Preparing for the 2023 College Entrance Examination Geography Round Review Test Point Help (Special for the New College Entrance Examination) 20 Differences in the Natural Environment (Simulation Practice + Real Question Practice) (2022·Anhui·Hefei City No. 8 Middle School Simula

Preparing for the 2023 College Entrance Examination Geography Round Review Test Center Help (Special for the New College Entrance Examination)

0 Differences in the natural environment

(simulation practice + real test practice)

(2022·Anhui· Hefei No. 8 Middle School simulation prediction) Arctic grass tundra vegetation community only appears in areas with sufficient soil water and cold climate. Its root system is shallow, and it is also called grassy tundra. Complete the following questions accordingly.

1． The reason why the grassy tundra vegetation has shallow root systems is ( )

A. Fertile soil b. The wind is strong C. Shallow burial in frozen soil D. The plants on the ground are small

2. In an environment with shallow snow cover in the cold season, the reason why grassy tundra has few plant residues above the snow is ( )

A. Weathering b. Temperature is too low C. Water erosion D. The abrasion of wind and snow

3． With global climate change, the evolution trend of Arctic grass tundra vegetation community is ( )

A. Gradually replaced by shrubs and forests B. Gradually replaced by desert

C. The grassy tundra vegetation community gained obvious advantages D. Grassy tundra vegetation is growing well in the cold season

[Answer] 1. C 2. D 3. A

【Analysis】

1. The soil water is sufficient, and in cold climate areas, the frozen soil is generally thick and the vegetation has shallow root systems, so C is correct. If the wind is strong, the root system of the vegetation should be more developed, so B is wrong. In areas with arid climate, the above-ground plants are small and the underground root system is developed, so D is wrong. There is no basis for judging soil fertility, and the relationship between soil fertility and root system is unclear, so A is wrong. Choose C for this question.

2． In the cold season, the ground surface is covered with snow, and wind and snow have a strong erosion ability on surface plants, leaving little plant residue, so D is correct. It has nothing to do with weathering, low temperature, or water erosion. Choose D for this question.

3． With global warming , high latitude areas are showing warm and humidification, and the vegetation succession direction is forests and shrubs, so A is correct. Because the climate becomes warmer and humid, it is unlikely to be replaced by desert, so B is wrong, the grass tundra vegetation community is replaced, so C is wrong, the grass tundra will grow better in the warm season, so D is wrong, so choose A for this question.

(2022· Jiangsu Province Liangfeng Senior High School 三级) The figure below represents the overview of glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps from 1955 to 2015. The figure below illustrates the changes in glacier balance (the balance of solid and liquid water in the glaciers during a certain period) over time in the two mountain ranges. Complete the following questions accordingly.

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1. The main factors leading to the difference in the mass balance of glaciers on different slopes in the two mountainous areas are ( )

A. Dominant wind direction B. Distance from the sea C. Vegetation cover D. Mountain slope

5. After 1990, the changes in glaciers in the two mountainous areas reflect ( )

A. The Tianshan glaciers melt a lot B. The expansion of Tianshan glaciers is more obvious

C. The average snowline and heights of both are increasing D. Glaciers in the Alps accumulate faster

[Answer] 4. A 5. C

4． Reading the table shows that the mass balance of the northern and northeastern slopes of the two mountains is negative, with greater net ablation of glaciers, while the mass balance of the western slope is positive, with relative net accumulation of glaciers. Combining the knowledge learned, the western slopes of the two mountains are affected by the prevailing westerly winds, with more snowfall and relatively net accumulation of glaciers. The main factor in the difference in mass balance of glaciers on different slopes in the two mountainous areas is the dominant wind direction. A is correct. The Tianshan Mountains are deep inland, and the Alps are relatively closer to the ocean. However, the glacier mass balance patterns on the northern and western slopes of the two mountains are similar, indicating that they are not affected by distance from the sea. B is wrong. The vegetation coverage rate in the glacier distribution area is very low and has little relationship with vegetation coverage. Error C. The material does not have information to reflect the slope differences in different slope aspects, D is wrong. Therefore choose A.

