people may have been inspired by us to bring their skills to the extreme of decorating items on their hair.
"Twelve Hours of Chang'an" Stills
Rococo hairstyle for beauties in the Middle Ages of Britain and the United States
modern British and American women's pirate style hair accessories
The comb and comb unearthed from the land are simple in shape, mainly three types: semicircular comb back, vertical long horseshoe comb back and rectangular comb back. These three are formed by combining fine comb teeth, and are divided into two types: thick back and thin back. The patterns of combs and combs are also rich, including cloud patterns, feathered people, birds and beasts. The materials are mainly made of wood, corners, bamboo and jade.
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comb and grate after use for a long time, it will inevitably cause dirt to be caught. The tools used to clean the dirt in combs and grates appear, and this tool is called "fú". Three pieces of Han Tomb No. 1, Mawangdui, Changsha [4] were unearthed. It is speculated that the three pieces of squid should be used in conjunction with combs and grates to remove dirt between teeth.
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 So should men in Chu take care of their head shape? Will there be special tools for men's hair salon? Let's continue to look down.
For men, in addition to their hair, they also have beards. Well, it seems that during the Chu State period, men had more preparations before going out. I guess their wives were shouting outside the door, "Hurry up, don't be silly, you'll be late for work."
Chu State men are also very particular about haircuts and beards. They have special tools for beard repair - scrapers and tweezers, which are equivalent to today's razors. "Shi Ming·Shi Jewelry" quotes "Popular Text" and mentions: "The hair cut is called tweezers." [1] The tungsten dressing tools for the No. 1 and No. 3 Han tombs of Mawangdui, Changsha, whose tomb owner is a man, have tweezers in the burial and dressing tools. [4] Using tweezers to pull out your beard, it hurts a little. The men in Chu are also working hard for beauty...
km horn tweezer unearthed from the No. 1 Han Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province, the second category: tools for fixing hairstyles - hairpin [jī], hairpin [zān]
After the hair is combed, you are about to start taking a hairstyle. The Chu people’s hairstyles are not like what we are now. They just need to comb them into various buns. The hair bun is a knot of various shapes formed by ancient people on the top of their heads or behind their heads. A man with status even needs to wear a crown and hat after he tied his hair bun.The strips used to fix the bun or crown [biàn miǎn] are called hairpins.
hairpins were initially conical, but gradually evolved into needle-shaped, and were divided into two types. The hairpins of the hairpins are common to both men and women, and the hairpins of the solid crown are used only by men. The history of the hairpin is very long, which can be traced back to Stone Age . It was originally made of animal, clam, and bamboo, and later replaced by jade, gold, silver, jewelry and ivory.
horned hairpin unearthed from the Han Tomb No. 1, Mawangdui, Changsha
A woman in Chu used a hairpin to fix her hairpin, which was called "通通" when she was an adult, which means she was wearing a hairpin on the hairpin, indicating that she had reached the age of marriage. The specific operation is to comb a bun for a woman of age, insert a hairpin, and then remove it after the ceremony is completed.
Girls and hairpin
For men, their purpose is not only to fix the bun, but also to fix the crown and hat. The pre-Qin hats could cover the head, and the small crown could only cover the bun, so wearing the crown must be fixed with double hairpins from the left and right sides. The hairpin that fixes the crown and cap is called the "fading hairpin".
"The Legend of Miyue" Huang Xie
No. 1 Han Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha [dài] Mrs. Hou Xin Zhui has three comb-shaped hairpins in the bun, which are inserted on the wig grafted at the end of the real hair and combed into a bun.
Changsha Mawangdui No. 1 Han Tomb Bamboo Banner
There is also a tool for fixing the hair bun, which is called hairpin. A hairpin is a needle-shaped ornament inserted between the hair, and it is also a classical headdress we are familiar with. The beauties in costume dramas wear various exquisite hairpins. In fact, hairpins are not used exclusively for women, but are used for men and women. When men and women in Chu State had hair, they must use hairpins to fix their hair buns, and later gradually evolved into jewelry for women to wear buns. The hairpin was originally made of stone grinding, and later it was also made of bamboo, jade, ivory, gold and silver.
Hairpin
There are many documents about hairpin. For example, "Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of Chunshenjun" [5] records an incident of showing off wealth caused by a hairpin. What is said is that Zhao State Pingyuan Jun sent an envoy to Chu State to visit Chunshen Jun . In order to show off the wealth of Zhao State, the envoy specially wore a tortoiseshell hairpin and showed off a scabbard decorated with pearls and jade, showing off his all the way. As a result, when I went to Chunshenjun's house, I saw that even the shoes on the guests' feet were embedded with big beads, and I was immediately depressed. In this round of showing off wealth, Pingyuan Jun lost completely.
Bone hairpin unearthed from Chu Tomb in Yutaishan, Jiangling,
The third category: hair enhancement tool - wig
Hair can be easily fixed with hairpins, hairpins and other tools. However, people in Chu will also experience natural phenomena such as hair loss, hair loss, and thin hair. What should I do if I have less hair? Wouldn't it be ugly if a small amount of hair can only be tied with a small bun?
