" Daqin Fu" is over, but about Daqin, about Qin Shihuang is far from over, even the Qin Dynasty has ended for more than 2,000 years, but the debate about Qin Shihuang has never ended.
Those who are familiar with Emperor Zhaolie know that I am a history lover and also a fan of Qin. Today, Lord Zhaolie will start with a sentence that everyone is most familiar with, and thoroughly describe what kind of dynasty the Qin Dynasty was like.
This is really famous, like thunder, and it has been repeatedly quoted in history to prove the cruelty of the Qin Dynasty. I believe you must have heard this sentence, the world has suffered for Qin for a long time.
The source of this sentence is Sima Qian "Historical Records", and the clear source is as follows:
Chen Sheng said: "The world has been suffering for a long time. , do you know who Chen Sheng is?
This question does not mean to insult you at all. Anyone who has studied nine years of compulsory education knows that Chen Sheng is the one who rebelled in Daze Township and opposed Qin Shihuang.
Remember this person Identity is the key to interpreting this sentence. Come on, if your understanding is different from before, please read the original text.
Chen Sheng said that after the world has been suffering for a long time, he did three things, falsely claiming that he belonged to Fusu and Xiang Yan The troops rebelled in the name of the two of them.
The second thing is to put a note inside the fish maw with the words Chen Shengwang written on it, which means that Chen Sheng is going to be king. Xing, King Chen Sheng".
Three things are done in one go, summed up in one word is deceit, he is deceiving the people around him, and he is deceiving the world, in order to prepare for his own rebellion. There is nothing strange about deceiving people. If you want to rebel, you have to For a reason, deception is often the most effective means.
Then the problem comes, since after saying "the world has been suffering for a long time", Chen Sheng's next three things are obviously deceiving people, so this sentence that the world has been suffering for Qin for a long time can be completely understood as, this is also in the Liars are nothing more than preparations for rebellion in power.
Chinese politics is precocious, and this method of fabricating lies for a certain purpose has been going on for thousands of years. Chen Sheng's sentence, the world has been suffering for a long time, is obviously a rhetoric for rebellion, but for thousands of years But it is generally quoted repeatedly and even treated as an irrefutable truth, so where is the problem.
Why everyone has been quoting this sentence for thousands of years, Chen Sheng lied, so will everyone in the world lie? Let's see how many people are against Qin Shi Huang.
(02) No one likes Qin Shihuang.
Qin Shihuang was a very successful person. This kind of success can be explained from the positive and negative aspects. The negative aspect is that Qin Shihuang did it successfully in the past, and China has grown from south to north. , From east to west, no one likes him, which is the best explanation for the widow.
Qin Shihuang's exploits have been mentioned in the previous article. If you are interested, you can read the previous article of Emperor Zhaolie. Here we mainly talk about who in the world hates Qin Shihuang.
I divided the people who hated Qin Shihuang into four categories. These three categories basically covered the mainstream forces in the society at that time. This is why it is said that no one in the world likes Qin Shihuang.
The first category of people from the six countries, the six countries here refers to the Shandong countries swallowed up by the Qin country , and there must be more than six in number. According to the main countries, they can actually refer to the non-Qin countries. of all the vassal states.
They hated Qin Shi Huang, because Qin Shi Huang was a ruthless person to them. When Zhou destroyed Shang, he also reserved two places for Shang, one is Wei Kingdom, and the other is Song Kingdom, so that merchants can continue to worship their Ancestors, retain some of the honor and privileges of the nobility.
But Qin Shihuang treated all people equally, no matter whether you were a monarch or a nobleman, all were demoted to commoners, the ancestral temple was no longer sacrificed, the country was completely destroyed, and the national elite was completely reduced to a toiling public without any privileges. Such treatment has never been seen in ancient times.
Because everyone attacked each other before, in the end there will always be a little dignity and face, especially dignity. Before Qin, there was a war to destroy the country, but it is best to treat their monarchs, at least to give enough face, more or less all. There is preferential treatment, because in the bones, whether it is destroying people or being destroyed, they still recognize your aristocratic status.
But Qin Shihuang was thorough and treated equally. In Qin Shihuang's eyes, there were no monarchs and nobility.
For this kind of treatment, the nobles of the six kingdoms hated Qin Shihuang. At that time, it was a certainty, represented by Zhang Liang and . They always seemed to kill Qin Shihuang, and Qin Shihuang never trusted them and was ruthless to them. suppress.
(03) Confucian scholars hate Qin Shi Huang.