5. After 1990, the cumulative mass balance of glaciers in the two mountain ranges decreased and was always negative, that is, the income of the glaciers was less than the expenditure, and the amount of glacier melt was large, indicating climate warming, reflecting that the average snow line height of both mountains was rising. C is correct. After 1990, compared with the two mountains, the Alps have lost more glaciers, AD is wrong. The glacier balance of the Tianshan Mountains is negative, and the Tianshan glaciers are melting rather than expanding, B is wrong. So choose C.

(2022·Heilongjiang· Harbin No. 3 Middle School simulation forecast) More than 30 years ago, Typhoon Vera hit the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, causing severe damage to the original forests of Changbai Mountain and forming a large-scale wind disaster landscape. As vegetation continues to recover and succeed, the pattern of wind-damaged landscapes continues to change. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the vertical band spectrum of Changbai. Answer the following questions accordingly.

6. The slope direction least affected by wind disaster in Changbai Mountain is ( )

A. Dongpo B. South slope C. Western Slope D. Beipo

7． In this storm, the most severely damaged natural zone is most likely ( )

A. Mixed coniferous and broad forest belt B. coniferous forest belt C. Yue birch forest belt D. Bushland

8. After the wind disaster, the correct inference on the evolution of vegetation in this area is ( )

A. The proportion of saplings has been increasing B. The forest density becomes larger

C． Increase in treeline elevation D. The average tree age keeps getting older

[Answer] 6. D 7. A 8. B

6. The north slope is located to the north of the tall mountain. Typhoon landed in the coastal area more than 30 years ago. The wind direction was mainly easterly, southerly and westerly, causing damage to the east, south and west slopes. Due to the direction of Changbai Mountain, it is difficult for the typhoon to cross the north slope. Therefore, the wind force is relatively small for the north slope, so the slope direction least affected by wind disaster is the north slope. Therefore, D is correct and ABC is wrong. Therefore the answer is D.

7. It can be seen from the figure that the mountainous mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest has the lowest altitude, is most affected by typhoons, and is highly destructive to the forest. Therefore, the mountainous coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt is the most damaged, so A is correct; in the coniferous forest belt, birch forest belt, and shrubland belt, the typhoon is blocked by the terrain at high altitudes and the wind force is reduced, so the damage to the vegetation is small, so BCD is wrong; so the answer is A.

8． After the wind disaster, the trees were broken by the wind, and the understory light became sufficient, allowing some positive species to invade in large numbers. The understory shrubs and herbaceous plants received sufficient light and space, and the forest density increased, so B is correct; typhoons are harmful to forests at higher altitudes. The forest has a small impact, so it has a small impact on the height of tree line , so C is wrong; trees are broken by the wind, saplings grow, and the average tree age decreases, so D is wrong; after the wind disaster, the environment is relatively stable, and the proportion of saplings will not continue to increase, so A is wrong. So choose B.

(2022·Shanxi·Huairen City No. 1 Middle School Simulation Forecast) There are many mountains in the Hengduan Mountains, with an average altitude of more than 4000m. There are snow peak glaciers with the lowest latitude in my country and rich biological resources, with extremely high scientific research value. In order to rationally utilize snow resources, prevent natural disasters and protect biological diversity, a scientific research institution has been observing the snow coverage rate in Hengduan Mountains for several consecutive years. The picture below shows the "Monthly average snow coverage rate and interannual changes in snow coverage in different elevation zones in the Hengduan Mountains from 2001 to 2019." Complete the following questions accordingly.

