"Sound and Rhyme" part The content of this chapter is based on the teacher's explanation.
has many concepts, and you need to understand and memorize them carefully~
hope it can help everyone, come on! [Come on]
Section 2
Chinese rhyme structure
Chinese pronunciation is in [Syllable]. Generally speaking, a Chinese character is a syllable (syllable: the basic unit of the pronunciation structure, the smallest voice fragment that you naturally feel). Phonetics analyzes Chinese syllables into three parts: sound, rhyme, and tune .
1. Tone = "Sound No." or "Maternal No." = initial consonant
(a) tone, nick, letter
The beginning of the Chinese syllable is initial consonant . Phonetics refers to the initial consonant as "sound", also known as "sound" or "mother" "new" = initial consonant
initial consonant is divided into two categories: [consonant initial consonant 21] and [zero initial consonant 1]
letter : In ancient times, [no phoneme] characters (the smallest phonetic unit), so to represent initial consonant, some Chinese characters are selected to mark them. These Chinese characters that indicate initial consonant are called "letters". The letter is the representative word of the initial consonant. For example: thirty-six letter (the initial consonant system in the late Tang and early Song dynasties) tand (b) "Bangmu/New characters"
# initial consonant, letter, thirty-six letter
(two) sound type
for similar backcut characters. The ancients created reverse . The same initial consonant used multiple back tiles. Later generations studied how many initial consonants were at that time based on the reverse tiles. used a certain method to summarize the back tiles that represent the same initial consonant. Total number of classes are there, each of which is called an sound class .
* Reverse: It originated in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and was the most important method of past sound in ancient times.
* Basic principle of reverse cutting: Use two Chinese characters to spell the pronunciation of a Chinese character, cut the character to take the initial consonant, cut the character to take the final vowel and tone.
* (Example: Du, do the orphan; Tian, do the year cut; Kong, Kang, do the Dong, do the red, do the original cut; Tang, do the Lang, do the first cut)
Example: Duode Ding Du, do the same (du sound class) The similarities and differences between
and initial consonants: Sometimes a sound class represents a initial consonant, and sometimes two sound classes actually only represent one initial consonant. Chen Ying[li 3] "Qiyun Kan" summarizes the 452 upper characters of " Guangyun " into 40 categories (but it is generally recognized that "Guangyun" has 37 initials)
(III) thirty-six letters
Modern Chinese , people classify the initials system as 21 phoneme to represent it. The monk at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Guan Wen , borrowed the principles of Sanskrit in Buddhist scriptures, and first created [ Thirty-six-letter ] - the Song people added to [ Thirty-six-letter ], and roughly reflects the medieval age (End Tang and Early Song Dynasty) initial consonant system
1057
thirty-six alphabet (End Tang and Early Song Dynasty)
(Four) Five sounds and seven sounds
phonology according to the different pronunciation parts of , the thirty-six letters are divided into five categories: lips, tongue, teeth, teeth, throat, and called "five sounds".
Later, "half-tongue sound" was divided from tongue sound , and "half-tongue sound" was divided from teeth sound , and together with "five sounds", it is called " seven-tongue sounds " .
(Five) Clear and Tumor
1. According to the pronunciation method of , the thirty-six letters are divided into two categories: clear and voiced.
clear sound: a consonant whose vocal cords do not vibrate when pronounced, also known as "no sound".
voiced : Consonant with vocal cords vibrated during pronunciation, also known as "belly sound".
2. According to the strength of the air flow when pronounced by or turbidity Degree:
Full clear: blocking sound , plugging and frizzing sound , plugging and frizzing sounds when pronounced by , plugging and frizzing sounds when vocal cords do not tremble.
times clear: When pronunciation is given, the vocal cords do not tremble and the plug and fricative sounds are blocked and plugged.
is totally turbid: the stopping sound, fricative sound, and fricative sound of the vocal cords vibrate during pronunciation.
times: nasal sounds, edge sounds, semi-vowel voices that vibrate when pronunciating.
(Six) The initial consonant of the two characters "Half"
is rented the same, based on the ancient pronunciation.