After Qin Shi Huang settled down in the world, Qin Shi Huang once had a serious conversation with the powerful Confucian scholars, and when he went to Mount Tai to enshrine Zen, he also took the Confucian scholar with him.
But Confucian scholars have a claim that is in conflict with Qin Shi Huang's fundamental national policy. This point determines that the later Qin Shi Huang will not like Confucian scholars at all, and it is even less likely that Confucian scholars will like Qin Shi Huang.
This fundamental national policy is that the system of prefectures and counties is still feudal, that Confucian scholars respect Confucius as a teacher, and Confucius’s proposition is very simple.
The system in the period of Duke Zhou was the feudal system. The so-called feudalism means dividing feudalism and establishing a country. Confucius said that we should go back to the time of Duke Zhou. Mencius said that Confucius was right, so the proposition of Confucian scholars was to restore the rituals of Zhou and return to Duke Zhou. feudal system.
But Qin Shihuang knew that the country he finally conquered was based on the abolition of the enfeoffment system, and the Shang Yang reform changed the Zhou Metric system. It is impossible to go back to the past.
If the negotiation is not right, then there is no negotiation. In the end, Qin Shihuang set the country into 36 counties, all of which were directly under the central government, completely abolishing the feudal system, and Confucian scholars were not reused, because Qin Shihuang reused Legalism, This is the reason for the constant scolding of Qin Shihuang in later generations, because later generations are the world of Confucianism.
People in the Six Kingdoms don't like it, and scholars don't like it. Maybe Qin Shihuang can handle these things, but no one in Qin Kingdom likes Qin Shihuang, which is rather scary.
Because Qin Shihuang advocated the abolition of the enfeoffment system, the first thing that disliked Qin Shihuang was the clan of the Qin State. In the country that everyone worked so hard to conquer, the clan could not eat a bit of meat, not to mention meat, not even soup. To, the hatred of the clan can be imagined.
What is a clan? The clan is Qin Shihuang's sons and daughters, Qin Shihuang's uncles, Qin Shihuang's grandfathers, Qin Shihuang's brothers and sisters (mostly cousins), in short, these are Qin Shihuang's closest relatives, why they hate Qin Shihuang, themselves and themselves The children and grandchildren cannot enjoy the wealth forever without hereditary.
The meritorious people of the Qin Dynasty did not like Qin Shihuang either.
Anyone who has been a parent knows that most of the hard work is for the sake of their children. Now Qin Shihuang said that your son cannot inherit your title and must fight. This is a huge blow to every parent. Therefore, none of the nobles, generals and high officials of the entire Qin state liked Qin Shihuang.
Everyone is selfish, because they all have descendants. This topic explains why the emperor likes to trust eunuchs. This is the most incisive point in "Da Ming Dynasty 1566".
In the Ming Dynasty, everyone had a way out, everyone had selfishness, only the eunuchs did not, because the eunuchs had no descendants, as long as you have descendants, you will think about the descendants. Half a dime relationship.
Saying this, don't you think it's scary? It turns out that from the royal family of the Six Kingdoms to the aristocracy, from the royal family of the Qin Kingdom to the nobles, and then to the Confucian scholars in the world, no one likes Qin Shihuang, this Qin Shihuang is too pitiful, right? , It was actually hated by almost everyone in that era.
(04) The princes and generals are kind of like
Speaking of this, you will definitely ask, what is Qin Shihuang’s plan, insisting on the county system, offends everyone, Qin Shihuang has only one purpose, that is, the county system is beneficial to the country Well, good for the common people, the common people here are the bottom people in the true sense.
Are you crazy? The people at the bottom suffered the most from the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. How could Qin Shihuang be for the sake of the people?
has already said before, Chen Sheng's sentence, "The world has suffered for Qin for a long time," is Chen Sheng's nonsense, the purpose is to find a reason for the rebellion, Chen Sheng has another sentence, and thousands of faces stir in the hearts of the people at the bottom, igniting Seeds of people's hope.
Prince and general, would you rather be kind?
This is the voice of all the people at the bottom, and this kind of voice can only be achieved by the Qin Dynasty. Before that, no regime could do it. The people hope.
Separation means that my title can be passed on to my children, and the children are followed by grandchildren. As long as the ancestors are powerful, the descendants can enjoy the wealth forever. Your bloodline and birth determine the fate of your life.
This is the enfeoffment system. The core of the county system is to break the enfeoffment system. Your glory, your title, your official position, your salary, everything is based on how much you have contributed to the country.
Do you want a title, fight for the country, contribute to the country, do you want an official position, even if your father is the prime minister, you have to start from the grassroots level and do something for the country.