9. The characteristics of snow coverage in the Hengduan Mountains during the year are ( )

A. Affected by temperature, the snow coverage rate is highest in March B. Affected by precipitation, the snow coverage rate is the lowest in July

C. Snow coverage is relatively stable in summer, but changes significantly in spring and autumn D. Monthly changes in snow cover are the same

10. Hengduan Mountain Area ( )

A． Areas below 1000m above sea level are affected by human activities and have low and stable snow coverage

B. The interannual changes in snow coverage in each elevation zone above 1000m show a decreasing trend

C. There is a negative correlation between altitude and snow coverage

D. Areas with an altitude of 1000~3000m have the largest amount of snow.

[Answer] 9. C 10. B

9. The snow coverage rate in the Hengduan Mountains has obvious seasonal differences. The month with the highest snow coverage rate is March and the lowest month is July. As the temperature rises in April, the snow gradually melts, and the snow coverage decreases sharply, reaching the minimum in July; then the snow begins to accumulate, and reaches the maximum in March of the following year. Therefore, the high snow coverage rate in March is affected by the accumulation of winter snowfall and low temperatures; the low snow coverage rate in July is mainly related to the melting of snow as the temperature rises, and has little to do with precipitation. A and B are wrong. From the monthly average snow coverage map in the Hengduan Mountains from 2001 to 2019, it can be seen that the change amplitude of the curve from June to August is small, and the change amplitude of the curves from March to May and September to November is larger, indicating that the snow coverage rate is relatively stable in summer and changes significantly in spring and autumn. C is correct; there is a large difference in the monthly changes in snow coverage rate, D is wrong. So choose C.

10. In areas below 1000m above sea level in the Hengduan Mountains, climatic conditions are not conducive to snow accumulation, so the snow coverage is low and stable, Error A; affected by global climate change, the interannual changes in snow coverage in all elevation zones above 1000m are as follows Decreasing trend, B is correct; reading the picture shows that the higher the altitude, the higher the snow coverage, and there is a positive correlation between altitude and snow coverage, C is wrong; the picture only shows coverage information, and the amount of snow in the area with an altitude of 1000~3000m cannot be determined, D is wrong. So choose B.

(2022·Hubei· Huanggang Middle School second model) Cordyceps sinensis has a strong dependence on climate. Small changes in temperature, precipitation, sunshine, frozen soil and vegetation will lead to corresponding changes in its living microenvironment. Tibetan Cordyceps sinensis production areas are distributed in alpine shrubs and alpine meadows from above 3000m above sea level to near the snow line. The rainy season is the main season for the growth and development of Cordyceps sinensis. The figure below shows the average temperature and precipitation changes in the rainy season at each meteorological station in the Cordyceps sinensis producing area in Tibet from 1981 to 2015. Complete the following questions accordingly.

11. Regarding the climate changes in the rainy season in the Cordyceps sinensis producing areas in Tibet from 1981 to 2015, the following statement is correct ( )

A. Temperature rises, precipitation increases, and the climate becomes warmer and humid B. Temperature rises, precipitation decreases, and the climate becomes warm and dry

C. The temperature decreases, precipitation increases, and the climate becomes cold and humid D. Temperature decreases, precipitation decreases, and the climate becomes cold and dry

12. The impact of climate change on the growth of Cordyceps sinensis during the rainy season in Tibet’s Cordyceps sinensis producing areas from 1981 to 2015 is ( )

A. The lower limit of the suitable altitude for Cordyceps sinensis is directly raised, and the suitable area is narrowed

B. The lower limit of suitable altitude for Cordyceps sinensis has dropped directly, and the suitable area has expanded

C. The upper limit of the suitable altitude for Cordyceps sinensis is directly raised, and the suitable zone is narrowed

D. The upper limit of the suitable altitude for Cordyceps sinensis has dropped directly, and the suitable zone has expanded.

[Answer] 11. A 12. A

11. It can be seen from the average temperature change chart in the rainy season that the average temperature in most areas of the main Cordyceps sinensis producing areas has shown an upward trend within 10 years, and the temperature has a warming trend. Options C and D are incorrect. From the precipitation change chart in the rainy season, we can see that in most areas of the main Cordyceps sinensis production areas, precipitation is on an upward trend, and in a few areas, precipitation is on a decreasing trend. Overall, precipitation changes should show a humidifying trend. Option A is correct and option B is incorrect. Therefore choose A.

