Author: Chen Lei Hunzhi Team Zhang Wenhong
From December 2019 to 2022, the emergence of the new coronavirus has changed a lot. After the full relaxation in December 2022, basically everyone has a fever, resistance. The good symptoms are mild, just like a cold, and the resistance is weak, with varying degrees. During the days of self-cultivation at home, I flipped through this book. This book shows some infectious diseases in a very popular and popular way. For thousands of years, human civilization has been coexisting and fighting against germs and viruses. No matter how science and technology develops, various human efforts and research, in the initial confrontation between germs and humans, human casualties were heavy and the number of deaths caused by germs exceeded that of war and other causes. In front of germs, everyone is equal. Although we cannot understand all infectious diseases like medical students, we can at least understand some infectious diseases, their causes of transmission, sources of infection, routes of transmission, etc. In short, new crown will not be the last virus. The war between humans and viruses will continue for a long time. Humans and viruses can only coexist. Life is not easy. Love life!
"Smallpox" The smallpox virus
Mexico destroyed Aztec civilization.
From the 16th century to the end of 1980
In a few decades, smallpox, together with war, wiped out 90% of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
later spread to Europe and Asia, sweeping the world.
Edward Jenner discovered a way to prevent smallpox.
Use the method of to inoculate pox to eliminate smallpox.
"Typhoid fever" Typhoid bacilli
were rampant in the 19th century. In the Crimean War in the 1850s, 500,000 soldiers died, 90% of whom died not in battle, but died from typhoid, cholera and other infectious diseases.
The German Robert Koch wanted to find germs. He was the founder of the world's pathogenic bacteriology.
Transmission route: fecal-oral transmission .
Until Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, antibiotics could kill such bacteria .
「Syphilis」Treponema pallidum
Transmission route: sexual transmission, mother-to-child transmission, blood transmission.
In 11494, France attacked the Naples region of Italy. Through sexual transmission, syphilis spread wildly among the armies of various countries.
Before the discovery of penicillin, there were two treatments, one was mercury treatment and the other was herbal treatment.
It wasn't until penicillin was discovered that things turned around.
「AIDS」HIV
started in 1980 and has caused tens of millions of heat deaths till now. The time it takes to detect AIDS is short.
Transmission route: sex trade, medical equipment (needle) for use.
AIDS is one of the important causes of poverty in Africa.
「 tuberculosis」Mycobacterium tuberculosis
appeared in primitive humans, 70,000 years ago.
In the 4th century BC, together with the Egyptians
In the 2nd century BC, the Han Dynasty spread to China.
is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract.
German Robert Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Four steps: Find the suspected pathogen - Cultivate the suspected pathogen - Infect healthy animals - Extract the pathogen from the sick animal.
BCG vaccine: protect newborns
Four drug combination therapy: Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol
National tuberculosis report in 2020, global tuberculosis infection is close to 2 billion, and it is one of the top ten causes of death in the world.
Since 2007, tuberculosis has been the single infectious disease causing the largest number of infections and deaths.
" Plague " Yersinia pestis
The first two most famous ones were in Europe,
the first time was Justinian's Plague. At that time, the death toll in Constantinople accounted for one-third or even half of the total number of people.
The second plague pandemic killed more than 20 million people, which is said to have accounted for a quarter of the total population of Europe at that time!
Due to ecchymosis on the patient's skin, the body turned black after death, which became the frightening Black Death in history. The third time
went global, it affected more than 60 countries in Asia, Europe, the United States and Africa, with tens of millions of deaths, causing about 3 million deaths in China and 9 million deaths in India.
Chinese Wu Liande appeared and found that the patient's lungs contained Yersinia pestis, which was called pneumonic plague.
In 1943, the American Waxman obtained streptomycin from Streptomycin, which was the second antibiotic used clinically and could easily kill Yersinia pestis.
So it is very important to eliminate rats and mice! Stay away from wild rats!
" Ebola " Ebola virus
A virus named after a river. Decades ago, on the banks of the Ebola River, a sudden infectious disease infected 318 people and killed 280, with a mortality rate of 88%.
Confirmed the new virus and named it Ebola virus. Understand how the virus spreads, through blood and repeated use of needles. Take measures to find the source of the virus, bat .
"Influenza" influenza virus
H1n1 Since its birth, it has killed nearly 100 million people around the world.
was forced to stop, laying hidden dangers for and during World War II.
1918 Spanish Flu.
Avoid the flu, wear a mask, wash your hands frequently, exercise, stay up less late, improve your physical fitness, and get vaccinated every year.
"Cholera" Vibrio cholerae
Transmission route: Fecal-oral transmission
Treatment: The first is to rehydrate, and the second is to use antibacterial drugs.
starts with banning pollution.
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