2. Rhyme = Rhyme part (the same or near + tail + tone)
(1) final vowel (head + abdomen + tail)
A syllable [excluding initial consonant and tone] is [Finish]
[Finish] consists of three parts: [Rhyme head + rhyme belly + rhyme tail], among which [ rhyme belly ] is essential. In modern Chinese, [rhyme head] can only be used by the three vowels i, u and v, and [ rhyme head ] can only be used by i, u(o), n and ng.
(Bi) rhyme part =rhyme (the same abdomen or close to + tail + tune)
* rhyme part : phonological rhyme part, referred to as "rhyme" , does not include rhyme head (interrogative sound), only requires the same rhyme abdomen, and the rhyme end and tone are the same.
- For example: Dongdongsong (ding dong song)
- The three characters have the same final vowel, but due to the different tones, they are three different rhyme parts (rhymes).
- Shajiahua (sha jia hua)
- The three characters have the same rhyme, the rhyme end, and the tone is the same, so they are the same rhyme characters, but they belong to different finals.
* Rhyme : Select a character from the characters in the same rhyme (rhyme) as the representative character. This representative character is called "Rhyme" ("Rhyme" is the representative character of the rhyme (rhyme))
* #Same "letter" (representative character of the initial consonant)
- Dongdong Tongtong Tongzhong Gonggong Gonggong and others, they are characters with same rhyme in "Guangyun". Phoneticists choose the character "Dong" as the representative, so these characters in the same rhyme are called "Dongyun", with a total of 357, and "Dong" is the rhyme.
* Note: The tone of the rhyme part varies depending on the times and literary genres.
- Metrical poem: On tone
- Song Ci: No matter tone
- Dong Dongsong ((dong dong song) ) In metrical poetry, there are three rhyme parts, and in Song Yanguo, there are two rhyme parts.
(three) rhymes (head + abdomen + tail + tune)
A rhyme part, in addition to the same rhyme and rhyme tail, there are also differences in rhyme heads. If in a rhyme part, [ is classified according to the rhyme heads , it becomes rhyme . Characters of the same rhyme type have the same rhyme head, rhyme belly, rhyme tail, and tone, so a rhyme often contains several rhyme classes.
(four) rhyme (the same abdomen or close to the same + tail)
For example: the four rhyme parts of cold and drought mountain
(an an uan aen) The simile
also belongs to the "Shanshe"
(Five) opening and closing mouth and 4-hu
hu: The finals are classified according to the different lip shapes of the lip shape when pronounced by the rhyme head or turning abdomen. (According to the classification of the final vowels of the first phoneme of the final)
Middle Ages:
combo mouth: the rhyme head is [u] or the whole rhyme is the final vowel of u.
combo mouth: the rhyme head is not [u] or the whole rhyme is not the final vowel of u.
Ming and Qing dynasties:
combo mouth: there is no rhyme head, and the rhyme belly is not iuy
combo teeth: i, combo mouth: u, the mouth is y
(six) Hongyin, fine sound, etc.
The opening and closing mouths of Song and Yuan dynasties are divided into two categories: Hongyin and fine sound (opening Hongyin and fine sound); according to the existence and absence of [i][y] interodic , the two calls are divided into one, two, three, and four.
"Equation" is the classification of final vowels from the angles of [rhyme head] and [rhyme belly] at the same time.
first-class rhyme: There is no interodic [i] or [y] in the final vowel. The main reason is that the opening is the largest when pronounced, and the tongue is at the back. (the loudest sound!)
second-class rhyme: there is no mestic sound [i] or [y] in the final vowel, the main reason is that the opening is at the second time, and the tongue is at the front.
third-class rhyme: there is a mestic sound [i] or [y] in the final vowel, and the tongue is at the front.
fourth-class rhyme: there is a mestic sound [i] or [y] in the final vowel ( does not have a mestic sound [i] or [y] in the Sui and Tang ), the main reason is that the opening is at the smallest when pronounced, and the tongue is at the front. (minimum sound!)
(7) Yin tone rhyme, Yang tone rhyme, enter tone rhyme
Yin tone rhyme: ending with vowels or without rhyme. For example: aja Yang rhyme: ending with nasal consonants: m[m], n[n], ng[n]. m[m] changed to n[n] in the Ming Dynasty. For example: am
enters the tone rhyme: b[p], d[t], g[k] and throat stop sound ending with clear stop sound [?]. disappeared from Northern dialect from the Yuan Dynasty. For example: ab
Yin and Yang sound rhyme: Shusheng rhyme
Entering sound rhyme: Promoting sound rhyme.