12. It can be seen from the material that Cordyceps sinensis production areas are mainly distributed in alpine shrubs and alpine meadows from above 3,000 meters above sea level to near the snow line. From the figure, we can see that the main Cordyceps sinensis production areas have a trend of warmer and humidification. The warm and humidification trend is beneficial to The growth of forests directly increases the lower limit of the vegetation zone of alpine shrubs and alpine meadows; as temperatures rise, the snow line will rise, and as precipitation increases, the snow line may fall. Therefore, the location of the upper limit of suitable altitude for Cordyceps sinensis is uncertain. Since the lower limit of the suitable altitude of Cordyceps sinensis has increased, and the position of the upper limit has changed uncertainly (the change is smaller than the previous position), the range of its suitable area is generally shrinking. Option A is correct and other options are excluded. Therefore choose A.

(2022·Henan·Simulation Forecast) The South Island of New Zealand is mountainous. Among them, there is a clear boundary between the Jingding Mountain and the flat-top mountain concentration areas (as shown below), and the Jingding Mountain is higher. Within the range of Pinnacle Mountains, the mountains in the southwest are more pointed. Complete the following questions accordingly.

13. At present, the spire mountain side of the island is higher than the flat-top mountain side ( )

① The uplift rate is faster ② The erosion rate is faster ③ The relative height difference is larger ④ The frequency of earthquakes is higher

A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D． ③④

14． Compared with the northwest of the island, the shape of the spire mountain in the southwest of the island is more pointed, mainly determined by ( )

A. Side erosion of flowing water B. Water erosion C. Wind erosion D. Glacier erosion

15. Roughly coinciding with the dividing line between the flat-topped mountains and the pointed-topped mountains of the island is ( )

A. Isothermal line B． Isoprecipitation line C. Contour lines D. Sea level isobars

[Answer] 13. C 14． D 15. B

13. The higher terrain of Jingding Mountain is not necessarily due to the current rapid uplift rate. It may be due to the early start of uplift or the high number of uplifts. ① is wrong; the terrain of Jingding Mountain is higher, the relative height difference between the top of the mountain and the foothills (ocean) is larger, and the average slope is larger, so it is eroded faster. ②③ is correct; the place is located at the plate extinction boundary, with many volcanoes and earthquakes, but the frequency of earthquakes is not directly related to the shape of the mountain. ④ is wrong, so choose option C, and option ABD is wrong.

14. The southwestern coastline of South Island is winding and deep, and is presumed to be a fjord landform. Glaciers were widespread in this area during the historical period, and the ancient glaciers had strong carving effects, resulting in the formation of angular peaks and blade ridges in the mountains, and the sharper peaks. Option D is correct; the lateral erosion of flowing water is more obvious in the middle and lower reaches of the river, and the landform features are U-shaped valleys. Option A is incorrect; the erosion of flowing water mostly shapes high mountains and deep valleys, represented by V-shaped valleys. Option B is incorrect; wind erosion often occurs in arid and semi-arid areas with strong winds. Option C is incorrect, so choose Option D.

15. The isothermal line is mainly affected by latitude and runs east-west. Option A is wrong; this place is located in the westerly belt of , the west side of the dividing line is closer to the windward slope of , and the east side is roughly the leeward slope, with a large difference in precipitation. The isothermal line may be related to the flat-topped mountains and pinnacle mountains of the island The dividing lines roughly coincide with each other, so option B is correct; the contours should be distributed in a closed shape from the coast to the mountains (multiple channels), option C is wrong; the isobars are significantly affected by the short-term atmospheric circulation and are relatively changeable, so option D is wrong, so option B is chosen.

(2022·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The picture below is a schematic diagram of the distribution of natural terrestrial zones in a certain region of the world. Complete the following questions.