Chu people also thought of this problem, after all, they regard thick hair as beautiful. Perhaps because people with thick hair generally have strong qi and blood. People with strong qi and blood often have strong vitality. At that time, thick hair was an important symbol of beauty. Well...it seems to be very important nowadays!
According to the Book of Songs·Yang [yōng] Wind·Gentleman Growing Up" [6], Mrs. Wei Xuan Jiang has thick black hair like clouds, so she doesn't bother to decorate with wigs. Her beautiful hair made Mrs. Wei a world-famous beauty, and also made her life full of bizarre colors. The poor beauty Xuan Jiang was first seized by her prospective father-in-law and forced to marry her stepson. This was all caused by her beautiful hair. This paragraph shocked everyone a bit. What should people in their family call her back then? Is it better to call my mother-in-law or my granddaughter-in-law? I'm leaving this question to everyone, and I'm completely confused.
TV series "The Eastern Zhou Dynasty Country: Spring and Autumn" Xuan Jiang
But in reality, not everyone can have black and beautiful hair like Xuan Jiang. Especially when you get older, you have even less hair. It seems that hair loss and even baldness are common troubles between ancient and modern times, both China and foreign countries. In order to solve the problem of hair loss and avoid the crisis of middle-aged baldness, the nobles will mix wigs into their real hair and insert several hairpins and hairpins to fix it.
According to the "Zuo Zhuan·Ai Gong's Seventeenth Year" [7], Duke Zhuang of Wei saw the wife of the minister Ji's hair passing by on the city, and his hair was black and thick, so he was moved. He was not moved by the beauty, but by the show's hair. He immediately sent someone to grab it, forced her hair to cut her hair, and made a wig for his wife Lu Jiang . It's robbed! Lu Jiang was happy, but Ji held a grudge and later found an opportunity to take the life of Duke Zhuang of Wei. It's really a bloody crime caused by a wig. It seems that not only wool but also hair cannot be plucked randomly. It can be seen that it was very common for pre-Qin nobles to wear wigs. The archaeological discoveries of Chu Tomb once again confirm the literature records. Many wigs have been unearthed from tombs such as No. 1 Chu Tomb of Mashan, Jiangling, Hubei [8], Xinzhu Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan [4], Chu Tomb of Changsha [9], Baoshan Tomb of Baoshan [10], and Mawangdui No. 3 [11], etc., including many wigs, some for women and some for men. It seems that regardless of gender, both Chu people need to add wigs to fill the store when Mr. Tony is doing his hair style.
Mawangdui No. 1 Han Tomb owner Pankie Wig
Hello everyone, I am the pre-Qin Chu culture scholar - Meimeiyang. This is the end of our hair salon tool in this issue. Do you think you have not finished it yet? Maybe you want to ask what hairstyles do Chu people have? Does the current costume drama look in line with the real Chu hairstyle in history? Then look forward to the next issue...
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References:
[1] (Han) Xu Shen, (Qing Dynasty) Duan Yucai's note: "Shuowen Jiezi Notes", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1981, page 283. "Shuowen·Volume 6·Muji": "The comb is the name of comb and compare." Duan Yucai's note: "The subtle ones are combs, and the dense ones are comparisons." Written by Liu Xi (Eastern Han Dynasty), Bi Yuan's subtitles, Wang Xianqian's subtitles: "Shuoxian" by Zhonghua Book Company, 2008, page 159. "Shi Ming·Shi Jewelry" says: "The comb means that the teeth are sparse, and the number is comparison. Comparing the comb means that the teeth are different. Comparing the comb means that the teeth are different. Comparing the comb means that the comparison is fine."
［3］ (Ming Dynasty) Gao Cheng: "Shi Jiyuan" Volume 6, published by Chen's family in Jian'an in the ninth year of Zhengzheng, page 4. "The Origin of the Things, Crown Jewelry, Comb": "The Vertical Record of Eryi says: 'Hxu made a comb, made of wood, and twenty-four teeth, which means clearing.'"
[4] Hunan Provincial Museum, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: "Han Tomb No. 1, Mawangdui, Changsha", Cultural Relics Publishing House.
[5] (Western Han Dynasty) Sima Qian: "Records of the Grand Historian", Zhonghua Book Company, 2012, page 2395.
[6] Chen Zizhan: "Direct Interpretation of the Book of Songs", Fudan University Press, 1983, page 142.
[7] Yang Bojun edited: "Notes on Zuo Zhuan of the Spring and Autumn Period", Zhonghua Book Company, 2009, page 1707.
[8] Wang Congli: "Seeing the Clothing of Chu from Archaeological Data", "Wenbo", 1992, No. 2.
[9] Hunan Provincial Museum, et al.: "Changsha Chu Tomb", Cultural Relics Publishing House, 2000, page 435.
[10] Hubei Province Jingsha Railway Archaeological Team: "Baoshan Chu Tomb", Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1991, page 150.
[11] Hunan Provincial Museum, Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology: "Han Tomb No. 2 and No. 3, Mawangdui, Changsha", Cultural Relics Publishing House, 2004, page 140.