This is the fundamental difference between the two systems, one is based on blood, the other is based on ability, which one is good for the people, it is clear at a glance, Chen Sheng's sentence of princes and generals is kind, only Qin Dynasty can do it, retreat. Later, in the feudal system, princes and generals only look at your "species".
Then the problem comes again. Since only the county system can give hope to the people, why do you feel that the people at the bottom of the Qin Dynasty are the ones most opposed to the Qin Dynasty?
This is to say, why did the Qin Dynasty die? The direct reason is that Xiang Yu defeated Zhang Han and killed Ziying. Xiang Yu was a nobleman, and it was he who destroyed the Qin Dynasty.
Whoever defeated Xiang Yu is Liu Bang . Never say Liu Bang is a peasant, Liu Bang's brother is a peasant, and Liu Bang despises such a brother the most. The key is that they despise each other.
After Liu Bang became emperor, because his sister-in-law looked down on him, he did not seal the elder brother's house, so under the repeated persuasion of his father, the seal was sealed.
However, the Hou name is very special, called Gengjie Hou. Geng Jie Hou. For those who make soup, it is the food in the pot; for those who make soup, use a spoon to scrape the pot. Gengjie Marquis, that is, the marquis who cooks the dishes and wears bright clothes, but wants to make a ugly hole for you, just ashamed that they disliked Liu Bang's unprofessional work back then.
(05) For the sake of the world,
has been scolded for the sake of the world
In short, Liu Bang, a low-level official of the Qin Dynasty from a local ruffian, eventually replaced the Qin Dynasty and established the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the prefectures and counties have a good system, but many times they cannot overcome human nature.
As a result, all tails were left, which eventually led to the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. This tail was not completely eradicated in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since then, the basic political system in China is the county system. The encapsulation of the noble family.
Basically, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was estimated that there were not many countries. This was the case in the Han Dynasty, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings in the Jin Dynasty, and the Jingnan Campaign in the Ming Dynasty. The chaos almost killed Qin Chao.
The county system that Qin Shi Huang insisted on with his life is the representative of the advanced system, but because it was too advanced, it was too anti-human and very human, so it was scolded by everyone at that time, and it was obviously given to the people at the bottom, a way out in the system , but he was also scolded the most by the people at the bottom. Such a Qin Shihuang is really pitiful.
There is no tyranny of Qin Shi Huang, there must be, but Qin Shi Huang's basic concepts and systems are advanced, and the country's subjugation is only because the advanced system was temporarily restored by the backward system.
Before human beings entered the industrial revolution, it was a very common thing for the backward to defeat the advanced. Zhou Deshang was a typical example. The savage conquered civilization, and the backward defeated the advanced.
analyzed why people at that time scolded Qin Shihuang, you probably understand why so many people don't like Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, they are all for their own interests.
includes Li Si . His last change in the dunes is also for his own continuous enjoyment of benefits. If he can seal a title and pass it down from generation to generation as he did before, he probably will not take risks.
There is nothing wrong with Qin Shihuang's direction, but the fault lies in the fact that he stepped a little too far, tearing the empire apart. The reason why many criticisms are institutional and continuous is because the fundamental concepts are different.
For example, someone left a message to me saying that he found a lot of people who were very supportive of Qin Shi Huang and engaged in legal professions. Of course, he thought that Qin Shi Huang was a Legalist. More importantly, the core ideas of law and Confucianism were in conflict.
There are many Confucian ideas, but there is one core idea and foundation, which is to oppose equality for all. In Confucian values, everyone must be unequal. The fact that everyone is equal is completely contrary to the concept of Confucianism. I understand this You can understand why many law students think that Qin Shihuang is not bad, because equality for everyone is what Confucianism is most opposed to.
I don't like Confucianism, so naturally I am close to Legalism and Qin Dynasty. This has nothing to do with personal morality, but what kind of basic values you have.
Many people scolded Qin Shihuang, then and later, but after you understand the reason, you will probably understand that the majority of voices do not mean the real majority. After you figure out the reason for being scolded, scolding Of course, it is your freedom not to scold. Whether you are a tyrant or a tyrant, you have your own public opinion, but don't follow others' opinions. It is the key to understand why others say that.
There is one emperor through the ages, the first emperor, merit is in the future, and benefits are in China. If you have merit, you will be praised. If you have done something wrong, you should not be dismissed. It’s just that it has been criticized for too much in history. I want to praise, and as for the scolding, I will not say much about the book that is full of sweat.