16. The figure ①②③④ shows the regional differentiation pattern of reflected in the distribution of natural zones. is ( )

A. Vertical differentiation law B. Local differentiation rules

C． Latitude zone differentiation rules D. Differentiation rules of dry and humid zones

17． In the figure, the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt is distributed deep inland, and its influencing factors are ( )

A. Latitudinal currents B. Topographic currents

C. Latitudinal atmospheric circulation D. Topography Atmospheric Circulation

[Answer] 16. C 17. D

16. According to the information shown in the figure, ①②③④ natural zones are regional division rules dominated by differences in thermal conditions due to latitude differences. They reflect the differentiation rules of latitudinal zones. Option C is correct, but it does not reflect the vertical differentiation rules, local differentiation rules, and dry and humidity zone differentiation rules. The ABD option is wrong. So choose C.

17. According to the information in the diagram, it can be seen that this place is in western Europe, and the terrain is mainly plains, and the terrain is relatively flat. According to the latitude position shown in the figure, the area is controlled by the westerly wind belt. Since the terrain is relatively flat and the altitude is low, the warm and humid airflow brought by the westerly can penetrate deep into the inland, forming a temperate maritime climate. The main vegetation type is the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt, so its main influencing factors It is the topography and atmospheric circulation. Option D is correct; the distribution area deep inland is far away from the ocean and is less affected by ocean currents. Option AB is wrong; latitude mainly affects the type of vegetation and will not cause the same vegetation such as deciduous broadleaf forest to go deep into the inland. Option C is wrong, so choose D.

(2022·Shandong·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The tropical rainforest in the southeastern part of Nigeria is one of the only remaining primitive tropical rainforests in Africa. In 1991, the Nigerian government established Cross River National Park in an area with large tropical rain forest stock. An organization used remote sensing and other geographical information technologies to conduct a comparative study of the landscape of the national park area in 1986 and 2010 (picture below). Complete the following questions accordingly.

18. Compared with 1986, within the scope of Cross River National Park in 2010 ( )

A. The area of ​​scattered forest land and farms has shrunk B. The connectivity of biological living environment decreases

C. Improved integrity of tropical rainforest landscape D. Enhanced stability of rainforest ecosystems

19. The landscape types of degraded patches in the national park in the picture may be ( )

① shrub grassland ② meadow swamp ③ deciduous broad-leaved forest ④ evergreen sclerophyll forest

A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D． ③④

【Answer】18． B 19. A

18. According to the information in the diagram, it can be seen that the area of ​​scattered forest land and farms has increased, and A is wrong. The rainforest landscape has become fragmented, resulting in a decrease in the connectivity of biological living environments. B is correct and C is incorrect. The rainforest has been destroyed, the stability of the ecosystem has declined, has declined, and D errors have occurred. So choose B.

19. The climate of this area is dominated by tropical rainforest, with high precipitation, sufficient surface water, and widespread shrub grasslands, meadows and swamps. Human activities have a greater impact on it, leading to the degradation of this type of landscape type. ①② Correct. Due to the low latitude and low altitude of this place, it is difficult to form large areas of temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen sclerophyll forest, so ③ and ④ are wrong. So A is correct. BCD error. Therefore choose A.

(2022·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The picture below shows the distribution map of terrestrial natural zones in some parts of North America. Complete the following questions.

20. The natural bands ① and ② in the picture are ( )

A. Temperate desert zone, subarctic coniferous forest zone B. Temperate grassland zone, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone

C． Subarctic coniferous forest zone, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone D. temperate zone grassland zone, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone

21. The distribution of natural zones in ②③④ in the figure reflects ( )

A. Latitude zone differentiation rules B. Vertical differentiation law

C． Differentiation rules of dry and humid zones D. Local differentiation rules

[Answer] 20. B 21. A

20． Reading the map, we can see that ① it is located in the inland plateau mountainous area of ​​the western United States. It is blocked by the high mountains in the west and is far away from the eastern region. The water vapor from the eastern Atlantic Ocean reaches less and there is less precipitation. The natural zone is mainly temperate grassland. ② The area is located near the Great Lakes in the eastern United States. It is greatly affected by the water vapor from the Atlantic Ocean and has relatively abundant precipitation. The natural zone is the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone. B is correct, ACD is incorrect. So choose B.