(eight) The rhymes of the two characters
have the same rhymes.
3. Tuning
(I) Four tones
Ancient: (ping, up, go, enter)
Modern: Yinping, Yangping , up tone, devouring
(II) Ping Tone, Shupu
Flat Tone: Ping
Tone: Up tone, devouring, entering
(I) Rhyme book
is a book composed of Chinese characters according to the relationship between tone and rhyme, and is written for writing poetry and prose. The most complete and ancient rhyme book is "Guangyun".
(IV) and other rhyme maps
is abbreviated as "rhyme map". is a sound and rhyme coordination table formulated by ancient phonologists. It expresses the Chinese pronunciation system in the format of a chart. The earliest iso-rhyme picture in the past is " Rhyme Mirror " published by [ Southern Song ·Zhang Linzhi]
Summary:
l Syllable =initial consonant + head + abdomen + tail + tone
l Tone =initial consonant = tone min" or "maternal" "new"
l Letter : is the representative character of the initial consonant.
l Sound class : summarize the backcut upper characters representing the same initial consonant, and see how many classes there are in total, and each category is called a sound class.
l Letter : It is the representative character of the initial consonant.
l Sound class : summarize the backcut upper characters representing the same initial consonant, and see how many classes there are in total, and each category is called a sound class.
l Sound class : summarize the backcut upper characters representing the same initial consonant. In total, see how many classes there are, and each category is called a sound class.
l The final vowel (head + abdomen + tail)
l Rhyme (head + abdomen + tail + tune)
l Rhyme (the same or the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the initial consonant)
l Rhyme = Rhyme (the same or the same as the same as the same as the initial consonant)
l " rhyme " is the representative character of the rhyme (rhyme), the same as the same as the "letter" (the representative character of the initial consonant)
is totally turbid: the stopping sound, fricative sound, and fricative sound of the vocal cords vibrate during pronunciation.
times: nasal sounds, edge sounds, semi-vowel voices that vibrate when pronunciating.
(Six) The initial consonant of the two characters "Half"
is rented the same, based on the ancient pronunciation.
2. Rhyme = Rhyme part (the same or near + tail + tone)
(1) final vowel (head + abdomen + tail)
A syllable [excluding initial consonant and tone] is [Finish]
[Finish] consists of three parts: [Rhyme head + rhyme belly + rhyme tail], among which [ rhyme belly ] is essential. In modern Chinese, [rhyme head] can only be used by the three vowels i, u and v, and [ rhyme head ] can only be used by i, u(o), n and ng.
(Bi) rhyme part =rhyme (the same abdomen or close to + tail + tune)
* rhyme part : phonological rhyme part, referred to as "rhyme" , does not include rhyme head (interrogative sound), only requires the same rhyme abdomen, and the rhyme end and tone are the same.
- For example: Dongdongsong (ding dong song)
- The three characters have the same final vowel, but due to the different tones, they are three different rhyme parts (rhymes).
- Shajiahua (sha jia hua)
- The three characters have the same rhyme, the rhyme end, and the tone is the same, so they are the same rhyme characters, but they belong to different finals.
* Rhyme : Select a character from the characters in the same rhyme (rhyme) as the representative character. This representative character is called "Rhyme" ("Rhyme" is the representative character of the rhyme (rhyme))
* #Same "letter" (representative character of the initial consonant)
- Dongdong Tongtong Tongzhong Gonggong Gonggong and others, they are characters with same rhyme in "Guangyun". Phoneticists choose the character "Dong" as the representative, so these characters in the same rhyme are called "Dongyun", with a total of 357, and "Dong" is the rhyme.
* Note: The tone of the rhyme part varies depending on the times and literary genres.
- Metrical poem: On tone
- Song Ci: No matter tone
- Dong Dongsong ((dong dong song) ) In metrical poetry, there are three rhyme parts, and in Song Yanguo, there are two rhyme parts.
(three) rhymes (head + abdomen + tail + tune)
A rhyme part, in addition to the same rhyme and rhyme tail, there are also differences in rhyme heads. If in a rhyme part, [ is classified according to the rhyme heads , it becomes rhyme . Characters of the same rhyme type have the same rhyme head, rhyme belly, rhyme tail, and tone, so a rhyme often contains several rhyme classes.