21. In the figure, the distribution of natural zones ②③④ extends east-west, alternates north-south, and changes with latitude. The differentiation is mainly caused by the difference in heat caused by the decrease in solar radiation from low to high latitudes. It reflects the differentiation law of latitudinal zones, A is correct; the vertical differentiation law changes with the change of altitude, B is wrong; the dry and wet zone differentiation is mainly caused by differences in water conditions, which is mainly reflected in the differentiation from the coast to the inland, C is wrong; the local differentiation law is affected by local factors such as (topography, water sources, sea and land distribution, etc.) and the change, loss, or restricted distribution of zonal natural zones. D is wrong. Therefore choose A.

(2021·Tianjin·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The Sichuan-Tibet Railway starts from Chengdu in the east and ends in Lhasa in the west. Construction of the section from Ya'an to Nyingchi will start in 2021. Snow leopards are active in the mountains near Nyingchi. Snow leopards usually move around in areas below the snow line and above the tree line (the tree line refers to the upper limit of forest distribution height). Read the graphic materials and complete the following questions.

22. Judging from the picture, along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway ( )

A. It is a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt B. There is a big difference in temperature and dry and wet conditions

C. Located on the first step of the terrain D. All rivers flow into the Indian Ocean

23. In the mountains near Linzhi, the activity range of snow leopards on the windward slope is smaller than that on the leeward slope. This is because the windward slope ( )

A. Low snow line and low tree line B. High snow line and high tree line C. The snow line is low and the tree line is high D. The snow line is high and the tree line is low

[Answer] 22. B 23. C

22. This question mainly examines the characteristics of China's natural geography. Reading the map and combining the knowledge learned, we can see that the Sichuan-Tibet Railway passes through the Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There is no subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A is wrong. The terrain along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway has a large height difference, and the temperature and dry and wet conditions vary greatly. B is correct. The area along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway is located at the first and second-level terrain of our country. C is wrong. The river east of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway flows into the Pacific Ocean. D is wrong. So choose B.

23. This question mainly examines the factors that affect the distribution of natural zones. It can be seen from the materials that "snow leopards usually move in areas below the snow line and above the tree line (the tree line refers to the upper limit of forest distribution height)." Linzhi is located in the Brahmaputra Valley, the windward slope of the southwest monsoon, with more precipitation and better water and heat conditions, so the snow line is lower and the tree line is higher. It can be seen that the range suitable for snow leopard activities is smaller than the leeward slope. ABD is wrong and C is correct. So choose C.

24. (2022·Jiangsu·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions.

Material: The picture below is " Eurasian continent a certain regional natural zone and the distribution map of local glaciers and rivers in the region".

1. Write the type of natural band II in the picture, and briefly analyze the reason why it protrudes southward. (4 points)

(2) Based on the distribution of glaciers and rivers in the picture on the right, briefly describe the terrain characteristics of this local area; combined with the terrain characteristics, use a curve to draw the watershed between the M River Basin and the N River Basin in the dotted box. (4 points)

(3) Analyze the reason why there are more glaciers near R in the picture on the right. (6 points)

[Answer] (1) Type: tundra with .

Reason: This place is a north-south ( Ural ) mountain range with high altitude and lower temperature than on both sides of the same latitude.

(2) Terrain characteristics: The terrain in the central part increases from (east) north to (west) south. The overall central part is high, and the terrain decreases towards the west (north) and east (south) sides.

watershed:

(3) Close to the ocean, water vapor is blown by the polar east wind and is lifted by the terrain, resulting in more snowfall; high latitude, low temperature, less snow melting, more accumulation, and many glaciers; valleys are developed, snow is easy to retain, and there are many glaciers.

[Analysis]

(1) As can be seen from the picture, the II natural zone is mainly located near the coast of the Arctic Ocean , close to the polar circle. The southern III natural zone is located in the interior of the continent and is a vast area. It is a subarctic coniferous forest belt. The II natural zone should be the tundra zone. The I natural zone is located within the polar circle and near the pole should be an ice sheet zone. The reason why

protrudes to the south: Judging from the position in the picture, this place is located near 60° east longitude, and its vegetation belt protrudes south, roughly in the north-south direction; this place is located near the Ural Mountains on the Asia-Europe dividing line, and the Ural Mountains are large It runs north-south and has a relatively high altitude. To the west is the Eastern European Plain and to the east is the West Siberian Plain . The Ural Mountains have a higher altitude and lower temperature than the east and west sides, so its vegetation zone develops into a high-latitude tundra zone.

(2) The river should flow from high to low. The flow direction of the river can generally determine the direction of the terrain. Judging from the distribution of rivers in this area, the eastern rivers flow eastward and the western rivers flow westward, indicating that the terrain is high in the central part and low on the east and west sides. From the height of the central peaks, the northern peaks are approximately 1,200 to 1,300 meters, and the southern peaks are approximately 1,400 to 1,500 meters. The central region is higher in the south and lower in the north.

Rivers should flow from high places to low places, The middle zone between the source of the tributaries of the M river basin and the N river basin should be the mountain watershed. Connect the middle zone into a line, which is the watershed of the M river basin and the N river basin, as shown in the figure below:

(3) As can be seen from the figure R has a higher latitude, and its north is close to the Arctic Ocean. From a latitude perspective, this place is located inside the polar circle and is significantly affected by polar easterly winds. The water vapor in the Arctic Ocean moves southward under the influence of polar east winds. R is the northern part of the Ural Mountains. Affected by the uplift of the terrain, there is more snowfall in this place. At the same time, the latitude of this place is high, the temperature is low all year round, and the snow melts relatively little. A large amount of snow is easy to accumulate, and it is easy to form a large glacier. From the river distribution map, we can see that there are many rivers near R site. Most of the rivers flow out of the valleys. There are many valleys. The valleys are relatively less affected by solar radiation. The snow is easier to store. There are many glaciers in the valleys.

25. (2022·Guangdong·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The TV series "The Love of Mountains and Seas" tells the story of how, under the guidance of the national poverty alleviation policy and with the help of Fujian counterparts, the people of Xihaigu in Fujian explored poverty alleviation development methods and built the "dry beach" into a "golden beach". Read the graphic materials and answer the questions.

Material 1: Minning Town, Yongning County is located on the Ningxia Plain at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain . Most of the farmers in this town have moved here from the impoverished and backward Xihaigu area of ​​Ningxia since the 1990s. Farmers in this town develop the wine industry by vigorously developing specialty agricultural planting, such as grape planting. At present, farmers in Minning Town have successfully got rid of poverty and become well-off.

Material 2: Wine grapes are mainly planted between 32°N-51°N. This area is recognized by the world as the golden latitude for winemaking. The eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is the best area for the growth of wine grapes. The soil at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is loose, highly ventilated and water-permeable, and rich in potassium, which can encourage grapevines to take root deeper and absorb nutrients that are not available in the surface soil. At present, the wine industry in Minning Town is far from reaching the world-leading level.

Material 3: Geographical location map of Minning Town and Xihaigu area.

(1) Determine the most likely natural vegetation types in land A and land B in the picture, and explain the basis for the judgment. (8 points)

(2) From the perspective of topography, analyze the reasons for the overall migration of farmers in Xihaigu to Minning Town.(6 points)

(3) From the perspective of climate, water source, and soil, briefly describe the advantageous conditions for the development of grape planting in Minning Town. (6 points)

(4) Proposed reasonable measures to improve the quality and brand of Minning Town wine. (8 points)

[Answer] (1) Temperate grassland in place A, temperate desert in place B. The annual precipitation in area A is between 300 and 400 mm, and the annual precipitation in area B is less than 200 mm.