(four) rhyme (the same abdomen or close to the same + tail)
For example: the four rhyme parts of cold and drought mountain
(an an uan aen) The simile
also belongs to the "Shanshe"
(Five) opening and closing mouth and 4-hu
hu: The finals are classified according to the different lip shapes of the lip shape when pronounced by the rhyme head or turning abdomen. (According to the classification of the final vowels of the first phoneme of the final)
Middle Ages:
combo mouth: the rhyme head is [u] or the whole rhyme is the final vowel of u.
combo mouth: the rhyme head is not [u] or the whole rhyme is not the final vowel of u.
Ming and Qing dynasties:
combo mouth: there is no rhyme head, and the rhyme belly is not iuy
combo teeth: i, combo mouth: u, the mouth is y
(six) Hongyin, fine sound, etc.
The opening and closing mouths of Song and Yuan dynasties are divided into two categories: Hongyin and fine sound (opening Hongyin and fine sound); according to the existence and absence of [i][y] interodic , the two calls are divided into one, two, three, and four.
"Equation" is the classification of final vowels from the angles of [rhyme head] and [rhyme belly] at the same time.
first-class rhyme: There is no interodic [i] or [y] in the final vowel. The main reason is that the opening is the largest when pronounced, and the tongue is at the back. (the loudest sound!)
second-class rhyme: there is no mestic sound [i] or [y] in the final vowel, the main reason is that the opening is at the second time, and the tongue is at the front.
third-class rhyme: there is a mestic sound [i] or [y] in the final vowel, and the tongue is at the front.
fourth-class rhyme: there is a mestic sound [i] or [y] in the final vowel ( does not have a mestic sound [i] or [y] in the Sui and Tang ), the main reason is that the opening is at the smallest when pronounced, and the tongue is at the front. (minimum sound!)
(7) Yin tone rhyme, Yang tone rhyme, enter tone rhyme
Yin tone rhyme: ending with vowels or without rhyme. For example: aja Yang rhyme: ending with nasal consonants: m[m], n[n], ng[n]. m[m] changed to n[n] in the Ming Dynasty. For example: am
enters the tone rhyme: b[p], d[t], g[k] and throat stop sound ending with clear stop sound [?]. disappeared from Northern dialect from the Yuan Dynasty. For example: ab
Yin and Yang sound rhyme: Shusheng rhyme
Entering sound rhyme: Promoting sound rhyme.
(eight) The rhymes of the two characters
have the same rhymes.
3. Tuning
(I) Four tones
Ancient: (ping, up, go, enter)
Modern: Yinping, Yangping , up tone, devouring
(II) Ping Tone, Shupu
Flat Tone: Ping
Tone: Up tone, devouring, entering
(I) Rhyme book
is a book composed of Chinese characters according to the relationship between tone and rhyme, and is written for writing poetry and prose. The most complete and ancient rhyme book is "Guangyun".
(IV) and other rhyme maps
is abbreviated as "rhyme map". is a sound and rhyme coordination table formulated by ancient phonologists. It expresses the Chinese pronunciation system in the format of a chart. The earliest iso-rhyme picture in the past is " Rhyme Mirror " published by [ Southern Song ·Zhang Linzhi]
Summary:
l Syllable =initial consonant + head + abdomen + tail + tone
l Tone =initial consonant = tone min" or "maternal" "new"
l Letter : is the representative character of the initial consonant.
l Sound class : summarize the backcut upper characters representing the same initial consonant, and see how many classes there are in total, and each category is called a sound class.
l Letter : It is the representative character of the initial consonant.
l Sound class : summarize the backcut upper characters representing the same initial consonant, and see how many classes there are in total, and each category is called a sound class.
l Sound class : summarize the backcut upper characters representing the same initial consonant. In total, see how many classes there are, and each category is called a sound class.
l The final vowel (head + abdomen + tail)
l Rhyme (head + abdomen + tail + tune)
l Rhyme (the same or the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the initial consonant)
l Rhyme = Rhyme (the same or the same as the same as the same as the initial consonant)
l " rhyme " is the representative character of the rhyme (rhyme), the same as the same as the "letter" (the representative character of the initial consonant)
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