(2) The Xihaigu area belongs to the Loess Plateau . The loess soil is loose, the surface is crisscrossed with ravines, and transportation is inconvenient, which is not conducive to production and life. The farmers are poor and backward. The Minning Town area belongs to the Ningxia Plain, with flat terrain, which is conducive to the development of agricultural production and urban construction, and can help people get rid of poverty and become rich.

(3) Minning Town is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. It has a temperate continental climate , with dry and little rain, sufficient sunlight, and a large temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to the accumulation of glucose; in winter, Helan Mountain can block Siberia The invasion of cold air from the Asian and Mongolian Plateaus is conducive to the overwintering of grapevines; it is close to the Yellow River, and water from the Yellow River can be used for irrigation; the soil is loose and rich in nutrients, which is conducive to ensuring the absorption of grape nutrients and the yield of grapes.

(4) Introduce and cultivate high-quality grape varieties to increase the yield and quality of grape planting; strengthen scientific research and development, improve wine brewing technology, and carry out deep processing; strengthen publicity, carry out wine cultural tourism, and promote brands; attach importance to the introduction of high-level technical talents and the training of local talents; the government introduces relevant policies to support the development of the wine industry; improve infrastructure and optimize the investment environment.

[Analysis]

(1) Reading the map information, it can be seen that the annual precipitation in area A is between 300 and 400 mm, and it is a semi-arid area, dominated by temperate grasslands; the annual precipitation in area B is less than 200 mm, and it is dominated by temperate deserts.

(2) Reading the map information, we can see that the Xihaigu area is located on the Loess Plateau. Due to the loose loess soil, heavy rains in summer have severely washed away the surface. The surface ravines have developed and transportation is inconvenient. It is not conducive to communication and contact with the outside world, and is not conducive to production and life. The farmers are poor and backward. From "Minning Town, Yongning County, is located on the Ningxia Plain at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain", it can be seen that the Minning Town area belongs to the Ningxia Plain, with flat terrain, which is conducive to urban construction and saving investment; it is close to the Yellow River and has sufficient irrigation water sources, which facilitates the development of agricultural production and is conducive to poverty alleviation and prosperity.

(3) According to the material information "The eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is the best area for the growth of wine grapes", it can be seen that Minning Town is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain and has a temperate continental climate. It is far away from the sea and is less affected by ocean water vapor. It has a dry climate and less precipitation. It has many sunny days, sufficient light, and a large temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to the accumulation of glucose. In winter, Helan Mountain blocks the cold from Siberia and the Mongolian Plateau. The cold air protects the Ningxia plain from the cold air, which is beneficial to the overwintering of grapevines; it is close to the Yellow River, and the water from the Yellow River can be used for irrigation, so the water source is sufficient; "The soil at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is loose, has strong ventilation and water permeability, and is rich in potassium, which can promote the grapevines to take root deeper and absorb nutrients that are not available in the surface soil." It can be seen that the soil is loose and the soil is rich in nutrients, which is conducive to ensuring the absorption of grape nutrients and the yield of grapes.

(4) This question mainly analyzes technology, market, brand building, infrastructure and other aspects. Increase investment in science and technology, cultivate high-quality grape varieties, and increase the yield and quality of grape planting; strengthen the research and development of wine brewing technology to improve the quality of wine; pay attention to the introduction of external technical talents and the training of local talents; deeply process wine to extend the industrial chain ; increase publicity and create own brand; carry out the development of tourism and other industries related to wine culture; the local government provides relevant policy support and encourages the development of the wine industry; improves local infrastructure construction, improves and optimizes the investment environment, realizes investment promotion, and accelerates development.